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131.
132.
Andrey V. Leonov 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):235-255
The article describes the evolution of the cartography and toponymy of the second largest geyser field in the world – the Valley of Geysers in the Kronotsky Reserve (Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia), discovered in 1941. The toponymy evolved in close connection with the development of the cartographic base that passed through the three stages from the first manual drawings to large-scale maps and to 3D models of the territory. The number of geysers with personal names increased gradually from twelve to more than one hundred. The article presents examples of diagrams and maps as well as tables of thermal features with coordinates. All main sources of literature were analysed for the period of 1941–2017, and the article presents a comprehensive historiography on the investigated topic. The evolution of instruments for the measurement of geyser activity is also briefly overviewed with examples of data obtained using the different methods. 相似文献
133.
Earthquake parameters and spatial distribution of coseismic effects in Southern Siberia and Mongolia
In this work we review earthquakes that happened in Southern Siberia and Mongolia within the coordinates of 42°–62° N and 80°–124° E and first propose relationships between earthquake parameters (a surface-wave earthquake magnitude M s and an epicentral intensity(I 0) based on the MSK-64 scale) and maximal distances from an earthquake epicenter (R e max), hypocenter (R h max), and a seismogenic fault (R f max) to the localities of secondary coseismic effects. Special attention was paid to the study of these relationships for the effects of soil liquefaction. Hence, it was shown that secondary deformations from an earthquake were distributed in space away from an earthquake epicenter, than from an associating seismogenic fault. The effects of soil liquefaction are manifested by several times closer to a seismogenic fault, than all other effects, regardless of the type of tectonic movement in a seismic focus. Within the 40 km zone from an earthquake epicenter 44% of the known manifestations of liquefaction process occurred; within the 40 km zone from a seismogenic fault—90%. We propose the next relationship for effects of soil liquefaction: M s = 0.007 × R e max + 5.168 that increases the limits of the maximum epicentral distance at an earthquake magnitude of 5.2 ≤ M s ≤ 8.1 as compared to the corresponding relationships for different regions of the world. 相似文献
134.
135.
Filei A. A. Andreev A. I. Uspensky A. B. 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2021,57(12):1515-1526
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - We consider the application of artificial neural networks for remote temperature and humidity profiles sounding of the atmosphere according to the data... 相似文献
136.
Hiroki Uehara Andrey A. Kruts Yuriy N. Volkov Tomohiro Nakamura Tsuneo Ono Humio Mitsudera 《Journal of Oceanography》2012,68(6):869-886
This paper introduces a new hydrographic climatology of the Okhotsk Sea; this climatology was constructed from the Far Eastern Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute (FERHRI) database. The FERHRI database has a volume of data three to five times larger than the data used in previous studies because unpublished Russian observation data have been included in the FERHRI database. After removing erroneous data from the database by pertinent quality control methods, the climatology for 1/4°?×?1/4° grids is produced by applying objective analysis procedures. Features similar to those in previous studies are seen in the intermediate layers in the Okhotsk Sea, whereas our climatology provides values that fill in gaps in previous climatologies. It is obvious from the monthly climatologies that temperature and salinity distributions evolve in accordance with seasonal variations in the Eastern Sakhalin Current and inflow from the North Pacific. We also reconstructed climatologies for the winter mixed layer and dense shelf water from data obtained from the temperature minimum waters identified as the remnants of these two layers. Free access to the 1°?×?1° versions of all climatologies constructed in this study is available through the website. 相似文献
137.
In this contribution we continue our earlier research, concerning the ellipsoidal harmonic expansions of the Earth disturbing gravitational potential and its derivatives on an external reference ellipsoid confocal with respect to the normal ellipsoid and close to it. One of the results of the previous investigation is represented by a new expression for the derivative of the Jekeli’s Legendre function of the second kind, entering the ellipsoidal harmonics in the potential derivative. The derived expression depends on two Gauss hypergeometric functions which converge better than the hypergeometric functions of other authors. In the present paper we construct another expression for the derivative of the Jekeli’s Legendre function, depending on two alternative hypergeometric functions. While our earlier hypergeometric series in the expression for the derivative of this function converge better when the orders of the terms do not exceed a half of their degrees, the series constructed in the present paper converge more rapidly when the orders surpass a half of the degrees. We deduce an improved expression for the derivative of the Jekeli’s Legendre function by combining these results and then construct a corresponding new expression for the derivative of the disturbing potential. This expression is applied for constructing non-singular expressions for the components of the gradient of the potential in the local north-oriented ellipsoidal reference frame. The new expressions for these components have no these deficiencies and the expression for the potential gradient depends on very quickly convergent hypergeometric series. 相似文献
138.
The results are analyzed of numerical experiments obtained using a one-dimensional thermodynamic model of the sea ice developed
by the authors. The computations of the level-ice (fast-ice) evolution and ice hummock consolidation layer formation in different
climatic situations (anomalously cold and anomalously warm winters) are carried out within the frameworks of the proposed
model for the conditions being typical of the Northern Caspian Sea. The results of model computations are compared with the
data of field researches carried out by the specialists of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute in 2003–2008. A good
correspondence is demonstrated between the model computations and expeditionary data. A conclusion is made on the prospectivity
of using the model for design engineering. 相似文献
139.
Outlier Problem in Evaluating Similarity Functions in the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Andrey A. Grachev Edgar L. Andreas Christopher W. Fairall Peter S. Guest P. Ola G. Persson 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2012,144(2):137-155
The gradient-based similarity approach removes turbulent fluxes as governing parameters and replaces them with vertical gradients of mean wind speed and potential temperature. As a result, the gradient Richardson number, Ri, appears as a stability parameter instead of the Monin–Obukhov stability parameter z/L (L is the Obukhov length). The gradient-based scaling is more appropriate for moderate and very stable conditions when the gradients are large and their errors are relatively small whereas z/L becomes ambiguous in these conditions because turbulent fluxes are small. However, the gradient-based formulation is faced with a problem related to the influence of Ri outliers: outliers with high values of Ri can exist in conditions that are really near-neutral. These outliers are mapped into the very stable range in plots in which Ri is the independent variable and may lead to spurious dependencies for bin-averaged data (spurious bin-averaging). This effect is quite large for functions that are steep for the gradient-based scaling. The present study uses the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) data to examine the problem and proposes two methods, conditional analysis and independent binning, to limit the influence of outliers on bin-averaging. A disadvantage of the conditional analysis is associated with eliminating outliers based on criteria that could be considered as subjective. The independent bin-averaging method does not have this disadvantage, but the scatter of the bin-averaged points is higher than for the conditional analysis, rendering data analysis and interpretation difficult. 相似文献
140.
Rytsk E. Yu. Salnikova E. B. Yarmolyuk V. V. Andreev A. A. Bogomolov E. S. Lebedeva Yu. M. Velikoslavinsky S. D. Anisimova I. V. Plotkina Yu. V. Fedoseenko A. M. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2019,484(2):163-166
Doklady Earth Sciences - New results of U–Pb zircon and Nd–isotope analyses of the Goryachinskiy Pluton adakite granites have been obtained. The pluton is exposed along the Baikal coast... 相似文献