Geological and microbial anomalies in the extinct submarine volcano, Shiribeshi Seamount, in the eastern margin of the Japan Sea     

MARI  OGAWA  AKIRA  TAKEUCHI  MUTSUO  HATTORI  MASAHARU  OKANO  MISUMI  AOKI  MAKIKO  IMAMURA  TOYOKI  KSUBOI  TOMONORI  TSUBOI  DAISUKE  TANIMOTO  TAKESHI  NAGANUMA 《Island Arc》2002,11(4):274-286

Abstract   The manned submersible Shinkai 2000 investigated yellow patches on the near-summit slope of Shiribeshi Seamount in the Japan Sea. Yellowish patches are often associated with seepage, and the possibility of seepage at Shiribeshi Seamount was tested by the following four lines of observation: (i) high subsurface temperature was measured at a ring-like patch, although no increase in subsurface temperature was observed at other patches; (ii) high gamma ray (γ-ray) intensity from the thorium series was recorded in the patch zone; (iii) the yellowish deposit was composed of calcite, quartz and amorphous iron compound, as seen at the yellowish patches in other seeps and volcanoes; (iv) lipid phosphate, a measure of microbial abundance, in sediments of the ring-like patch was determined, and the recorded microbial abundance was higher inside the patch than outside it. The four lines of observation are explained consistently by postulating that the seepage of warm fluid contained Fe and γ-ray sources. A hydrothermal origin of the yellow patches is not ruled out for the extinct but young (0.9 Ma) arc volcano.  相似文献   

Compressibility of the calcium aluminosilicate, CAS, phase to 44 GPa     

Shigeaki Ono  Tsuyoshi Iizuka  Takumi Kikegawa 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2005,150(4):331-338

In situ X-ray diffraction measurements on a calcium aluminosilicate (CAS) phase have been carried out using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell up to a pressure of 44 GPa, employing a synchrotron radiation source. CAS is the major mineral formed from sediments subducted into the Earth's mantle. The sample was heated using a YAG laser after each pressure increment to relax the deviatoric stress in the sample. X-ray diffraction measurements were carried out at T = 300 K using an angle-dispersive technique. The pressure was calculated using an internal platinum metal pressure calibrant. The Birch–Murnaghan equation of state for the CAS phase obtained from the experimental unit cell parameters showed a density of ρ₀ = 3.888 g/cm³ and a bulk modulus of K₀ = 229 ± 9 GPa for K^′₀ = 4.7 ± 0.7. When the first pressure derivative of the bulk modulus was fixed at K^′₀ = 4, then the value of K₀ = 239 ± 2 GPa. From the experimental compressibility, the density of the CAS phase was observed to be lower than the density of co-existing Al-bearing stishovite, calcium perovskite, calcium ferrite-type phases, and (Fe,Al)-bearing Mg-perovskite in subducted sediments in the lower mantle. Therefore, the density of subducted sediments in the lower mantle decreases with increasing mineral proportion of the CAS phase.  相似文献   

High-pressure phase transformations of FeS: Novel phases at conditions of planetary cores     

Shigeaki Ono  Artem R. Oganov  John P. Brodholt  Lidunka Vo adlo  Ian G. Wood  Andriy Lyakhov  Colin W. Glass  Alexander S. Ct  G. David Price 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,272(1-2):481-487

Iron sulfide (FeS) was investigated using first-principles calculations up to a pressure of 400 GPa. A number of new phase transitions were found. An antiferromagnetic MnP-type structure, FeS II, was confirmed to be stable at low pressures, whereas at high pressures (40–135 GPa) we find a new stable phase, with a non-magnetic MnP-type structure, FeS VI. The observed first-order change in the cell shape between the two phases can be explained by the difference in magnetic configurations. The calculated cell parameters, atomic coordinates, and bulk modulus of non-magnetic MnP-type phase are consistent with those determined from experiment. The upper pressure limit of the stability of the non-magnetic MnP-type phase was calculated to be 135 GPa. A hitherto unsuspected phase transition from the non-magnetic MnP-type to a phase with Pmmn symmetry, FeS VII, was identified using the evolutionary crystal structure prediction (USPEX) method. The structure of the Pmmn phase has no known analogues, but can be described as a distortion of the NaCl-type structure. The Pmmn phase with the distorted NaCl-type structure is stable from 135 GPa at least up to 400 GPa. According to previous experiments and the present study, the transition sequence of FeS at low temperatures is as follows: troilite ➔ antiferromagnetic MnP-type phase ➔ monoclinic phase ➔ non-magnetic MnP-type phase ➔ Pmmn phase. The calculated volume reduction from the monoclinic to the non-magnetic MnP-type phase is 1.0% at 40 GPa, which is in good agreement with experimental observations. The calculated volume reduction from the non-magnetic MnP-type to the Pmmn phase is 3.7% at 135 GPa.  相似文献   

