Geologic Characteristics of Gas Reservoirs in West Sichuan Foreland Basin   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

YANG Keming 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(6):1244-1252

The foreland basin in West Sichuan is a tectonic unit that has undergone multi-periods tectonic movements of Indosinian-Yanshanian-Himalayan. Since late Triassic, it has been in a passive subsidence environment controlled by basin margin mountain systems and by the compression with abundant sediment sources. With the complex geologic setting, the main geologic characteristics of natural gas reservoir are listed as following： （1） Source rocks are coal-bearing mud and shale series with high to over maturity, and long and progressive hydrocarbon generation-displacement period. The key accumulation period is middle-late Yanshanian epoch. （2） There are three gas-bearing systems vertically, each of which has different reservoir mechanism, main-controlled factors and distribution law, so the exploration thoughts and techniques are also different. （3） Undergoing multi-period generation-migration-accumulation, oil and gas have encountered multi-period modification or destruction, and gas accumulation overpass multiple tectonic periods. So the trap type is complicated and dominated by combination traps. Because the main accumulation period of natural gas is early and the reservoir encountered the modification of strong Himalayan movement, there is great difference in the fullness degree of gas reservoirs and complicated gas-water relation. （4） Reservoir is tight to very tight, but reservoirs of relatively high quality developed under the super tight setting. （5） The key techniques for oil and gas exploration in west Sichuan foreland basin are the prediction of relatively favorable reservoirs, fractures and gas bearing; and the key techniques for oil and gas development are how to improve the penetration rate, reservoir protection and modification.  相似文献   

Stratigraphy of southeastern flanks of Raichikhinsk brown coal field （Zeya-Bureya sedimentary basin）     

Tat＇yanaV.Kezina 《东北亚地学研究》2004,7(2):110-119

The results of the palynologic and paleobotanic analyses have allowed determining the Paleocene (including Danian) and Eocene deposits in the series of coal-bearing sediments of southeastern flanks of the Raichikhinsk brown coal field. Their age was corroborated by the palynologic and paleobotanic data. The detailed biostartigraphic data were obtained in the area““ Pioneer““ for the first time. The coal-bearing strata were correlated with those from the sections of the Arkhara-Boguchan brown coal field and the stratotype of the Tsagajan Formation of the Bureya Belogor‘ye.  相似文献   

The effects of altered freshwater inflows on catch rates of non-estuarine-dependent fish in a multispecies nearshore linefishery     

Stephen J. Lamberth  Laurent Drapeau  George M. Branch 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(4):527-538

In KwaZulu-Natal on the east coast of South Africa, the commercial and recreational boat-based linefishery is the largest fishery accounting for 1235 t (40%) of the total landed mass there. In particular, the Thukela Banks are where most fishing takes place. Numerous developments ranging from dams to inter-basin transfer schemes either exist or have been proposed for the Thukela River, which is the largest of 17 catchments entering the sea in the region and provides over 40% of the mean annual runoff. Exploratory analyses of the relationships between monthly flows and catch-per-unit-effort were performed using spectral analysis and general linear models on a data set comprising 17 years of monthly commercial catch-and-effort data for 140 species and monthly flow data from 17 catchments. Catchments having a significant influence on catches were those providing the bulk of the runoff volume (75%) reaching the sea. Significant relationships existed between flow and the catches of 14 species, which provided over 90% of the total linefish catch on the Thukela Banks. Time lags between flow events (wet and drought periods) and changes in catch-per-unit-effort corresponded in many cases to age at 50% maturity and/or age-at-first-capture of the species concerned. Under a future maximum-development scenario, corresponding to a 44% reduction in flow from the Thukela River, catches of slinger Chrysoblephus puniceus and squaretail kob Argyrosomus thorpei are forecast to decline by 36% and 28% respectively. These two species currently provide over 50% of the landed mass on the Thukela Banks. Some species should respond positively to a reduction in flow, but any increases in their catches will be negligible, falling within natural variability, and will be insufficient to offset losses of other species because their abundance is naturally low or has been fished down to low levels. National legislation requires that sufficient freshwater flows be set aside to protect ecosystems, so these findings have important management implications, as marine needs for freshwater flows have not previously been addressed.  相似文献   

Discussion: Implications of a downward‐facing fold in the Bathurst Granite contact aureole,Hill End synclinorial zone,New South Wales     

C. D. Branch 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3-4)

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The emplacement of acid magma in the epizone,and the relationship with ignimbrites,in North Queensland,Australia     

