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11.
We describe a microprocessor-based data capture and display system suited to the needs of many Spacelab experimenters. Although developed specifically for the needs of the FAUST ultraviolet astronomy telescope, several features of the system may make it attractive to other groups who need to interact with their Spacelab data in real or near-real time. The display system captures data from the serial data stream originating in the Spacelab experiment computer input/output (ECIO) data channel, and can reformat and display several hundred variables per second in real time. The system offers a combination of Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) display and analog paper strip-chart output. A facility is also provided for simultaneously creating floppy-disk records of short segments of data according to prearranged criteria, to allow detailed examination of critical events in the operation of the experiment. The simplicity, economy, reliability, and flexibility of the display system suggest its use for monitoring a variety of low- and medium-data-rate Spacelab experiments. 相似文献
12.
Models of natural and human dynamics in forest landscapes: Cross-site and cross-cultural synthesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Miguel F. Acevedo J. Baird Callicott Donald Lyons Judith Rosales Magdiel Ablan Giorgio Tonella Emilio Vilanova 《Geoforum》2008,39(2):846-866
We synthesize the study of coupled natural and human systems across sites and cultures through a process of simplification and abstraction based on multiple dimensions of human-nature connectedness: satisfaction of basic needs, psycho-cultural connectedness and regulation of use of natural resources. We thus provide both a place-based and general understanding of value-driven anthropogenic environmental change and response. Two questions guide this research: what are the crucial stakeholder values that drive land use decisions and thus land cover change? And how can knowledge of these values be used to make decisions and policies that sustain both the human and natural systems in a place? To explore these questions we build simulation models of four study sites, two in the State of Texas, United States, and two in Venezuela. All include protected areas, though they differ in the specifics of vegetation and land use. In the Texas sites, relatively affluent individuals are legally converting forests to residential, commercial, and industrial uses, while in Venezuela landless settlers are extra-legally converting forests for purposes of subsistence agriculture. Contemporary modeling techniques now facilitate simulations of stakeholder and ecosystem dynamics revealing emergent patterns. Such coupled human and natural systems are currently recognized as a form of biocomplexity. Our modeling framework is flexible enough to allow adaptation to each of the study sites, capturing the essential features of the respective natural and anthropogenic land use changes and stakeholder reactions. The interactions between human stakeholders are simulated using multi-agent models that act on forest landscape models, and receive feedback of the effects of these actions on ecological habitats and hydrological response. The multi-agent models employ a formal logic-based method for the Venezuelan sites and a decision analysis approach using multi-attribute utility functions for the Texas sites, differing more in style and emphasis than in substance. Our natural-systems models are generic and can be tailored according to site-specific conditions. Similar models of tree growth and patch transitions are used for all the study sites and the differing responses to environmental variables are specified for each local species and terrain conditions. 相似文献
13.
Stephan Lowitzer Dan J. Wilson Björn Winkler Victor Milman Julian D. Gale 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2008,35(3):129-135
Knowledge of the defect properties of Lunar and Mercurian minerals has recently become important, with the advent of models
which attempt to explain the formation of the thin exosphere of these celestial bodies. Here, we have calculated the formation
energies of sodium and oxygen vacancies in the mineral albite (NaAlSi3O8), as well as the Schottky defect energy for the removal of a Na2O unit. We have employed both the supercell and Mott–Littleton approaches, using Kohn–Sham density functional theory and classical
interatomic potential methods. As well as reporting the defect energies and structures, we comment upon the relative merits
of the methods used. 相似文献
14.
浙西南淡竹花岗闪长岩中锆石的成因研究及其地质意义 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
本文对浙西南地区淡竹花岗闪长岩中的锆石群进行了形态学、地球化学和年代学的系统研究。研究结果表明, 该花岗闪长岩中存在两种不同类型的锆石: 岩浆锆石和变质锆石。前者为自形—半自形的长柱状晶体, 无色透明, 富含岩浆和矿物包裹体, 其背散射电子图像 (BSE图像) 显示出均匀的内部构造 (少数具有韵律环带构造), 其晶型指数落在钙碱性系列花岗闪长岩的范围内; 后者大多数以增生边的形式围绕岩浆锆石生长, 极少量呈他形的粒状晶体, 呈黄褐色—半透明, 其BSE图像亦呈现均匀的内部构造。这两类锆石在化学成分上有较大的差异, 表现为岩浆锆石比变质锆石明显地富U、Th、Y等阳离子置换元素。锆石LAICPMS UPb定年分析结果表明, 岩浆锆石和变质锆石分别形成于1875±33 Ma和209±12 Ma两个不同的时代, 为浙闽运动和印支运动在浙西南地区的表现提供了有力的客观证据。 相似文献
15.
