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31.
广东省邮电通信业发展空间差异变动 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用基尼系数,分析广东省邮电通信业务量1980～2006年的变化趋势,在此基础上,选取1985年、1995年和2005年3个时间断面,利用因子分析剖析邮电业务水平的空间分布格局,并在GIS软件中表达出来,进而构建邮电通信发展指数P,反映各市的邮电通信发展速度.研究表明:广东省邮电通信业务量的分布经历了20世纪80年代的广州单中心,90年代初的广州、深圳双中心,90年代中以来的广州、深圳、佛山、东莞两主两副四中心,朝着多极化方向发展.邮电通信水平的空间格局则经历了"均衡-不均衡-均衡"的发展过程,变异系数从1985年的1.574到1995年的1.870,2005年变为1.115.邮电通信发展速度1985年开始呈现出珠三角城市明显高于外围城市的格局,且高于平均水平的城市数量不断增加,范围不断扩大.通过多元回归分析得出,除政策因素以外,外商投资作用和第三产业、城市化发展水平是1980年以来影响广东省邮电通信业发展最主要的3个因素,而人口密度、交通发展水平、固定资产投资水平等对邮电通信发展的影响不显著. 相似文献
32.
通过分析阿尔金—龙门山地学断面的地震资料,建立了该剖面的地壳纵波速度结构。研究结果表明,阿尔金北侧的塔里木盆地地区莫霍面为50km,而在其南侧的祁连地块莫霍面突然加深至73km,在柴达木盆地莫霍面又抬升至58km左右,然后,在松潘甘孜地块莫霍面降至70km,并呈现为台阶状向龙门山方向抬升到60km左右,最低速层,而在其南部地区则没有低速层出现,推测低速层为地壳中部的局部熔融物质,阿尔金—龙门山剖面上的两个莫霍面坳陷区分别与祁连地块和松潘—甘孜地块上的两个莫霍面坳陷区相对应,指示出这个两个地块具有较深的山根,青藏高原北部的巨厚地壳很可能是由于中生代以来发生的印度板块与亚洲板块碰撞时受到来自东西及南北方向的挤压,使地壳缩短所致。 相似文献
33.
The European shore-crab Carcinus maenas has been present in South Africa since 1983. Despite this species’ international reputation as a biological invader, its distribution in this region has only been considered by three outdated ‘snapshot surveys.’ The present study is the most comprehensive to date, providing an update on the species’ range and the first temporal assessment of its abundance and demographics. Along South Africa's Cape Peninsula and surrounding areas, C. maenas was absent from 12 intertidal sites surveyed, except for Sea Point, and no crabs were found during subtidal surveys along the open coastline. Subtidal harbour populations were recorded in the Cape Town harbours of Table Bay and Hout Bay (previously estimated as comprising approximately 164 200 and 6 500 individuals, respectively). Table Bay was surveyed monthly for one year, using baited traps, crab condos and postlarvae settlement collectors, to assess size distributions and reproductive seasonality of the crab. Reproductive females were recorded throughout most of the year. These results suggest that the harbour populations could be targeted by control programmes, but provide no strong evidence to support the initiation of management action during a particular season. The lack of detection of postlarval settlement, even among well-established populations, suggests this will not be a useful monitoring tool for detecting incursions. 相似文献
34.
利用Gabor Daubechies（G? D）小波束域波场分解和传播在空间和方向上的双重局域性，提出了基于G? D小波束域叠前深度偏移进行角度域成像和计算局部散射系数矩阵的方法. 以简单分层模型为例，对不同探测系统的局部散射系数矩阵分布特征进行分析. 分析结果表明，在一定的探测系统几何布局下，由本文方法得到的局部散射系数矩阵能够较真实地反映局部结构的散射(或反射)特性. 通过局部散射系数矩阵进一步外推具有不同速度反差的水平界面随角度变化的反射系数，并估计界面的空间位置和倾角等说明局部散射系数矩阵的潜在应用. 相似文献
35.
