排序方式： 共有54条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
YehuaWei DepartmentofGeography UniversityofCalifornia LosAngeles LosAngeles CA USA 《地理学报(英文版)》1997,(1)
Ｃｉｔｙｓｉｚｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｕｒｂａｎｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｈａｓａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ.Ｔｈｅｉｓｓｕｅｉｓａｌｓｏｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｔｏｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｐｏｌｉｃｙａｓｉｔｉｓａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ,ｕｎｅｖｅｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ,ａｎｄｇｅｏｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ.Ｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｆｆｏｒｔｈａｓｇｒｅａｔｌｙｅｎｈａｎｃｅｄｏｕｒｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ… 相似文献
42.
大兴安岭中生代花岗岩类的地球化学 总被引：33，自引：18，他引：33
大兴安岭中生代花岗岩根据微量元素地球化学特征划分为高锶花岗岩类和低锶花岗岩类，前者富集Ba、Sr、Ti，而后者强烈亏损这些元素而富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素。高锶花岗岩类主要由石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩组成，属于Ⅰ型花岗岩；低锶花岗岩类由二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩、碱长花岗岩和碱性花岗岩组成，二长花岗岩一正长花岗岩一碱长花岗岩也属于Ⅰ型花岗岩，碱性花岗岩为A1型花岗岩。这两类花岗岩均显示εNd(t)正值^87Sr／^86Sr低值以及较低的Nd模式年龄。高锶与低锶花岗岩类地球化学差异性表明，高锶花岗岩起源于相对亏损的幔源岩浆的分异作用，而低锶花岗岩类的源区与显生宙地壳增生时期起源于地幔的年轻地壳物质有关，即起源于富集型幔源基性岩石的部分熔融。大兴安岭中生代花岗岩与流纹岩之间地球化学相似性以及与玄武岩类的相关性表明，它们是统一的构造一岩浆体系的产物，共同制约于古亚洲洋闭合后的大陆伸展的构造环境和闭合期间壳幔相互作用形成的地幔源区。 相似文献
43.
南菲律宾地区类埃达克岩和富铌玄武质熔岩的成因 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
PaternoRCASTILLO 《岩石学报》2002,18(2):143-151
埃达克岩（adakite)最初 是指由消减板片玄武岩物质熔融形成的富硅、富钠、高Sr/Y和La/Yb比值的弧火山熔岩。它通常产在会聚带，这个部位的年轻的、因而仍然是热的大洋板片正在发生俯冲消减。富铌的岛弦玄武央进则是吕等到高碱的镁铁质熔岩，它们相对于正常的岛弦玄武岩含有较多的高场强元素（HFSE）。这些玄武岩通常与埃达克央共生， 这一组合是直被用于论证他们的高HFSE含量是因为他们的地幔源区受到板片来源的熔体的交代。先前的区域研究结果表明，南菲律宾是埃达克岩和富铌岛孤玄武岩的一个典型产地。然而最近的详细研究显示，尽管该地区的一些岛弧火山岩是类埃达克岩的，但是它们很可能是来自地幔楔的母岩浆的分异作用的产物，而这里的地幔楔主要是受沉积来源的成分交代的，此外，菲律宾南部最典型的富铌熔岩中HFSE的富集，也很有可能是起因于似乎是西太平洋边缘特有的富集地幔组分的熔融。这些结果提出了如下问题：南菲律宾是否存在真正的板片来源的熔体？这里的富铌岛弧 熔岩是否起因于地幔楔被这种熔体交代？ 相似文献
44.
DENG Tao WANG Xiaoming NI Xijun LIU LipingInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Chin Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Los Angeles CA USA 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(1):8-14
In the Linxia Basin on the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the Cenozoic strata are very thick and well exposed. Abundant mammalian fossils are discovered in the deposits from the Late Oligocene to the Early Pleistocene. The Dzungariotherium fauna comes from the sandstones of the Jiaozigou Formation, including many representative Late Oligocene taxa. The Platybelodon fauna comes from the sandstones of the Dongxiang Formation and the conglomerates of the Laogou Formation, and its fossils are typical Middle Miocene forms, such as Hemicyon, Amphicyon, Platybelodon, Choerolophodon, Anchitherium, and Hispanotherium. The Hipparion fauna comes from the red clay of the Liushu and Hewangjia Formations, and its fossils can be distinctly divided into four levels, including three Late Miocene levels and one Early Pliocene level. In the Linxia Basin, the Hipparion fauna has the richest mammalian fossils. The Equus fauna comes from the Wucheng Loess, and it is slightly older than that of the classical Early Pl 相似文献
45.