Stability of the Courses of the Warm Coastal Currents along the Kyushu Island Suggested by the Population Structure of the Japanese Turban Shell, Turbo (Batillus) Cornutus     

Shigeaki Kojima  Ryoko Segawa  Ikuo Hayashi 《Journal of Oceanography》2000,56(5):601-604

The genetic structure of a population of the Japanese turban shell, Turbo (Batillus) cornutus at Sata-Misaki Point, on the southern coast of Kyushu Island, was determined on the basis of nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA and compared with that of a population of the western coast of Kyushu Island. The significant genetic differentiation between these two populations suggests that the courses of the warm currents along the coast of the Kyushu Island have been relatively stable after the divergence between the two genetically distant groups of the Japanese turban shell, which was estimated to have occurred during some period in Pleistocene.  相似文献   

Analyses of age and population genetic structure of the broadbanded thornyhead Sebastolobus macrochir in North Japan suggest its broad dispersion and migration before settlement     

Sakiko Orui Sakaguchi  Kiyotaka Takishita  Tomoaki Goto  Haruka Shibata  Shigeaki Kojima  Shinji Tsuchida  Hiroshi Kitazato  Katsunori Fujikura 《Journal of Oceanography》2014,70(5):457-462

Body size, age, and population genetic structure of the broadbanded thornyhead Sebastolobus macrochir inhabiting areas off the Pacific coast of Tohoku and off Abashiri, the Sea of Okhotsk, Japan, were analyzed. On the basis of significant differences in body size (growth) between certain year classes at Tohoku and Abashiri, it appears that S. macrochir does not migrate extensively after settlement and subsists on food within the settled environment. Meanwhile, no genetic isolation was observed between the populations at these two sites. Thus, it is highly likely that its pelagic egg balloons, larvae, and juveniles widely disperse and migrate before settlement.  相似文献   

Thermoluminescence of forsterite and fused quartz as a candidate for the extended red emission     

C. KOIKE  H. CHIHARA  K. KOIKE  M. NAKAGAWA  M. OKADA  A. TSUCHIYAMA  M. AOKI  T. AWATA  K. ATOBE 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2002,37(11):1591-1598

Abstract— We investigated thermoluminescence of silicates that are of interest in the interstellar and circumstellar medium after irradiation by γ‐rays and fast neutrons. The silicates are forsterite, orthoenstatite, olivine, quartz, and crystalline silicon. The irradiated enstatite shows weak and broad peaks at 545 and 760 nm. In contrast, irradiated bulk and powder samples of forsterite show strong and broad peaks at 640–660 nm. Although thermoluminescence of bulk forsterite is very similar to the extended red emission (ERE) of the Red Rectangle nebula, irradiated powdered forsterite did not reveal any sharp emission features over the broad band. Further, we investigated the possibility of thermoluminescence of crystalline silicon and found that luminescence scarcely appears. It is emphasized that the prominent carrier of ERE is forsterite and fused quartz.  相似文献   

Measurement of evaporation from the forest floor in a deciduous forest throughout the year using microlysimeter and closed‐chamber systems     

Aiko Deguchi  Shigeaki Hattori  Kenichi Daikoku  Ho‐Teak Park 《水文研究》2008,22(18):3712-3723