Benjamin T. Stewart Karin R. Bryan Conrad A. Pilditch Isaac R. Santos 《Estuaries and Coasts》2018,41(2):384-403
Land-based pollutants such as fertilizers and wastewater can infiltrate into aquifers and discharge into surrounding coastal water bodies as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Oceanic islands, with a large coast length to land area ratio, may be hot spots of SGD into the global ocean. Although SGD may be a major pathway of dissolved nutrients, carbon and metals to coastal waters, studies have been limited due to the difficulties in measuring this often diffuse process. This study used radium isotopes (223Ra, 224Ra, 226Ra) to investigate SGD and the associated fluxes of nutrients into Tauranga Harbour, New Zealand. We calculated the apparent water mass ages of the harbour to be between ~4.1 and 7.8 days, which was similar to a previous numerical model of ~2–8 days. A 226Ra mass balance was constructed to quantify SGD fluxes at the harbour scale. A minimum SGD flux rate of 0.53 cm day?1 was calculated by using the maximum groundwater end-member value from 22 sample sites. However, using the geometric mean from these samples as a representative end-member, a final value of 2.83 cm day?1 or a flux of 3.09 × 106 m3 day?1 was calculated. These values were between ~1 and 2.8 times greater than all the major river and creeks discharging into the harbour during the sampling period. Due to the higher observed nutrient concentrations in groundwater, the SGD-derived dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) fluxes were calculated to be 1.07, 0.87 and 0.05 mmol m2 day?1, respectively. These SGD inputs were ~5 times (for nitrogen) and ~8 times (for phosphorus) greater than the input from surrounding rivers and streams. The average N:P ratio in groundwater samples was 36:1 (which was greatly in excess of the Redfield ratio of 16). The harbour water had a N:P ratio of ~17:1. A positive relationship between radium isotopes and N:P ratios in the harbour further supported the hypothesis that SGD can have major implications for primary production, including recurrent algal bloom events which occur in the harbour. We suggest SGD as a major driver of nutrient dynamics in Tauranga Harbour and potentially other similar coastal lagoon systems and estuaries on oceanic islands. 相似文献
36.
Bing Dong De-Qing Ren Xi Zhang Physics & Astronomy Department California State University Northridge CA - USA National Astronomical Observatories/Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2011,(8)
An adaptive optics(AO) system based on a stochastic parallel gradient descent(SPGD) algorithm is proposed to reduce the speckle noises in the optical system of a stellar coronagraph in order to further improve the contrast. The principle of the SPGD algorithm is described briey and a metric suitable for point source imaging optimization is given. The feasibility and good performance of the SPGD algorithm is demonstrated by an experimental system featured with a 140-actuator deformable mirror and a Hartmann-... 相似文献
37.
Low tide rainfall may represent an important but little studied process affecting sediment fluxes on intertidal mudflats. In this study, we simulated rainfall events on an intertidal mudflat (median grain size=18.4 μm) of low slope (1 in 300) then quantified effects on sediment erodibility. Treatments consisted of a high (4.1 mm min−1 for 6 min) and low (0.36 mm min−1 for 60 min) rain intensity, chosen to match naturally occurring events and experiments were conducted seasonally (May and August) to encompass variations in ambient sediment stability. Changes in bed elevation due to rainfall were estimated using marked rods and sediment erodibility parameters (mass of sediment eroded at a flow velocity of 0.3 m s−1 (ME-30, g m−2) and critical erosion velocity (Ucrit, m s−1)) were determined in annular flumes (bed area=0.17 m2). Ambient/control sediment erodibility in May (ME-30=211 g m−2, Ucrit=0.18 m s−1) was higher than in August (ME-30=30 g m−2, Ucrit=0.26 m s−1) and was correlated with changes in biological activity. In May, surface sediment was influenced by high densities of the bioturbating snail Hydrobia ulvae (1736 ind. m−2) and low biomass of the sediment stabilising microphytobenthos (5.7 μg chlorophyll a cm−2). In contrast, in August H. ulvae densities were low (52 ind. m−2) and microphytobenthic biomass higher (9.2 μg chlorophyll a cm−2). The high rain treatment caused a decrease in bed elevation of between 1.5 mm (May) and 4.4 mm (August) and significantly reduced sediment organic content and microphytobenthic biomass. Rainfall increased sediment erodibility; compared to ambient sediments ME-30 increased by a factor of 1.4× in May and 8.8× in August and caused a 10–30% decline in Ucrit. The seasonal difference in treatment effect was due to the change in ambient sediment stability. The low rain treatment in August had no effect on bed elevation, microphytobenthic biomass or sediment erodibility. In May, the same treatment caused a reduction in bed elevation (0.5 mm) and microphytobenthic biomass but counter-intuitively, a decrease in sediment erodibility (ME-30 was reduced by 40%, Ucrit increased by 5%) compared to controls. We attribute this result to removal by rainfall of easily eroded surface flocs and biogenic roughness which resulted in an underlying sediment with a smoother surface and greater resistant to erosion. Results suggest that high intensity rain events may destabilise intertidal sediments making them more susceptible to erosion by returning tidal currents and that the sediment eroded during such events may represent a considerable fraction (up to 25%) of the seasonal variation in shore elevation. The impact of natural rain events are likely to vary considerably due to variations in droplet size, intensity and duration and the interaction with ambient sediment stability. 相似文献
38.
