Ground-Water Model for a Thick Fresh-Water Lens   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Clark C. K. Liu  L. Stephen Lau  John F. Mink 《Ground water》1983,21(3):293-300

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A sunshine monitor for automatic registration of sunshine duration     

P. Lau 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1981,29(1-2):89-97

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Low-frequency time-space regimes in tropical convection   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hengyi Weng  K. -M. Lau 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1996,55(1-4):89-98

Summary The multi-scale time-space regimes of the low-frequency convective activity over the maritime continent and tropical western Pacific are investigated using the monthly infrared radiance black body temperature (IRTBB) over a latitude band of 5S–9S, 80E–160W for the time period of 1980–1993. The complex Morlet wavelet transform and the complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis are used. The zonal mean of the monthly IRTBB is dominated by the annual cycle which is influenced by a monsoon regime. An interannual signal around the time scale of 4.8-year and a decadal signal are obvious. In the zonal deviation, each CEOF represents a particular spatial regime; its corresponding principal component exhibits different multi-scale temporal behavior. The first leading component represents the variability due to large scale land-ocean distribution (the maritime continent, the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific) related to monsoon, with a dominant annual time scale. The second leading component represents the fluctuation of Walker circulation, associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events having a main time scale around 4.8-year and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) around 2.4-year. The third leading component represents the variability due to small-scale land-ocean distribution (Java, New Guinea and the surrounding seas), with a dominant annual time scale. The main time scales in all the components seem to be modulated by longer time scales in either amplitude or frequency or both.Different time scales, as well as their in-phase interference, may play different roles in developing an individual ENSO event. The 1982/1983 event is dominated by an enhanced QBO. The 1986/1987 event is dominated by an enhanced 4.8-year oscillation. The 1991 and 1993 events may have resulted from an in-phase interference among several interannual time scales, abnormal annual cycles, and also highfrequency variability.SAIC/General Sciences Corporation.With 6 Figures  相似文献   

Climatology　and　Interannual　Variability　of　the　Southeast　Asian　Summer　Monsoon   总被引：82，自引：0，他引：82  

K.-M. Lau  Song Yang 《大气科学进展》1997,14(2):141-162

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Theory and application of calibration techniques for an NDBC directional wave measurements buoy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Steele  K. Joseph Lau Yuan-Huang Hsu 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1985,10(4):382-396

The National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) deployed a 10-m-diameter discus-type hull in the Pacific Ocean some 185 km southwest of Los Angeles, California, in April 1984. Aboard this hull was an electronic system capable of acquiring, processing, and transmitting to shore directional wave measurements. For this system to produce accurate data, a number of factors had to be taken into account. These factors included noise, amplitude and phase alterations due to mechanical and electrical components, and magnetic fields arising from the hull. Comprehensive calibration and verification techniques were developed and applied to ensure data quality. The system configuration is described with emphasis on the methods used in the data processing to correct for the various factors. Examples of the resulting corrected data are given.  相似文献   

Wind environment in the Lee of Kauai Island,Hawaii during trade wind conditions: weather setting for the Helios Mishap     

John N. Porter  Duane Stevens  Kevin Roe  Sheldon Kono  David Kress  Eric Lau 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,123(3):463-480

On 26 June 2003 (approximately 1030 local time) the Helios ultralight aircraft broke apart off the west coast of Kauai Island, Hawaii as it was climbing out of the Kauai wind shadow. Following the aircraft mishap, a study was carried out to understand the conditions on the day of the crash and to better characterize the wind in the lee of Kauai. As part of this effort, both aircraft measurements and numerical modelling studies were carried out. Measurements and models showed the trade wind flow was enhanced around the island creating a region of wind shear surrounding the leeside calm zone. This wind shear region was found to be vertically oriented along the south side but tilted northward with height along the northern side of the calm zone. Several other factors on the day of the crash were investigated including water vapour gradients, diurnal Island heating, and gravity waves but their possible influences on the crash could not be confirmed. While the numerical model captured the general features of the Kauai leeside winds, the orientation of the calm zone was north of the observed one.  相似文献   

