"南川"、"狮子山"外围云系对温州的风雨影响分析     

梁艳  刘峰  王忠东 《气象与环境科学》2011,34(1):56-61

利用温州地区地面自动气象站观测资料、Micaps资料、NCEP/NCAR1°×1°再分析资料和温州新一代气象雷达资料等,对"南川""狮子山"外围云系对温州造成的大风和强降水进行分析,并总结出台风外围云系影响时大风和强降水的预报着眼点:可根据雷达基本速度场中的强径向风、地面气压梯度的增大区和台风路径、移速等判断大风;可在...  相似文献   

岩石破裂以及破裂前信号的演变     

Freund F T  Dahlgren R P  Chu J J  张祯 《国际地震动态》2011,(1):110-114

地震是大量的岩石破裂事件.很多大地震之前都存在瞬态信号:电磁信号、磁场变化、电离层扰动、土壤导电率的变化以及其他震前信号.令监测人员奇怪的是,在震前短时间内一些震前信号会衰弱甚至消失不见.岩石中应力活化电流的发现提供了一个可能的解释,应力能够激活岩石中的移动电荷载体,即电子空位缺陷(electron vacancy d...  相似文献   

Global upper ocean heat content and climate variability   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Peter C. Chu 《Ocean Dynamics》2011,61(8):1189-1204

Observational data from the Global Temperature and Salinity Profile Program were used to calculate the upper ocean heat content (OHC) anomaly. The thickness of the upper layer is taken as 300 m for the Pacific/Atlantic Ocean and 150 m for the Indian Ocean since the Indian Ocean has shallower thermoclines. First, the optimal spectral decomposition scheme was used to build up monthly synoptic temperature and salinity dataset for January 1990 to December 2009 on 1° × 1° grids and the same 33 vertical levels as the World Ocean Atlas. Then, the monthly varying upper layer OHC field (H) was obtained. Second, a composite analysis was conducted to obtain the total-time mean OHC field ([`([`(H)])] \bar{\bar{H}} ) and the monthly mean OHC variability ( [(\textH)\tilde] \widetilde{\text{H}} ), which is found an order of magnitude smaller than [^(\textH)] \widehat{\text{H}} . Third, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method is conducted on the residue data ( [^(\textH)] \widehat{\text{H}} ), deviating from [(\textH)\tilde] \widetilde{\text{H}}  +  [(\textH)\tilde] \widetilde{\text{H}} , in order to obtain interannual variations of the OHC fields for the three oceans. In the Pacific Ocean, the first two EOF modes account for 51.46% and 13.71% of the variance, representing canonical El Nino/La Nina (EOF-1) and pseudo-El Nino/La Nina (i.e., El Nino Modoki; EOF-2) events. In the Indian Ocean, the first two EOF modes account for 24.27% and 20.94% of the variance, representing basin-scale cooling/warming (EOF-1) and Indian Ocean Dipole (EOF-2) events. In the Atlantic Ocean, the first EOF mode accounts for 49.26% of the variance, representing a basin-scale cooling/warming (EOF-1) event. The second EOF mode accounts for 8.83% of the variance. Different from the Pacific and Indian Oceans, there is no zonal dipole mode in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Fourth, evident lag correlation coefficients are found between the first principal component of the Pacific Ocean and the Southern Oscillation Index with a maximum correlation coefficient (0.68) at 1-month lead of the EOF-1 and between the second principal component of the Indian Ocean and the Dipole Mode Index with maximum values (around 0.53) at 1–2-month advance of the EOF-2. It implies that OHC anomaly contains climate variability signals.  相似文献   

基于pLSA和Topo-MRF模型的SAR图像分类算法研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘梦玲  何楚  苏鑫  孙洪 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2011,(1):122-125

针对大多数分类方法未能同时考虑图像与特征、类别与特征、类别与类别之间关系的问题,提出了一种基于潜在语义分析(pLSA)和拓扑马尔可夫随机场(Topo-MRF)模型的合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)图像的分类算法。实验结果证明了该算法的有效性。  相似文献   

