南海西部越南岸外晚第四纪黏土矿物记录: 物源分析与东亚季风演化     

刘志飞  赵玉龙  李建如 《中国科学D辑》2007,37(9):1176-1185

南海西部越南岸外MD05-2901孔晚第四纪450 ka以来黏土矿物和氧同位素的高分辨率分析表明, 伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石含量表现出明显的冰期-间冰期旋回变化, 而蒙脱石含量呈现频率更高的周期性变化. 物源分析表明, MD05-2901孔黏土矿物中的蒙脱石主要由巽他陆架及其主要源区印度尼西亚岛弧提供, 伊利石和绿泥石主要由湄公河和红河提供, 而高岭石则主要由珠江提供. 高岭石/(伊利石+绿泥石)比值的变化显示强烈的100 ka偏心率周期, 指示了冰盖驱动的冬季风演化; 而蒙脱石含量的高频变化除了具有冰盖驱动的41 ka斜率周期以外, 还具有23和19 ka岁差周期、以及13 ka半岁差周期, 指示了热带驱动的夏季风演化. 东亚冬季风的演化基本上与冰期-间冰期旋回一致, 冰期时强盛, 间冰期时明显减弱; 而夏季风的演化则与北半球低纬夏季日射量吻合较好, 日射量高时强盛, 低时减弱. 研究认为, 高纬冰盖和低纬热带分别驱动了晚第四纪东亚冬季风和夏季风的演化, 反映了东亚季风演化的双重和独立的驱动机制.  相似文献   

Multiscale mesh generation on the sphere   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Jonathan Lambrechts  Richard Comblen  Vincent Legat  Christophe Geuzaine  Jean-François Remacle 《Ocean Dynamics》2008,58(5-6):461-473

A method for generating computational meshes for applications in ocean modeling is presented. The method uses a standard engineering approach for describing the geometry of the domain that requires meshing. The underlying sphere is parametrized using stereographic coordinates. Then, coastlines are described with cubic splines drawn in the stereographic parametric space. The mesh generation algorithm builds the mesh in the parametric plane using available techniques. The method enables to import coastlines from different data sets and, consequently, to build meshes of domains with highly variable length scales. The results include meshes together with numerical simulations of various kinds.  相似文献   

High-resolution coastal hazard assessment along the French Riviera from co-seismic tsunamis generated in the Ligurian fault system     

Nemati  Fatemeh  Grilli  Stephan T.  Ioualalen  Mansour  Boschetti  Laurie  Larroque  Christophe  Trevisan  Jenny 《Natural Hazards》2019,96(2):553-586

Natural Hazards - The French Riviera is a densely populated and touristic coast. It is also one of the most seismically active areas of the Western Mediterranean. This is evidenced by the Mw...  相似文献   

Morphological responses of an estuarine intertidal mudflat to constructions since 1978 to 2005: The Seine estuary (France)     

Antoine Cuvilliez  Julien Deloffre  Robert Lafite  Christophe Bessineton 《Geomorphology》2009,104(3-4):165-174

Since 1834 the Seine estuary (France) has been the site of numerous construction projects with the aim to accommodate and secure boat traffic. Since 1978, the increasing of the activities of Le Havre port, located at the mouth of the estuary, has accelerated the construction work rate. Several dykes, a bridge, and new port facilities have been constructed in rapid succession, modifying considerably the hydrodynamic conditions which sustain a partially vegetated sandy–muddy tidal flat located in the North bank of the estuary between the new port of Le Havre and the Normandy bridge achieved in 1995.The present study deals with the morphological evolution of this zone from 1978 to 2005. The use of a low altitude remote sensing technique combined with traditional methods of ground survey and probes allow to demonstrate the impact of human activities on sedimentary and vegetation dynamics. The Northern mudflat of the estuary is the most affected by these human activities, which surface have reduced of 62% during the last 27 years with an intensified local erosion during the last 27 months corresponding to a loss 1 250 000 m³ of fine-grained sediment. At the same time, the general sanding up in the channel of the zone has caused a loss of more than 31% of the tidal prism, more than three quarters of which occurred during the last three years. Results also establish that the response times of the sedimentary or topographic readjustment to an installation depend on the extent and the nature of the construction. In fact, the sedimentary readjustments to an installation can be delayed by up to 10 years in the case of the Seine estuary. This delay is explained by a rapid succession of construction works which may occult the effect of a single installation. Except in the case of a dyke built perpendicular to ebb and flood currents, the impacts of these installations reach a hydro-sedimentary equilibrium on the level between 1 and 7 years after their completion.  相似文献   

Serpentinization of the martian crust during Noachian     

Yoann Quesnel  Christophe Sotin  Benoit Langlais  Simona Costin  Mioara Mandea  Matthias Gottschalk  Jérome Dyment 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2009,277(1-2):184-193

This paper proposes a model of serpentinization of the Southern martian crust that may explain the topographic dichotomy, the absence of an associated free-air gravity anomaly and the presence of strong magnetic anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere. The thermodynamical conditions for serpentinization were likely met in the lithosphere during the Noachian period. This process may have decreased the density in the Southern crust and created the topographic dichotomy. Different reactions of serpentinization that can form magnetite have been considered. Assuming an intense magnetic field (core dynamo), we obtain chemical remanent magnetizations that are in the order of the estimates deduced from martian magnetic anomaly studies. The pertinence and the implications of our model concerning the early thermal evolution of Mars are discussed, with emphasis on the intensity of the paleo-magnetic field.  相似文献   

Assessment of heavy metals in soil and terrestrial isopod <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porcellio laevis</Emphasis> in Tunisian industrialized areas     

