Distribution d'un élément trace (Cr) dans un sol développé sur roches métamorphiques : variabilité à l'échelle d'un versantDistribution of chromium in soils developed into metamorphic rocks: variability at the hillslope scale     

Sébastien Salvador-Blanes  Sophie Cornu  Dominique King 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(1):51-58

The influence of pedogenetic factors onto spatial variability of chromium in soil surface horizon was studied in a metamorphic area (Massif Central, France) at the hillside scale. A grid survey was performed. Surface soil horizons were sampled at each point and analysed in Cr. Results show the determinant influence of the rock type on Cr content distribution along the slope. However, surface horizons of these soils exhibit a lower Cr content heterogeneity than the deeper horizons. This was explained by soils' material erosion and deposition along the slope. Tillage and hedges also influence the Cr distribution in surface horizon along the slope. To cite this article: S. Salvador-Blanes et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 51–58  相似文献   

Smooth Particle Lensing     

Dominique Aubert  Adam Amara  R. Benton Metcalf 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,376(1):113-124

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The planktonic food web of the Bizerte lagoon (south-western Mediterranean) during summer: I. Spatial distribution under different anthropogenic pressures     

Asma Sakka Hlaili  Boutheina Grami  Nathalie Niquil  Michel Gosselin  Dominique Hamel  Marc Troussellier  Hassine Hadj Mabrouk 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

The structure and the trophic interactions of the planktonic food web were investigated during summer 2004 in a coastal lagoon of south-western Mediterranean Sea. Biomasses of planktonic components as well as bacterial and phytoplankton production and grazing by microzooplankton were quantified at four stations (MA, MB, MJ and R) inside the lagoon. Station MA was impacted by urban discharge, station MB was influenced by industrial activity, station MJ was located in a shellfish farming sector, while station R represented the lagoon central area. Biomasses and production rates of bacteria (7–33 mg C m⁻³; 17.5–35 mg C m⁻³ d⁻¹) and phytoplankton (80–299 mg C m⁻³; 34–210 mg C m⁻³ d⁻¹) showed high values at station MJ, where substantial concentrations of nutrients (NO₃⁻ and Si(OH)₄) were found. Microphytoplankton, which dominated the total algal biomass and production (>82%), were characterized by the proliferation of several chain-forming diatoms. Microzooplankton was mainly composed of dinoflagellates (Torodinium, Protoperidinium and Dinophysis) and aloricate (Lohmaniellea and Strombidium) and tintinnid (Tintinnopsis, Tintinnus, Favella and Eutintinnus) ciliates. Higher biomass of these protozoa (359 mg C m⁻³) was observed at station MB, where large tintinnids were encountered. Mesozooplankton mainly represented by Calanoida (Acartia, Temora, Calanus, Eucalanus, Paracalanus and Centropages) and Cyclopoida (Oithona) copepods, exhibited higher and lower biomasses at stations MA/MJ and MB, respectively. Bacterivory represented only 35% of bacterial production at stations MB and R, but higher fractions (65–70%) were observed at stations MA and MJ. Small heterotrophic flagellates and aloricate ciliates seemed to be the main controllers of bacteria. Pico- and nanophytoplankton represented a significant alternative carbon pool for micrograzers, which grazing represented 67–90% of pico- and nano-algal production in all stations. Microzooplankton has, however, a relatively low impact on microphytoplankton, as ≤45% of microalgal production was consumed in all stations. This implies that an important fraction of diatom production would be channelled by herbivorous meso-grazers to higher consumers at stations MA and MJ where copepods were numerous. Most of the microalgal production would, however, sink particularly at station MB where copepods were scare. These different trophic interactions suggest different food web structures between stations. A multivorous food web seemed to prevail in stations MJ and MA, whereas microbial web was dominant in the other stations.  相似文献   

Incorporating variable source area hydrology into a curve-number-based watershed model     

Elliot M. Schneiderman  Tammo S. Steenhuis  Dominique J. Thongs  Zachary M. Easton  Mark S. Zion  Andrew L. Neal  Guillermo F. Mendoza  M. Todd Walter 《水文研究》2007,21(25):3420-3430