海岸带研究中的点滴认识 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
蔡玉梅 《地球信息科学学报》1997,(2):56-57
人类对地球环境的影响已从罗马时期的局部影响步入了全球性的时代。一系列前所未有的全球环境问题,导致了地球系统科学的产生。面对全球变化,科学家提出了七大关键科学问题,其中之一就是:人类活动和土地利用的变化对于海岸带资源将会产生怎样的影响?未来气候变化和海平面变化将如何改变海岸带的生态系统,这是关系到人类生存和持续发展的大问题。于是IGBP提出了海岸带陆海相互作用研究的重大课题,是与其在地球系统科学中的地位和作用分不开的。 相似文献
39.
Nummulites, a particularly abundant and diverse genus of larger benthonic foraminifera, formed huge accumulations (banks) during the Eocene, which are often good hydrocarbon reservoirs, especially in North Africa. Despite their economical interest, these accumulations are not well‐understood and their origin is still under discussion. Reasons for this debate are the absence of living Nummulites accumulations and the high‐variability of facies, including the size, shape and extension of the banks, which reflect the array of processes controlling sediment production and accumulation. The nummulitic banks near Santa María de Buil, in the Ainsa Basin (South Pyrenean Foreland Basin) are composed of recurrent facies associations within mappable bed units bounded by physical surfaces. The depositional processes that produced the Nummulites deshayesi accumulations are interpreted considering the shape of the banks, the type of bounding surfaces, the distribution of sedimentary textures, Nummulites test shapes and the associated skeletal components within the banks. This integrative analysis indicates that nummulitic banks accumulated from mass flows, with very poor sediment sorting. Textural and compositional differences among banks suggest that globose Nummulites thrived in the shallower part of the mesophotic zone with abundant nummulithoclasts, whereas flat nummulitic forms thrived in deeper mesophotic, clay‐dominated settings. Interbedded with nummulitic banks, coral biostromes and coral mounds bearing Operculina, Discocyclina and Asterocyclina, represent in situ accumulation near the base of the photic zone. Internal waves (waves that propagate along the pycnocline) are thought to be the triggering mechanism for the density flows. Internal waves and induced bottom currents are sporadic but strong enough to bring sediments into suspension. In contrast to surface waves (both fair‐weather and storm), whose impact is strongest near the sea surface and decreases with bathymetry, the impact of internal waves is usually strongest in the mid‐shelf region and weaker in shallow water. This explains the compositional character of the nummulitic banks. 相似文献
40.
TB Robinson ME Alexander CA Simon CL Griffiths K Peters S Sibanda 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(1):129-140
Confusion between terms and ambiguities among definitions have long plagued the field of invasion biology. One result is disruption in flow of information from researchers to policy-makers and managers who rely on science to inform regulatory frameworks and management actions. We reviewed the South African marine biology literature to quantify the current usage of terminology describing marine invasions and found a variety of terms in use, few of which are defined when used. In response, we propose standard terminology that aligns with international practice. We then interpreted the Blackburn unified framework for biological invasions within the marine context and used this as a transparent way to apply the standardised terms to an updated list of marine alien species for the country. This resulted in the recognition of 36 alien and 53 invasive species within South Africa. Most notably, follow-up research is required to confirm the status of at least 11 listed species, the majority of which have been recorded only once, or not in the past 25 years. It is hoped that by standardising terminology, marine science in South Africa will better support authorities charged with managing the threat posed by marine alien species. 相似文献