利用MODIS卫星和激光雷达遥感资料研究香港地区的一次大气气溶胶污染   总被引：18，自引：3，他引：18       下载免费PDF全文

李成才刘启汉  毛节泰陈爱忠 《应用气象学报》2004,15(6):641-650

利用MODIS可见光通道气溶胶光学厚度的卫星遥感和523 nm波长微脉冲激光雷达 (MPL LIDAR) 对气溶胶消光系数垂直分布的观测，分析了珠江三角洲地区2003年6月一次气溶胶污染过程中气溶胶光学厚度的分布特征、气溶胶消光系数廓线的演变，认为这次污染过程是弱高压控制下的区域性污染，而香港地区污染物浓度的上升与区域性输送有直接关系，结果表明卫星和激光雷达的光学遥感方法提供了研究大气污染的可行手段。  相似文献   

梅雨锋云带内α-中尺度对流系统周边水汽风的分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘启汉  陈受钧 《气象学报》2004,62(2):237-242

应用准静止卫星水汽图像导出的风 (简称为水汽风 )分析东亚梅雨锋云带内中尺度对流系统 (MCS)在对流层上层的流出通道。结果表明梅雨锋云带内MCS有二类流出通道。一类MCS在对流层上层呈现为一个中尺度反气旋。MCS的东部有一支中尺度高空急流 ,这支中尺度高空急流向东流出后转向南 ,流入 2 0°N附近的南亚东风急流内 ,是MCS在对流层上层的主要流出通道。另一类MCS发生在中纬度西风急流的南侧。中纬度西风与MCS南部的偏东北风构成一个反气旋环流带。MCS前方的流出通道 (中尺度高空急流 )是中纬度西风急流的一个中尺度分支。梅雨锋云带内垂直方向水平风速切变小于 1m/ (s·10 0hPa) ,垂直方向“不通风”有利于云带内MCS的维持。初步分析验证了以前数值模拟得到的中尺度高空急流及其流出通道。  相似文献   

MODIS卫星遥感北京地区气溶胶光学厚度及与地面光度计遥感的对比   总被引：63，自引：6，他引：63  

毛节泰  刘晓阳  李成才  刘启汉  张军华 《应用气象学报》2002,13(Z1):127-135

介绍MODIS卫星遥感气溶胶的方法,利用北京大学地面多波段太阳光度计的观测进行了对比,二者的相关性比较好.给出了描述北京地区气溶胶光学厚度分布的几幅图片.卫星遥感对于更好地研究空气污染提供了一种新手段,卫星遥感的气溶胶光学厚度弥补了地面观测空间覆盖不足的缺陷.卫星遥感的气溶胶资料不仅对全球和区域气候研究而且对城市污染分析提供了丰富的资料.  相似文献   

Features of ocean surface winds observed by the QuikSCAT satellite before tropical cyclogenesis over the South China Sea     

Lei Wang  Kai-Hon Lau  Chi-Hung Fung  Qinghong Zhang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(3):241-245

Ocean surface winds observed by the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite prior to the geneses of 36 tropical cy- clones (TCs) in the South China Sea (SCS) are investigated in this paper. The results show that there are areas with negative mean horizontal divergence around the TC genesis locations three days prior to TC formation. The divergence term [-(f ζ)( u/ x v/ y)] in the vorticity equation is calculated based upon the QuikSCAT ocean surface wind data. The calculated mean divergence term is about 10.3 times the mean relative vorticity increase rate around the TC genesis position one day prior to TC genesis, which shows the important contributions of the divergence term to the vorticity increase prior to TC formation. It is suggested that criteria related with the divergence and divergence term be applied in early detections of tropical cyclogenesis using the QuikSCAT satellite data.  相似文献