Many water quality models use some form of the curve number (CN) equation developed by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS; U.S. Depart of Agriculture) to predict storm runoff from watersheds based on an infiltration-excess response to rainfall. However, in humid, well-vegetated areas with shallow soils, such as in the northeastern USA, the predominant runoff generating mechanism is saturation-excess on variable source areas (VSAs). We reconceptualized the SCS–CN equation for VSAs, and incorporated it into the General Watershed Loading Function (GWLF) model. The new version of GWLF, named the Variable Source Loading Function (VSLF) model, simulates the watershed runoff response to rainfall using the standard SCS–CN equation, but spatially distributes the runoff response according to a soil wetness index. We spatially validated VSLF runoff predictions and compared VSLF to GWLF for a subwatershed of the New York City Water Supply System. The spatial distribution of runoff from VSLF is more physically realistic than the estimates from GWLF. This has important consequences for water quality modeling, and for the use of models to evaluate and guide watershed management, because correctly predicting the coincidence of runoff generation and pollutant sources is critical to simulating non-point source (NPS) pollution transported by runoff. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

伊犁北部博罗霍努岩体年代学和地球化学研究及其大地构造意义   总被引：3，自引：8，他引：3  

王博  舒良树Dominique CLUZEL Michel FAURE Jacques CHARVET 《岩石学报》2007,23(8):1885-1900

博罗霍努岩体是发育在新疆伊犁北部的一个大型海西期花岗岩体,总体沿近 SE—NW 向分布,出露面积逾2000km~2。该岩体主要包括三类花岗岩:灰黑色辉石闪长岩、浅色黑云母花岗岩和紫红色黑云母钾长花岗岩。锆石 U—Pb La-ICP-MS 定年表明,辉石闪长岩的年龄为301±7Ma,黑云母花岗岩的年龄范围为294±7～285±7Ma,而黑云母钾长花岗岩则形成于280±5～266±6Ma。岩石地球化学分析显示,黑云母花岗岩和钾长花岗岩以准铝或弱过铝Ⅰ型花岗岩为主,个别属于弱过铝 S 型花岗岩。在微量元素方面,这些花岗岩均富集轻稀土而亏损重稀土,但来自两个剖面的花岗岩具有不同的稀土元素配分模式,可能代表它们的岩浆源区有所不同,因此需要进一步对这些花岗岩进行同位素地质学研究。相对于洋脊花岗岩而言,博罗霍努岩体的花岗岩明显富集 K,Rb,Ba 和 Th,同时,显著亏损 Nb,Ta,Y 和 Yh。以上地球化学特征及微量元素判别图表明,这些花岗岩类形成于俯冲有关的火山岛弧环境。结合伊犁及邻区岩浆岩的特征及其时代,可以认为博罗霍努岩体的形成与天山北部洋壳向南的俯冲造山作用有关。西天山北部俯冲造山作用最终在中二叠世结束,并在中一晚二叠世进入陆内造山和伸展拉张阶段。  相似文献   

U–Pb zircon dating of post-obduction volcanic-arc granitoids and a granulite-facies xenolith from New Caledonia. Inference on Southwest Pacific geodynamic models     

Jean-Louis Paquette  Dominique Cluzel 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(4):613-622

In New Caledonia, the occurrence of one of the World’s largest and best-exposed subduction/obduction complex is a key point for the understanding of the geodynamic evolution of the whole Southwest Pacific region. Within the ophiolite, pre-and post-obduction granitoids intrude the ultramafic allochthon and provide new time constraints for the understanding of obduction processes. At 27.4 Ma, a new East-dipping subduction generated the active margin magmatism along the western coast of the island (Saint-Louis massif). At 24.3 Ma, the eastward shift of the magma activity and slightly different geochemical features (Koum-Borindi massif) was either related to the older slab break-off; or alternatively, due to the eastward migration of the mantle wedge following the collision of the eastern margin of the Low Howe rise. Finally, the occurrence of a granulite-facies xenolith in the Koum-Borindi massif with comparable 24.5 Ma U–Pb zircon age and isotopic features (initial ε_Nd = 5.1) suggests that these evolved magmas were generated within the lithospheric mantle beneath a continental crust of normal thickness. Geochronological evidence for continuous convergence during the Oligocene infers an East-dipping Eocene-Oligocene subduction/obduction system to have existed in the Southwest Pacific from the d’Entrecasteaux zone to the North Island of New Zealand.  相似文献   

