三层准地转斜压模式中的准常定波与平流层极涡形成，维持和演变的机制     

郭卫东  纪立人 《大气科学》1988,12(S1):176-190

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Petrology of spinel harzburgite xenoliths from the Kishb Plateau,Saudi Arabia     

Lung -Chuan Kuo  Eric J. Essene 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1986,93(3):335-346

Two spinel harzburgite xenoliths from a Pleistocene alkali basalt unit erupted at the northwestern corner of the Tertiary Kishb Plateau (Saudi Arabia) are characterized by an incipient transition from protogranular to porphyroclastic texture. Vermicular and interstitial spinels are closely associated with neoblasts of olivine, enstatite, and diopside. Sparse exsolution lamellae of high-Ca pyroxene occur in all the enstatite porphyroblasts. Olivine neoblasts are, in many cases, in contact with one another, with the triple grain junctions rarely approaching 120°. Chemical zoning is undetectable by microprobe in spinel and olivine, whereas zoning of Al in enstatite and diopside indicates that chemical equilibrium was not attained. Clear, palegreen glasses occur as veinlets about 10 microns or less in width along grain boundaries and cracks. Consistent counting rates for Na in these glasses were obtained only at 5 kV with a sample current of about 6 namps and counting time of less than 7 s. These glasses are chemically homogeneous and are characterized by relatively high contents of SiO₂ (55.8–58.7 wt%), Na₂O (6.4–7.6 wt%), and Al₂O₃ (20.0–21.6 wt%), with inferred volatile contents of less than 1 wt%. The glass is suggested to be of upper mantle origin rather than having developed from the host basalt or by decompressional melting upon ascent.Geothermometry and geobarometry indicate that the lithospheric upper mantle beneath the Arabian Shield had been locally heated to higher than 1,050° C during Miocene/ Pliocene, resulting in some degree of partial melting. Spinel was formed by reaction between aluminous pyroxenes and olivine during subsequent cooling, and intercrystalline Mg-Fe exchange reached a steady state at about 800° C. The geotherm beneath the Arabian Shield since Miocene is estimated to be somewhat lower than that representing the present oceanic upper mantle. The thermal history established is consistent with the tectonic history of the Red Sea area and indicates a two-stage magmatism in the Arabian Shield since Miocene.  相似文献   

Occurrence,chemistry, and origin of immiscible silicate glasses in a tholeiitic basalt: A TEM/AEM study     

Lung -Chuan Kuo  Jung H. Lee  Eric J. Essene  Donald R. Peacor 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1986,94(1):90-98

The occurrence and chemistry of immiscible silicate glasses in a tholeiite mesostasis from the Umtanum formation, Washington, were investigated with transmission electron microscopy and analytical electron microscopy (TEM/AEM). TEM observation reveals isolated, dark globules (2.1 micron or less in diameter) randomly distributed in a transparent matrix glass interstitial to plagioclase laths. The globules less than 0.3 micron and larger than 0.8 micron fall beyond the linear relationship defined by the 0.3–0.8 micron globules in a plot of the logarithm of number versus size. Large globules (0.7 micron or larger in diameter) range from homogeneous to heterogeneous in optical properties and chemistry. Homogeneous globules are completely glassy, whereas heterogeneous globules contain crystalline domains. AEM analyses show that the globules have high Si, Fe, Ca, and Ti with subordinate Mg, Al, P, S, Cl, K, and Mn, which gives high normative fa, px, il, and ap. The matrix glass consists dominantly of Si with low Al and minor Na and K, yielding a high normative qz, or, ab, and an.It is proposed that the silicate liquid immiscibility occurs by reaction of network-modifying cations (NMCs) with dominantly chain-like anionic units in the parental melt to form less polymerized, NMC-bearing units and highly polymerized, Si-rich units. The globules nucleated metastably under supercooled conditions, and medium-size globules become either larger or smaller at lower temperatures. Internal nucleation of NMC-rich phases occurred in some larger globules upon cooling.  相似文献   

Hypoxia and salinity in Virginia estuaries     

Albert Y. Kuo  Bruce J. Neilson 《Estuaries and Coasts》1987,10(4):277-283

Hypoxia, periods of reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations, has been observed not only in the Chesapeake Bay but also in the deeper waters of the Virginia estuaries that are tributaries to the Chesapeake Bay. When water temperature exceeded 20°C, minimum oxygen concentrations were observed to be <50% of saturation concentrations in 75%, 50% and 2% of the surveys in the estuaries of the Rappahannock, York and James rivers, respectively. The observation that hypoxia rarely occurred in the James River is surprising, given the fact that it receives the greatest amount of wastewater. Analysis of the oxygen budgets in these estuaries indicates that the variations in the frequency, duration, and severity of hypoxia are related to the net movement of bottom waters. This relationship has significant implications for the management of water quality and marine fisheries.  相似文献   

The influence of microcrack density on the elastic and fracture mechanical properties of Stripa granite   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ove Alm  Lise-Lotte Jaktlund  Kuo Shaoquan 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1985,40(3):161-179

