沙海蜇(Nemopilema nomurai)模拟消亡过程中氮与磷的释放     

李学刚  李宁  马清霞  袁华茂  段丽琴  宋金明 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(3):507-512

在实验室内模拟研究了沙海蜇消亡过程中氮与磷的释放特征。模拟结果表明:沙海蜇消亡过程中向水体释放氮、磷可分为两个阶段,且氮的释放速率比磷高一个数量级。在沙海蜇消亡的初期阶段,水体中溶解态氮、磷和总氮、总磷的浓度迅速增高,氮可以达到其消亡过程中的最高浓度;在后期阶段,水体中溶解态氮和总氮的浓度不断下降,但水体中的磷在这一阶段达到消亡过程中的最高浓度碱性条件有利于氮的释放,酸性条件有利于磷的释放;盐度越高氮与磷的释放速率越小;温度对氮、磷的释放影响不大;水体中氮与磷含量越高,沙海蜇消亡的速度越慢,而且氮的浓度越高,氮与磷释放到水体中的速率就越慢。  相似文献   

东海中北部海域秋季表层海水中无机碳与海气界面碳的迁移   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱连磊  宋金明  李学刚  袁华茂  李宁  段丽琴  于宇 《海洋科学》2012,36(10):26-32

基于2010 年11 月对长江口外东海中北部海域的综合调查, 系统研究了该海域的无机碳体系参数的分布特征、海?气界面二氧化碳通量及其影响因素。研究结果表明, 该海域秋季溶解无机碳(DIC)高值区主要出现在调查海域东北部及长江口附近海域, 而调查海域南部DIC 含量较少且变化平缓, 其主要是受台湾东部流向东北方向的黑潮支流及长江冲淡水的影响; 表层海水CO₂分压(pCO₂)值变化范围为40.8～63.5 Pa, 呈现沿黑潮支流流入方向由东南向西北逐渐增高的趋势。秋季表层海水pCO₂与温度(T)、盐度(S)有较好的负相关性, 说明海水温度升高和盐度增加, pCO₂降低, 反之亦然。另外, 通过估算得出, 秋季CO₂海-气交换通量为2.69～33.66 mmol/(m²·d), 平均值为(14.35 ± 7.06 )mmol/(m²·d),其在长江口邻近海域相对较大, 而在调查海域南部相对较小; 2010 年秋季水体向大气释放CO₂的量(以碳计)为(2.35 ± 1.16)×104 t/d, 是大气CO₂较强的源, 说明东海中北部海域秋季总体上是CO₂的源。  相似文献   

氮与磷的增加对海水无机碳体系影响的实验模拟研究     

张乃星  宋金明  贺志鹏  李学刚  袁华茂  李宁 《海洋科学集刊》2007,(1)

海洋碳循环是全球变化研究中的重要领域,它不仅在很大程度上决定了全球气温乃至全球气候的变化趋势,而且还是海洋生态系持续发展的基础,它决定着了海洋生态环境变化的走向。众所周知,碳(C)在海洋中以无机态和有机态的形式存在,在海-气系统中,大于98%的C以溶解无机碳(DIC)形式存  相似文献   

大洋多金属结核化学分析方法标准的研究     

夏宁  宋苏顷  刘昌岭  张红  李学刚  林学辉  姚德 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,32(6):935-940

依据大洋多金属结核分析测试方法标准研究的总体设计 ,完成了 36个分析项目的 2 1份验证报告 ,进行了实验室间精密度协作性检验工作。在 H2 O-,TFe,Al2 O3 ,P2 O5等分析方法研究中取得新进展 ,并建立了 ICP- AES法测定大洋多金属结核中常量、微量、稀土元素分析方法标准。  相似文献   

碳酸盐台地演化的成岩——沉积作用的二维模拟     

Whita.  F 李学刚 《海洋地质前沿》1997,(7):16-18

  相似文献   

黄河口新生湿地沉积物放射性核素及其对 沉积过程变化指示作用解析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王启栋  宋金明  李学刚  袁华茂  李宁  曹磊 《地质论评》2014,60(3):635-645

为探讨放射性核素对沉积速率、沉积环境变化以及重大环境历史事件的指示作用,本文首次报道了用HPGeγ谱仪测定黄河口新生湿地柱状沉积物中6种放射性核素活度的结果,并根据137Cs的垂直分布估算了沉积速率,探讨了放射性核素与有机质的关系及其垂直变化与沉积过程变化的对应关系。结果表明,黄河口新生湿地柱状沉积物中6种放射性核素的平均比活度分别为40K(687.33±54.59)Bq/kg、137Cs(8.60±1.35)Bq/kg、226Ra(29.96±4.23)Bq/kg、228Ra(69.96±6.63)Bq/kg、228Th(45.35±4.58)Bq/kg和238U(60.52±15.37)Bq/kg,与其他区域相比,黄河口新生湿地137Cs、238U含量偏高。除137Cs外,其他5种核素均与TOC呈显著正相关,表明有机质有利于核素在沉积物中的保留。137Cs的垂直分布与黄河口净造陆速率的年际变化具有一致性,据此估算获得近20年该区域平均沉积速率为2.8cm/a,其中河口湿地形成初期沉积速率较高,而后逐渐减小并保持相对稳定。放射性核素比活度的垂直变化可反映沉积过程中黄河断流、黄河调沙以及大的洪水等重大环境事件,可以作为指示沉积变化特征的重要指标。  相似文献   