Impact of surface heterogeneity on a buoyancy-driven convective boundary layer in light winds     

Dominique Courault  Philippe Drobinski  Yves Brunet  Pierre Lacarrere  Charles Talbot 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,124(3):383-403

Land-use practices such as deforestation or agricultural management may affect regional climate, ecosystems and water resources. The present study investigates the impact of surface heterogeneity on the behaviour of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), at a typical spatial scale of 1 km. Large-eddy simulations, using an interactive soil–vegetation–atmosphere surface scheme, are performed to document the structure of the three-dimensional flow, as driven by buoyancy forces, over patchy terrain with different surface characteristics (roughness, soil moisture, temperature) on each individual patch. The patchy terrain consists of striped and chessboard patterns. The results show that the ABL strongly responds to the spatial configuration of surface heterogeneities. The stripe configuration made of two patches with different soil moisture contents generates the development of a quasi- two-dimensional inland breeze, whereas a three-dimensional divergent flow is induced by chessboard patterns. The feedback of such small-scale atmospheric circulations on the surface fluxes appears to be highly non-linear. The surface sensible and latent heat fluxes averaged over the 25-km² domain may vary by 5% with respect to the patch arrangement.  相似文献   

Quantification of Hydrophone Records of the 2004 Sumatra Tsunami     

Emile A. Okal  Jacques Talandier  Dominique Reymond 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(2-3):309-323

The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami was recorded by hydrophones of the International Monitoring System at Site H08 near Diego Garcia, notably in frequency bands extending outside the range of the Shallow Water Approximation. Despite the severe high-pass filtering involved in this instrumentation, we show that the spectral amplitudes recovered around T = 87 s can be successfully explained by generation from the seismic source, in the framework of the normal mode theory of tsunami excitation. At the lower frequencies characteristic of more conventional tsunami waves (800 to 3200 s), the signal is probably present in the hydrophone records, but reliable deconvolution of its spectral amplitude is precluded by the fact that the instrumental filters lowered the tsunami signal to the level of resolution of the instrument digitizer. In the context of distant tsunami warning, hydrophone records could provide useful insight into high-frequency tsunami components, and even at lower, more conventional, frequencies, provided that an unfiltered channel could be recorded routinely.  相似文献   

Observations of Rotating Jets of Carbon Monoxide in Comet Hale–Bopp with the Iram Interferometer     

Henry  Florence  Bockelée-Morvan  Dominique  Crovisier  Jacques  Wink  Jörn 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2002,90(1-4):57-60

CO was observed on March 11, 1997 in comet Hale–Bopp with theIRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer. The maps show evidence for asymmetrical patterns, due to the Existence of CO jets. Analysis of the spectra and their velocity shifts shows that there is a spiral CO jet rotating in a plane almost perpendicular to the sky plane.This is the first time that rotating jets are observed for parent molecules.We have developed a 3-D model simulating rotating spiral jets of CO gas.We present here the comparison between the observations and our model.  相似文献   

Apport des marqueurs isotopiques et biogéochimiques dans la reconstitution du paléoenvironnement de la grotte du Lazaret (Nice,Alpes-Maritimes) au cours du Pléistocène supérieur (stade isotopique 5)     

Louis Rousseau  Jacques Beauchamp  Christophe Falguères  Christophe Emblanch  Dominique Genty  Jean-Jacques Bahain  Dominique Blamart 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(15):1348-1354

The isotopic composition of calcite from the stalagmitic floor E of the Lazaret Cave is interpreted as proxy of atmospheric circulation and vegetal cover changes during IOS 5. The ${\delta }^{18}\mathrm{O}$ variations could indicate change in precipitation sources, which could originate from the Mediterranean Sea during warm periods and from the Atlantic Ocean during colder periods. The ${\delta }^{13}\mathrm{C}$ variations could be related to vegetal cover and soil type. Tree cover appears to be dominant according to pollen spectra, and organic molecules trapped into calcite (sterols, terpenoids, humic acids). To cite this article: L. Rousseau et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).  相似文献