Chedliya Ghemari  Christophe Waterlot  Anas Ayari  Julie Leclercq  Francis Douay  Karima Nasri-Ammar 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(17):623

In this study, data on several metals (Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu) in soil and isopod Porcellio laevis taken at 21 sites from the most important industrial areas in Tunisia (Bizerte, Nabeul, Zaghouan, Sfax and Gabes) were presented. Heavy metal concentrations in both soil samples and isopods were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Soil contamination was estimated using the contamination factor (CF). On the other hand, the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was determined to estimate metal accumulation in isopods. The CF values show that the level of contamination varies between sampled soils, which may be due to the source of pollution at each site. The BAF values allow defining the order of accumulation in P. laevis which was classified for the majority of the sampled sites as a macro-concentrator of Cu and Zn and a deconcentrator of Cd with some exceptions. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted between soil properties (pH, OM and CaCO₃) and metal concentrations in soils. Through PCA, we obtained four groups in which soils were distinguished by their physicochemical properties and their metal concentrations. Moreover, linear multiple regressions with a downward stepwise procedure were conducted to test the relationships between the physicochemical parameters and metal concentrations in both soils and isopods. Thus, positive correlations (0.78 < R ² < 0.99) were obtained for Pb considering dataset from the groups 1, 2 and for Zn with data of groups 2 and 3. Finally, results showed that P. laevis could be used as a bio-indicator for monitoring and reducing the impact of pollution in terrestrial ecosystems.  相似文献   

SORTAN: An Analytical Method to Determine Fault Slip as Induced by Stress     

Christophe Pascal  Jacques Angelier 《Mathematical Geology》2003,35(5):627-642

We propose an analytical method, namely the SORTAN method, to determine the sense of slip on faults as induced by stresses. This method is useful to infer the sense of motion along faults whose surface cannot be directly accessed, such as faults imaged in the subsurface. Because the SORTAN method is based on the Wallace–Bott hypothesis, we assume that the shear stress vector applied to a given fault is parallel to the slip vector on this fault. The assumptions allow for simplification of the method that in turn implies very short calculation times. A concise formalism is adopted. We introduce the stress ratio ' that accounts for (1) the type of stress regime (i.e., strike-slip, reverse or normal) and (2) the degree of anisotropy of the stress state. The formalism of the SORTAN method permits an easy exploration and imaging of the complete collection of slip motions that may theoretically occur on fault planes. The input parameters are the fault plane orientation, the type and anisotropy of the stress regime, and the azimuth of the horizontal stress axes.  相似文献   

Diel variability of glycolate in the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean     

Christophe Leboulanger  Louise Oriol  Henri Jupin  Chantal Desolas-gros 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1997,44(12):2131-2139

The concentration of dissolved glycolate in sea water was measured by high performance liquid chromatography in the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean during the Eumeli 4 oceanographic cruise in June 1992. Diurnal concentrations of glycolate reached 74 kg 1⁻¹ 1⁻¹ in mesotrophic waters and 17 μg 1⁻¹ 1 in oligotrophic waters. At midday total dissolved glycolate exceeded 1 g of carbon per m² of ocean, decreasing strongly during the night (less than 0.1 g of carbon per m²). At the three stations studied, glycolate carbon difference between night and day in the water column was of the same order as the daily primary production estimated by incorporation of ¹⁴C0₂. Disappearance of this compound at night suggested a rapid consumption by heterotrophic organisms. These data suggest that glycolate excretion by phytoplankton may be important, and possibly influenced by ambient nutrient concentrations. Further, with glycolate representing up to 50% of daily productivity, our estimates of the total biological reduction of C0₂ need to be re-examined.  相似文献   

Transfrontier macroseismic observations of the Ml = 5.4 earthquake of February 22, 2003 at Rambervillers,France     

Michel?CaraEmail author  Wolfgang?Brüstle  Monika?Gisler  Philipp?K?stli  Christophe?Sira  Claire?Weihermüller  Jér?me?Lambert 《Journal of Seismology》2005,9(3):317-328

The 2003 Ml = 5.4 Rambervillers earthquake, north-east of France, is the largest seismic event recorded north of the Alps since the 1992 Ms = 5.3, I₀ = VII, Roermond earthquake, Netherlands. With a maximum macroseismic intensity of VI-VII EMS-98, the 2003 event was broadly felt to a distance of 300 km from the epicentre. It provides a unique opportunity to test and compare the different procedures used in France, Germany and Switzerland when evaluating macroseismic intensities. The main purpose of this paper is to present a common transfrontier macroseismic map based on the EMS-98 intensity scale. Maximum horizontal accelerations recorded in the area are compared to the intensity values, and we propose to use a differential technique to re-estimate the magnitude of the 1682 Remiremont, I₀ = VIII, earthquake, which occurred 40 km south of Rambervillers.  相似文献   

Infrared Spectroscopy of Jupiter's Atmosphere after the A and E Impacts of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9     

Sang J. Kim  Glenn S. Orton  Christophe Dumas  Yong H. Kim 《Icarus》1996,120(2):326-331

Infrared spectra of Jupiter's atmosphere were obtained with the infrared spectrometer (IRS) on the 1.5-m telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) during the first 2 days of the impacts of the fragments of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 (1993e). We monitored 3.51 ± 0.17 μm radiation from the impact areas, undisturbed areas, and auroral regions of Jupiter after the A and E impacts. The strong emission of a portion of the P-branch of the ν₃band of CH₄was detected on the A impact area 4 hr after the impact. H⁺₃emissions are found to be decreased at the A and E impact sites after 4 hr and 10 hr 50 min of the impacts, respectively, compared with undisturbed areas at the same latitude. The temperatures of the southern H⁺₃aurora were normal within the first several hours following the A and E impacts.  相似文献