海上溢油量获取的技术方法     

吴晓丹  宋金明  李学刚  袁华茂  李宁 《海洋技术学报》2011,30(2)

海上溢油近年来已成为恶化海洋生态环境、导致重大海洋资源损失的一种重要海洋灾害.海面溢油量是评价海上溢油事故威胁程度和确定溢油事故等级的重要指标,而溢油面积和油膜厚度的准确获得是评估溢油量的基础.文中系统总结了当今国内外海洋溢油面积和油膜厚度的监测方法,认为航空遥感和卫星遥感技术是获取海上油膜面积的有效手段,基于光学遥感和超声波原理的激光声学遥感器是最具发展潜力的油膜厚度测量技术.此外,通过构建油膜扩展模型来估算油膜厚度也不失为一种简单而有效的方法,其最大特点是应用范围广,不受时空、气候条件影响,实例分析验证结果有很高的准确性(高达96％),这种方法将有望于业务化监测运行来获取油膜厚度,从而比较准确地获得溢油量.  相似文献   

Sediment flux and source in northern Yellow Sea by^210 Pb technique   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李凤业  李学刚  宋金明  王桂芝  程鹏  高抒 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2006,24(3):255-263

1 INTRODUCTION The Yellow Sea is a shallow epicontinental sea surrounded by Chinese mainland and Korean Peninsula. It is connected with the East China Sea to the south, and with the Bohai Sea to the north- west. Water depth is generally less than 80 m with average of 44 m (Qin et al., 1989). The major sediment sources are the Huanghe and Changjiang (Yangtze) Rivers, providing annual sediment load of about 1.1×109 and 4.9×108 tons, respectively. A maximum of 1.6×108 tons of sedime…  相似文献   

长江口及其邻近海域溶解硒的地球化学控制过程研究     

吴晓丹  宋金明  吴斌  李铁刚  李学刚 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(10):19-29

Dissolved selenium in the Changjiang(Yangtze) Estuary and its adjacent waters was determined by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry to elucidate the source, behavior in estuary, adsorption-desorption process and biological role. In surface water, Se(IV) concentration ranged 0.05–1.14 nmol/L and Se(VI) concentration varied 0.01–1.20 nmol/L, with the means of 0.76 and 0.49 nmol/L, respectively. In bottom water, Se(IV) content varied 0.03–0.27 nmol/L and Se(VI) content ranged 0.04–0.85 nmol/L, with the averages of 0.10 and 0.40 nmol/L, respectively. High level of Se(IV) was observed near the shore with a significant decrease towards the open sea, suggesting the continental input from the adjacent rivers. Large value of Se(VI) was found in bottom water, reflecting the release from suspended sediment. Besides, high value appeared in the same latitude of the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay illustrated the effect of lateral mixing and the long-distance transport of selenium. Se(VI), more soluble, occupied higher percentage in aqueous environment. The presence of Se(IV) resulted from the degradation of residue and the reduction of Se(VI) under anaerobic condition. The positive relationship to suspended particulate material(SPM) and negative correlation to depth indicated that Se(IV) tended to be released from the high density particulate matter. Instead, Se(VI) content did not significantly relate to SPM since it generally formed inner-sphere complex to iron hydroxide. Se(IV) content negatively varied to salinity and largely depended on the freshwater dilution and physical mixing. While, Se(VI) level deviated from the dilution line due to the in situ biogeochemical process such as removal via phytoplankton uptake and inputs via organic matter regeneration. As the essential element, Se(IV) was confirmed more bioavailable to phytoplankton growth than Se(VI), and moreover, seemed to be more related to phosphorus than to nitrogen.  相似文献   

Occurrence and distribution of dissolved tellurium in Changjiang River estuary     

吴晓丹  宋金明  李学刚 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(2):444-454

With the implementation of the GEOTRACES program, the biogeochemical cycle and distribution of tellurium （Te） in marine environments are becoming increasing environmental concerns. In this study, the concentration of dissolved Te in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River estuary and nearby waters was determined in May 2009 by hydride-generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry to elucidate the abundance, dominant species, distribution, and relationship with environmental factors. Results show that： （1） dissolved Te was low owing to its low abundance in the Earth＇s crust, high insolubility in water, and strong affinity to particulate matter; （2） Te（IV） and Te（VI） predominated in surface water. Te（VI） was the dominant species in bottom water, and Te（IV） was the minor species; （3） Horizontally, resulting from low phytoplankton metabolism and the weak reduction from Te（VI） to Te（IV） in the shore, Te（IV） was concentrated in the central zone instead of the coastal region. However, Te（VI） was abundant near the mouth of the Changjiang River where the Changjiang water is diluted and in the area to the south where the Taiwan Warm Current invaded. In the adsorption-desorption process, Te（IV） was negatively related to suspended paniculate matter （SPM）, indicating that it was adsorbed by particulate matter. While for Te（VI）, the positive correlation with SPM suggested that it was desorbed from the solid phase. In the estuary, dissolved Te had a negative correlation to salinity. However, it deviated from the dilution line in high-salinity regions due to the invasion of the Taiwan Warm Current and the mineralization of organic matter. The relationship between Te（IV） and SPM nutrients indicated that it was more bioavailable and more related to phosphorus than to nitrogen. Progress in the field is slow and more research is needed to quantify the input of Te to the estuary and evaluate the biochemical role of organisms.  相似文献