Carbon and sulfur isotopic compositions of Early Cambrian black shales,NW Hunan,China: Implications for the Paleoceanographic sedimentary environment     

Dongsheng Ma  Shuanglin Cao  Jiayong Pan  Fei Xia  Chunyan Yao  Haifeng Ding 《中国地球化学学报》2011,30(3):332-345

In order to better understand the paleoceanographic sedimentary environment of the Lower Cambrian black shales extensively distributed in South China, outcropped along the present southern margin of the Yangtze Platform with a width of ca. 200-400 km and a length of more than 1500 km, we present new paired δ13C data on carbonates (δ13Ccarb) and associated organic carbon (δ13Corg) and δ34Spy data on sedimentary pyrite in black shales from three sections (Ganziping, Shancha and Xiaohekou) located in NW Hunan, China. In these sections, a total of 82 Lower Cambrian black shale samples have δ13Ccarb values ranging from -4.0‰ to 1.7‰ with an average value of -2.1‰, and δ13Corg values between -34.9‰ and -28.8‰, averaging -31.9‰. The ?34Spy values of 16 separated sedi-mentary pyrite samples from the black shales vary between +10.2‰ and +28.7‰ with an average value of +19.5‰, presenting a small isotope fractionation between seawater sulfate and sedimentary sulfide. The model calculation based on credible data from the paired analyses for δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg of 11 black shale samples shows a high CO2 concentration in the Early Cambrian atmosphere, about 20 times higher than pre-industrial revolution values, consis-tent with previous global predictions. The small sulfur isotope fractionation between seawater sulfate and sedimen-tary sulfide in black shales, only 15.5‰ on average, implies a low sulfate level in the Early Cambrian seawater around 1 mmol. In combination with a high degree of pyritization (DOP) in the black shales, it is suggested that sul-fidic deep-ocean water could have lingered up to the earliest Cambrian in this area. The black shale deposition is envisaged in a stratified marine basin, with a surface euphotic and oxygenated water layer and sulfidic deeper water, controlled by a continental margin rift.  相似文献   

草莓状黄铁矿与古海洋环境恢复     

常华进  储雪蕾 《地球科学进展》2011,26(5):475-481

草莓状黄铁矿是指由等粒度的亚微米级黄铁矿晶体或微晶体紧密堆积而成,形似草莓的黄铁矿球形集合体.它们在氧化和缺氧海洋环境中形成的机理不同,沉积岩中草莓状黄铁矿的粒径分布特征是恢复古海洋的氧化还原状态行之有效的方法之一.然而,草莓状黄铁矿粒径统计仅能区分出氧化和缺氧硫化的环境,不能进一步区分缺氧程度及状态(如次氧化、缺氧含...  相似文献   

俄罗斯碧玉的物质组成及颜色成因研究     

龙楚  李新岭  徐志  李雪明 《岩石矿物学杂志》2011,30(Z1):78-82

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱、紫外可见分光光谱、X射线粉晶衍射、X射线荧光分析、偏光显微镜下观察以及电子探针等测试方法,对目前市场上较常见的软玉品种——俄罗斯碧玉进行了分析测试,主要针对其物质组成及颜色成因进行了研究。结果表明俄罗斯碧玉主要由闪石族矿物组成,颜色较浅的碧玉主要矿物为透闪石,随着颜色加深,矿物过渡为阳起石。俄罗斯碧玉中含有少量碳酸盐矿物,俄罗斯碧玉中常见的黑色点状矿物包体为铬铁矿。俄罗斯碧玉的绿色主要是由于含铁所致,绿色的深浅主要由铬含量决定。  相似文献   

Experiments of the WRF three-/four-dimensional variational (3/4DVAR) data assimilation in the forecasting of Antarctic cyclones     

Kekuan Chu  Qingnong Xiao  Chengsi Liu 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2013,120(3-4):145-156