16.
The source and significance of two nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorous, were investigated by a modified dilution method performed on seawater samples from the Jiaozhou Bay, in autumn 2004. This modified dilution method accounted for the phytoplankton growth rate, microzooplankton grazing mortality rate, the internal and external nutrient pools, as well as nutrient supplied through remineralization by microzooplankton. The results indicated that the phytoplankton net growth rate increased in turn from inside the bay, to outside the bay, to in the Xiaogang Harbor. The phytoplankton maximum growth rates and microzooplankton grazing mortality rates were 1.14 and 0.92 d-1 outside the bay, 0.42 and 0.32 d-1 inside the bay and 0.98 and 0.62 d-1 in the harbor respectively. Outside the bay, the remineralized nitrogen (Kr=24.49) had heavy influence on the growth of the phytoplankton. Inside the bay, the remineralized phosphorus(Kr=3.49) strongly affected the phytoplankton growth. In the harbor, the remineralized phosphorus (Kr=3.73) was in larger demand by phytoplankton growth. The results demonstrated that the different nutrients pools supplied for phytoplankton growth were greatly in accordance with the phytoplankton community structure, microzooplankton grazing mortality rates and environmental conditions. It is revealed that nutrient remineralization is much more important for the phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay than previously believed. 相似文献
17.
Recruitment patterns of Serpula vermicularis L. (Polychaeta, Serpulidae) in Loch Creran, Scotland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nicola D. Chapman Colin G. Moore Dan B. Harries Alastair R. Lyndon 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,73(3-4):598-606
This study aimed to contribute to conservation management of reefs of Serpula vermicularis by increasing understanding of the factors influencing larval settlement. The study was carried out in Loch Creran, which supports the most extensive known development of S. vermicularis reefs in the world. Settlement plates were deployed to examine the influence of season, depth, reef density, substrate type and orientation. Monthly deployment of plates revealed settlement of S. vermicularis to occur predominantly from mid-June to mid-October, peaking in late August to early September. Settlement of Pomatoceros spp. peaked much earlier, in late May to early June. Deployment of plates at different depths revealed a marked reduction in S. vermicularis settlement intensity between 6 and 12 m. As this corresponds with the deeper limit of the peripheral fringe of serpulid reefs in the loch, it is suggested that this limit is imposed by a depth-correlated settlement response, rather than reduction in available substrata. Comparisons of various substrata showed a preference by S. vermicularis larvae for a slate over a scallop substrate and no evidence of enhanced recruitment to occupied or unoccupied tubes of S. vermicularis, suggesting that gregarious attraction is unlikely to be a factor causing reef formation. Settlement onto the upper side of a horizontal scallop substrate was found to be insignificant in comparison with the underside or a vertically orientated scallop. Evidence for the role of light in controlling the depth and substrate-orientation preferences of S. vermicularis larvae is discussed. Based on the results of this study, recommendations are made regarding remediation of areas suffering reef damage. 相似文献
18.
离子色谱分析在黄土和粉尘研究中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
黄土中存在着大量的碱金属及碱土金属,以往的测试方法多为原子吸收和ICP—MS,离子色谱法在测试黄土样品的碱金属和碱土金属元素含量中应用不多。将黄土地质标准样品进行消解后用离子色谱进行测试,测试效果良好,重复测试的相对标准偏差小于5%,与推荐值的相对误差小于5%,准确度和精密度符舍相关的质量控制要求。本实验方法测试的离子含量都在仪器响应呈线性的最佳测试范围之内,标准曲线经回归后相关系数均达到0.9999。黄土样品的分析结果与粉尘气溶胶样品的离子分析结果对比表明,此方法对于探讨粉尘起源以及沙尘暴天气的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
19.
20.
The goal of this study is to estimate the efficiency of dewatering operations in Alassio Beach, north Italy by following an integrated approach which included beach volume calculations, daily mapping of the shoreline position, examination of specific beach widening events and daily comparisons of morphodynamic characteristics of the drained beach versus a control section which included wave run-up, bar patterns, rip migration, evolution of the berm and cusp morphology. 相似文献