采集了某废弃炼油厂的石油污染地下水样品,提取水中微生物总DNA,构建细菌16S rDNA克隆文库,并通过16S rDNA序列的系统发育分析,对样品中的细菌种群多样性以及群落结构进行了研究。结果表明,文库中阳性克隆的16S rDNA序列分属11个细菌类群,分别为Betaproteobacteria(381％),Alphaproteobacteria(353％),Gamaproteobacteria(51％),Deltaroteobacteria(52％),Bacteroidetes(40％),Verrucomicrobia(25％),Epsilonproteobacteria(19％),Nitrospira(13％),Planctomycetes(13％),Candidate Division OD1(13％),Unclassified Bacteria(38％)。在这一生态系统中,Betaproteobacteria和Alphaproteobacteria类细菌占据主导地位,二者所占比例均在三分之一以上。群落中最主要的降解菌是噬氢菌属(Hydrogenophaga)和鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)细菌,它们在文库中所占比例达239％和195％。该石油污染地下水样品中细菌与许多其他已知的降解菌亲缘关系较近,如Sulfuricurvum kujiense、Trichlorobacter thiogenes、Rhodoferax ferrireducens以及红细菌属(Rhodobacter)、甲基单胞菌属(Methylomonas)和涅瓦菌属(Nevskia)细菌等。此外,文库中克隆的16S rDNA序列与许多类似的污染场地中发现的环境克隆相似性很高,如煤焦油污染的地下水、苯污染的地下水、原油污染的土壤、溴甲烷和氯甲烷污染的土壤、抗生素生产废水以及活性污泥等,证明该石油污染地下水中有大量降解菌群的存在。石油污染物的种类对降解菌群的组成有一定的选择作用。 相似文献
46.
20世纪80年代以来长三角地区综合交通可达性的时空演化 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
以1986、1994、2005年为时间断面,加权平均旅行时间为指标,长三角地区20世纪80年代以来综合交通网络及其可达性的时空演化呈现如下特征:①综合交通网络的快速发展带来了综合交通可达性的不断提升,且第二阶段(1994-2005)发展速度明显快于第一阶段(1986-1994);三时间断面上海及环太湖地区均为可达性最优区域,1986及1994年可达性较优区域大致由沪宁沿线和沪杭沿线构成>形,而2005则大致由沪宁沿线(含沿江地区)、沪杭沿线及杭甬沿线构成Z形;②可达性提升中节点获益具有明显区域差异,加权平均旅行时间初始值越高的节点其值下降幅度越大,加权平均旅行时间的变化率中部地区低于南北边缘地区,但变化值及变化率在不同阶段均呈现不同特征;③从分省市角度,上海可达性最优,江苏板块次之,浙江板块较差,但上海的优势地位逐步下降,浙江板块与江苏板块间的差距正不断缩小;④综合交通可达性系数标准方差逐步下降,表明长三角地区综合交通网络发育日益成熟,但不同交通方式具有不同发展特征。 相似文献
47.
北阿尔金巴什考供盆地南缘花岗杂岩体特征及锆石SHRIMP定年 总被引：18，自引：11，他引：18
北阿尔金巴什考供盆地南缘花岗杂岩体呈近东西向分布,长约49公里,出露面积约90平方公里,与围岩之间为明显的侵入接触关系,接触界线为不规则的渡状、锯齿状。围岩为前寒武纪砂岩、片岩、泥岩及凝灰质砂岩。该杂岩体主要由巨斑花岗岩、红色花岗岩、灰白色似斑状花岗岩和粉红色似斑状花岗岩组成。杂岩体的主元素含量变化不大,SiO2为65．14％- 75．66％,全碱含量为7．49-8．96％,K2O／Na2O比值为1．12-2．68,岩石的里特曼指数平均为2．34,CIPW标准矿物计算均出现刚玉(AC)(平均为1．78),说明岩石铝过饱和;杂岩体的稀土总量变化于89．44×10-6-335．28×10-6之间,不同岩石类型均有负铕异常,且从巨斑花岗岩→灰白色似斑状花岗岩→红色似斑状花岗岩→红色花岗岩,负铕异常越来越明显,表现在Eu／ Eu+值由0．65→0．51→0．48→0．30。在微量元素蛛网图上,所有样品的微量元素丰度均高于原始地幔值,并具有相似的配分模式,即在Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti处呈明显的低谷,显示出S型花岗岩的特征。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年得出,巨斑花岗岩、红色中细粒花岗岩、灰白色和粉红色似斑状花岗岩的年龄分别为474．3±6．8Ma、446．6±5．2Ma、434．5±3．8Ma和431．1±3．8Ma。结合区域地质特征,我们认为,该杂岩体形成于同碰撞-碰撞后的构造环境。 相似文献
48.