The three-/four-dimensional variational data assimilation systems (3/4DVAR) of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were explored in the forecasting of two Antarctic synoptic cyclones, which had large influence on the Ross Sea/Ross Ice Shelf region in October 2007. A suite of variational data assimilation experiments, including regular 3DVAR, high-resolution 3DVAR, and 4DVAR experiments, were designed to evaluate their performances in weather analysis and forecasting in Antarctica. In general, both 4DVAR and high-resolution 3DVAR experiments showed better forecasting skill than regular 3DVAR experiments. High-resolution 3DVAR experiments were the most efficient in reducing the analysis errors of surface winds and temperature, and had the best performance during the first 24 h of forecasting. However, during the following forecast period, 4DVAR experiments showed either better or about comparable performance to high-resolution 3DVAR experiments. These results indicate that increasing the spatial resolution during 3DVAR is an economical approach to improving the weather analysis and forecasting over Antarctica. At the same time, the 4DVAR approach had a longer impact on forecasting than the high-resolution 3DVAR approach. Understandably, both of the variational assimilation approaches are promising techniques toward improving the regional analysis and forecasting over Antarctica.  相似文献   

Response of Northern Hemisphere storm tracks to Indian-western Pacific Ocean warming in atmospheric general circulation models   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Cuijiao Chu  Xiu-Qun Yang  Xuejuan Ren  Tianjun Zhou 《Climate Dynamics》2013,40(5-6):1057-1070

With 40 years integration output of two atmospheric general circulation models (GAMIL/IAP and HadAM3/UKMO) forced with identical prescribed seasonally-varying sea surface temperature, this study examines the effect of the observed Indian-western Pacific Ocean (IWP) warming on the Northern Hemisphere storm tracks. Both models indicate that the observed IWP warming tends to cause both the North Pacific storm track (NPST) and the North Atlantic storm track (NAST) to move northward. Such a consistent effect on the two storm tracks is closely associated with the changes in the low-level atmospheric baroclinicity, high-level jet stream and upper-level geopotential height. The IWP warming can excite a wavelike circum-global teleconnection in the geopotential height that gives rise to an anticyclonic anomaly over the midlatitude North Pacific and a positive-phase NAO anomaly over the North Atlantic. These geopotential height anomalies tend to enhance upper-level zonal westerly winds north of the climatological jet axes and increase low-level baroclinicity and eddy growth rates, thus favoring transient eddy more active north of the climatological storm track axes, responsible for the northward shift of the both storm tracks. The IWP warming-induced northward shift of the NAST is quite similar to the observed, suggesting that the IWP warming can be one of the key factors to cause decadal northward shift of the NAST since the 1980s. However, the IWP warming-induced northward shift of the NPST is completely opposite to the observed, implying that the observed southward shift of the NPST since the 1980s would be primarily attributed to other reasons, although the IWP warming can have a cancelling effect against those reasons.  相似文献   

台风“莫拉克”影响期间浙江大风成因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹楚  王忠东  郑峰 《气象科技》2013,41(6):1109-1115

利用常规资料、浙江省自动站加密资料、NCEP/NCAR1°×1°每日4次再分析资料和多普勒天气雷达资料对2009年第8号台风“莫拉克”影响期间浙江大风的成因进行了分析。此次台风大风影响具有影响时间早、持续时间长、影响范围大和大风强度强的特点。副热带高压快速加强西进是造成台风大风提早出现的主要原因之一。鞍型场、3个台风相互影响使得“莫拉克”台风移速减慢,导致台风大风对浙江沿海的影响时间增长。“莫拉克”登陆福建后其西北侧华北高压以及东南侧海上高压的存在使得地面气压梯度维持,导致大风影响时间增长和影响范围增大。垂直方向环流将高层动量下传导致低层风速猛增。多普勒天气雷达径向速度产品VCP21进行速度退模糊后可以作为台风大风分布范围和极大风速预测的一个参考依据,预测时其在沿海海面效果要较内陆好。  相似文献