Evaporation from the forest floor (E_FF) in a deciduous broadleaf forest was measured using microlysimeter and closed‐chamber systems. The microlysimeter was used at six points in the experimental basin, and measurements gave different E_FF values at different points. This could be attributed to the local photoenvironment of each sampling point, rather than to litter conditions, if the spatial variation in air temperature (Ta) or vapour pressure deficit (VPD) at the forest floor was small within this basin. A detachable microlysimeter measured condensation in the litter layer during the night, indicating that the litter layer, as well as the mulch layer, played a role in preventing evaporation from the soil layer. The closed‐chamber system made it possible to continuously measure long‐term E_FF. E_FF was closely related to VPD; even during the night, when solar radiation was zero, E_FF amounted to 14·0% of the daily E_FF. The daily E_FF was 0·20 ± 0·13 mm day^?1 during the study period, with two seasonal peaks: in late spring (0·31 mm day^?1 in April) and early fall (0·22 mm day^?1 in September). The former peak has been reported from two deciduous forests in Japan and is strongly related to the solar radiation reaching the forest floor when the trees are dormant. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Temporal and spatial variations of oceanic pCO₂ and air–sea CO₂ flux in the Greenland Sea and the Barents Sea     

SHIN-ICHIRO NAKAOKA  SHUJI AOKI  TAKAKIYO NAKAZAWA  GEN HASHIDA  SHINJI MORIMOTO  TAKASHI YAMANOUCHI  HISAYUKI YOSHIKAWA-INOUE 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2006,58(2):148-161

  相似文献   

Phase transition of zircon at high P-T conditions     

Shigeaki?OnoEmail author  Kenichi?Funakoshi  Yoichi?Nakajima  Yoshinori?Tange  Tomoo?Katsura 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2004,147(4):505-509

Abstract In situ observations of the zircon-reidite transition in ZrSiO₄ were carried out using a multianvil high-pressure apparatus and synchrotron radiation. The phase boundary between zircon and reidite was determined to be P (GPa) = 8.5+0.0017×(T-1200) (K) for temperatures between 1100–1900 K. When subducted slabs, including igneous rocks and sediments, descend into the upper mantle, the zircon in the subducted slab transforms into reidite at pressures of about 9 GPa, corresponding to a depth of 270 km. Reidite found in an upper Eocene impact ejecta layer in marine sediments is thought to have been transformed from zircon by a shock event. The peak pressure generated by the shock event in this occurrence is estimated to be higher than 8 GPa.Editorial responsibility: J. Hoefs  相似文献   

Effect of incorporation of iron and aluminum on the thermoelastic properties of magnesium silicate perovskite     

Norimasa Nishiyama  Takehiko Yagi  Shigeaki Ono  Hirotada Gotou  Tatsuhiko Harada  Takumi Kikegawa 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2007,34(3):131-143

In situ X-ray diffraction measurements of Fe- and Al-bearing MgSiO₃-rich perovskite (FeAl-Pv), which was synthesized from a natural orthopyroxene, were performed at pressures of 19–32 GPa and temperatures of 300–1,500 K using a combination of a Kawai-type apparatus with eight sintered-diamond anvils and synchrotron radiation. Two runs were performed using a high-pressure cell with two sample chambers, and both MgSiO₃ perovskite (Mg-Pv) and FeAl-Pv were synthesized simultaneously in the same cell. Thus we were able to measure specific volumes (V/V ₀) of Mg-Pv and FeAl-Pv at the same P−T conditions. At all the measurement conditions, values of the specific volume of FeAl-Pv are consistent with those of Mg-Pv within 2 Standard Deviation, strongly suggesting that effect of incorporation of iron and aluminum on the thermoelastic properties of magnesium silicate perovskite is undetectable in this composition, pressure, and temperature range. Two additional runs were performed using a high-pressure cell that has one sample chamber and unit-cell volumes of FeAl-Pv were measured at pressures and temperatures up to 32 GPa and 1,500 K, respectively. All the unit-cell volume data of FeAl-Pv perovskite were fitted to the high temperature Birch–Murnaghan equation of state and a complete set of thermoelastic parameters of this perovskite was determined with an assumption of K′ _300,0 = 4. The determined parameters are K _300,0 = 243(3) GPa, (∂K _T,0/∂T) _P = −0.030(8) GPa/K, a ₀ = 2.78(18) × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹, and b ₀ = 0.88(28) × 10⁻⁸ K⁻², where a ₀ and b ₀ are the coefficients of the following expression describing the zero-pressure thermal expansion: α _T,0 = a ₀ + b ₀ T. The equation-of-state parameters of FeAl-Pv are in good agreement with those of MgSiO₃ perovskite at the conditions corresponding to the uppermost part of the lower mantle.  相似文献