We examined spatial variations in benthic remineralisation (measured as sediment oxygen consumption (SOC)) and sediment properties on the northeastern New Zealand continental shelf and slope to assess the importance of benthic mineralisation in this ecosystem and to provide data for more complete global carbon budgets. SOC measured in dark incubations conducted in early summer ranged from 128 μmol m−2 h−1 at the deepest (360 m) to 1222 μmol m−2 h−1 at the shallowest (4.2 m) site and decreased significantly with water depth (p<0.001, r2=0.78, SOC=1222.8−456.3×log10[water depth], n=14 sites). These rates were in the range found on continental shelves elsewhere (64–1750 μmol m−2 h−1, n=30 studies) and had a very similar distribution with water depth. SOC was also measured in light incubations at seven sites (4.2–35 m water depth) to examine the effects of microphytobenthos and accounted for 42–106% of rates measured in the dark. Measurements of near-bed light intensities suggested that microphytobenthos production was not solely regulated by light intensity but evidently influenced by other factors. A two-dimensional PCA ordination of surface sediment properties accounted for 83.3% of the total variance in the data and divided the study area into three clusters that corresponded well to its spatial division into the shallow (<30 m) Firth of Thames, the Hauraki Gulf (30–50 m) and the northern shelf-slope region. In the Firth of Thames sediments were very fine-grained with low CaCO3 and high total organic matter and pigment content, and low C:N ratios. The northern shelf-slope sediments showed the opposite trends to the Firth of Thames and those in the Hauraki Gulf had mostly intermediate values. Dark SOC was significantly correlated with sediment organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, pigments and silt/clay content (p<0.05, r=0.55–0.85) but a multiple linear regression revealed that water depth was the only significant predictor. Calculations suggest that approximately 13%, 10% and 34% of primary production is remineralised in the sediments of the northern shelf-slope region, Hauraki Gulf and Firth of Thames, respectively, indicating a strong benthic–pelagic coupling on the northeastern New Zealand continental shelf that was particularly pronounced in the Firth of Thames due to its shallow depth and significant terrestrial and riverine inputs. 相似文献
49.
Emily J. Douglas Conrad A. Pilditch Andrew M. Lohrer Candida Savage Louis A. Schipper Simon F. Thrush 《Estuaries and Coasts》2018,41(7):1994-2008
As coastal catchment land use intensifies, estuaries receive increased nutrient and sediment loads, resulting in habitats that are dominated by muddy organic-rich sediments. Increased mud (i.e. silt-clay (particles <?63 μm)) content has been associated with negative effects on soft sediment biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, but the simultaneous impact of nutrient enrichment on ecosystem response is unclear. Nutrient recycling and denitrification in estuarine soft sediments represent important ecosystem functions regenerating nutrients for primary producers and regulating the ability to remove excess terrestrially derived nitrogen. To test the effect of sedimentary environment on ecosystem resilience to nutrient perturbation, we experimentally enriched sediments with slow release fertiliser across an intertidal sedimentary gradient (0–24% mud content). The enrichment successfully elevated pore water ammonium concentrations (median 36?×?control) to levels representative of enriched estuaries. Findings show that the sedimentary environment can influence ecosystem function response to nutrient stress. In particular, denitrification enzyme activity was suppressed by nutrient enrichment, but the effect was greater as sediment mud content increased. Furthermore, compared with sandy sediments, sediments with high mud content may restrict nutrient processing (release, uptake or transformation of organic nutrients by the benthos) facilitating ecosystem shifts toward eutrophication. These results show the value of investigating the impacts of stressors in different environmental settings and demonstrate that land use practices that increase the proportion of muddy habitats in estuaries may reduce denitrification which in turn may reduce ecosystem resilience to eutrophication. 相似文献
50.
Nummulites, a particularly abundant and diverse genus of larger benthonic foraminifera, formed huge accumulations (banks) during the Eocene, which are often good hydrocarbon reservoirs, especially in North Africa. Despite their economical interest, these accumulations are not well‐understood and their origin is still under discussion. Reasons for this debate are the absence of living Nummulites accumulations and the high‐variability of facies, including the size, shape and extension of the banks, which reflect the array of processes controlling sediment production and accumulation. The nummulitic banks near Santa María de Buil, in the Ainsa Basin (South Pyrenean Foreland Basin) are composed of recurrent facies associations within mappable bed units bounded by physical surfaces. The depositional processes that produced the Nummulites deshayesi accumulations are interpreted considering the shape of the banks, the type of bounding surfaces, the distribution of sedimentary textures, Nummulites test shapes and the associated skeletal components within the banks. This integrative analysis indicates that nummulitic banks accumulated from mass flows, with very poor sediment sorting. Textural and compositional differences among banks suggest that globose Nummulites thrived in the shallower part of the mesophotic zone with abundant nummulithoclasts, whereas flat nummulitic forms thrived in deeper mesophotic, clay‐dominated settings. Interbedded with nummulitic banks, coral biostromes and coral mounds bearing Operculina, Discocyclina and Asterocyclina, represent in situ accumulation near the base of the photic zone. Internal waves (waves that propagate along the pycnocline) are thought to be the triggering mechanism for the density flows. Internal waves and induced bottom currents are sporadic but strong enough to bring sediments into suspension. In contrast to surface waves (both fair‐weather and storm), whose impact is strongest near the sea surface and decreases with bathymetry, the impact of internal waves is usually strongest in the mid‐shelf region and weaker in shallow water. This explains the compositional character of the nummulitic banks. 相似文献