Microcracks can have a strong influence on the elastic and fracture mechanical properties of rocks if they are numerous, or if they are orientated in unfavourable directions in anisotropic rocks in particular. This paper presents results from a great number of mechanical tests on Stripa granite containing various amounts of microcracks. Variations in the microcrack density were obtained by shock-heating the rock at different temperatures in the range 100–600°C for 3 h.The results presented are obtained from sound velocity measurements, uniaxial compression tests, Brazilian tests and three-point bending tests. The density of microcracks in the heated rock is studied by means of optical microscopy, SEM and differential strain analysis (DSA).Some of the calculated parameters show a maximum value for specimens heat-treated at about 100°C. The tensile strength is, for instance, substantially higher for specimens shock-heated at 100°C than for non-heated ones. Another striking feature is the initial decrease of the diameter observed in specimens heat-treated at 600°C when loaded in uniaxial compression. Both optical microscopy and DSA experiments reveal a large increase in microcracking when the heat-treatment temperature exceeds 300°C.  相似文献   

Earthquake epicentroids in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan-Zhangjiakou region inversed by gravity variation data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑金涵  宋胜合  刘克人  卢红艳  郭宗汾 《地震学报(英文版)》2003,16(4):449-458

Introduction Since the 1960s, gravity changes associated with seismogenesis and earthquake occurrences have been found by many researchers and various physical mechanisms have been proposed to explain these relationship (MEI, 1993; Chen, et al, 1979; Li, Fu, 1983). The US/China joint project beginning in 1981 presented a thorough study of the relationship between gravity variations and earthquake occurrences in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan-Zhangjiakou (BTTZ) region, leading to a combined…  相似文献   

深源成矿物质与深部找矿分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张阔  赵闯  牛树银  孙爱群  王宝德  闫军印 《吉林地质》2008,27(4)

本文认为金银铅锌等成矿物质主要来自核—幔源区,通过地幔热柱多级演化迁移到地壳上部,在较好的构造扩容带中集聚成矿,而围岩萃取的成矿物质较为有限,不应花费很大精力去寻找所谓矿源层,而要侧重研究构造成矿控矿作用,对新一轮地质找矿和资源评价,特别是一些老矿山的深部、外围找矿有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

UKF的改进算法及其在伪卫星定位中的应用     

LI Xue-peng  ZHANG You-qun  BAO Kuo 《测绘学院学报》2008,(2)

首先介绍了伪卫星导航系统的观测方程和动力学模型方程。然后,分析了基于UT变换的UKF算法,针对该算法存在的问题,结合迭代滤波思想和抗差估计原理提出了一种新的抗差UKF算法。并与EKF和UKF算法进行了比较。计算结果表明,该算法不仅可以提高滤波器的精度,而且能够更有效地控制观测异常对导航解的影响,使导航解更能反映导航系统的真实情况。  相似文献   

Modeling of the strong ground motion of 25th April 2015 Nepal earthquake using modified semi-empirical technique     

Sohan Lal  A. Joshi  Sandeep  Monu Tomer  Parveen Kumar  Chun-Hsiang Kuo  Che-Min Lin  Kuo-Liang Wen  M. L. Sharma 《Acta Geophysica》2018,66(4):461-477

On 25th April, 2015 a hazardous earthquake of moment magnitude 7.9 occurred in Nepal. Accelerographs were used to record the Nepal earthquake which is installed in the Kumaon region in the Himalayan state of Uttrakhand. The distance of the recorded stations in the Kumaon region from the epicenter of the earthquake is about 420–515 km. Modified semi-empirical technique of modeling finite faults has been used in this paper to simulate strong earthquake at these stations. Source parameters of the Nepal aftershock have been also calculated using the Brune model in the present study which are used in the modeling of the Nepal main shock. The obtained value of the seismic moment and stress drop is 8.26 × 10²⁵ dyn cm and 10.48 bar, respectively, for the aftershock from the Brune model .The simulated earthquake time series were compared with the observed records of the earthquake. The comparison of full waveform and its response spectra has been made to finalize the rupture parameters and its location. The rupture of the earthquake was propagated in the NE–SW direction from the hypocenter with the rupture velocity 3.0 km/s from a distance of 80 km from Kathmandu in NW direction at a depth of 12 km as per compared results.  相似文献   

基于InSAR的城市地下轨道交通沉降与灾害监测     

邱亚辉  别伟平  薄志毅  李长青  郑阔  郎博 《测绘通报》2020,(2):107-112

城市地铁建设会对邻域造成地质环境损伤,甚至发生灾变。传统基于点位测量的方法在实际应用过程中存在野外作业周期长、受天气影响及耗费大量人力物力等缺点。因此,本文基于城市地下轨道交通安全施工中的应用需求,以天津市地铁五号线为例,利用27景TerraSAR数据和PS-InSAR时序监测方法,对地下轨道交通地铁站和隧道施工影响进行了监测和评估。结果表明,PS-InSAR能在施工期间监测到地铁线及周边的形变,有利于城市轨道交通全生命健康监测。  相似文献