C. D. Branch 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1963,25(1):47-60

There is an aggregate outcrop of 12,000 square miles of Permian-Triassic acid igneous rocks inland from Cairns and Townsville, North Queensland. The rocks consist of ignimbrite and rhyolite, which are structurally and magmatically related to three high-level intrusions the Herbert River, Esmeralda, and Elizabeth Creek Granites. Most of the igneous rocks intrude the Precambrian Georgetown Inlier, but some of them intrude along a fractured zone on the junction of the Inlier and the shelf zone of the adjacent Palaeozoic Tasman Geosyncline. The Upper Palaeozoic — Triassic igneous period consists of two main epochs, both consisting of granite, ignimbrite, and rhyolite. In both epochs granite intrudes the comagmatic and coeval ignimbrite and rhyolite. Rapid horizontal movement of granitic magma through the epizone and major fracturing of the crust are postulated to explain the widespread intrusion of the granite. The granitic magma was probably initially generated 5 miles below the surface of the crust by partial melting of the sediments at the base of the Tasman Geosyncline. Epeirogenic movement in the Precambrian Inlier area formed sheet-like fractures, which provided channels for rapid horizontal movement of the granitic magma. This magma was emplaced along the fractured marginal zone of the Inlier to form a thick sill-like body of granite — the Herbert River Granite — in the first epoch. Magma for the second epoch was derived from melting of the lower part of the granite of the first epoch. Renewed fracturing of the Inlier area formed cauldron subsidence areas and rift, which were quicly filled with rhyolite and ignimbrite. In these collapsed areas the granitic magma crystallized as the Elizabeth Creek and Esmeralda Granites under an insulating cover of about 1,000 feet of rhyolite and ignimbrite.  相似文献   

Carbon deflagration models for type-I supernovae and theoretical optical spectra     

Ken'Ichi Nomoto  Friedrich-K. Thielemann  Koichi Yokoi  David Branch 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1986,118(1-2):305-309

A carbon deflagration model in the accreting C+O white dwarf is presented as a plausible model for type-I supernovae (SN I). The evolution of the white dwarf is calculated from the beginning of accretion through complete disruption. The propagation of a carbon deflagration wave from center to the surface and associated nucleosynthesis are calculated. About 0.6M ⁵⁶Ni and substantial amounts of Ca, Ar, S, Si, Mg, and O are synthesized.The synthetic spectrum at maximum light for this carbon deflagration model is calculated and compared to the observed spectrum of SN 1981b in NGC 4536 at maximum light. If the radial stratification of composition in the outer layers of the model is removed by mixing, the theoretical spectrum is in good agreement with the observed spectrum.Paper presented at the IAU Third Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting, held in Kyoto, Japan, between 30 September–6 October, 1984.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地库车坳陷下侏罗统砂岩储层性质的控制因素   总被引：24，自引：1，他引：24       下载免费PDF全文

寿建峰  皮学军等 《地质论评》2001,47(3):272-277

通过对4口钻井，4条地表剖面的地层沉积详细描述及相应的3000余块储层浅钻样品和近万个岩矿分析测试数据等翔实资料的分析认为，库车坳陷下侏罗统发育辫状三角洲沉积体系，三角洲平原的辫状分流河道和三角洲前缘的水下分流河道是主要的储集砂体。这套储层以吐孜洛克地区为界，东，西两区在成岩作用，储集性质和成因机制上均存在显著差异。经研究表明，砂岩粒径，地层埋藏史和构造侧向挤压是引起此差异的关键控制因素；时间域上主要表现为砂岩粒径对储集性质的影响，而空间域上储层特征的显著差异受控于地层埋藏史和构造侧向挤压。  相似文献   

水文地球化学方法在煤矿水害研究中的某些应用——以平顶山、肥城矿区研究为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王广才  段琦等 《地质论评》2001,47(6):653-657

矿井防治水的理论和工程实践表明，水文地球化学方法是矿井水害预防和治理工作中较为有效的一种方法，以平顶山矿区、肥城矿区为例，阐述了水文地球化学方法在水害研究中的某些应用，在平顶山矿区、环境同位素（氢、氧）和统计分析（聚类分析）技术的研究结果，进一步证实和校正了以往对该区水流系统的概念模型，即局部水流系统和过渡水流系统（或西南部和东北部子系统）的划分仅适于寒武系灰岩含水系统；砂岩含水层在矿区中、北部低山区接受大气降水补给，并有可能补给薄层灰岩含水层。在肥城矿区，地下水示踪试验结果表明，该区的GF9，F7－1、F7－3断层在试验段内具有较强的导水性，奥灰水可通过上述断层并以不同特征的通道和速度继续径流并补给各井下出水点，因而是该区煤矿安全的主要威胁。  相似文献   

Interactive effects of pH and temperature on native and alien mussels from the west coast of South Africa     

MP Emanuel  D Pillay  M van der Merwe  GM Branch 《African Journal of Marine Science》2020,42(1):1-12

Global warming and ocean acidification influence marine calcifying organisms, particularly those with external shells. Among these, mussels may compensate for environmental changes by phenotypic plasticity, but this may entail trade-offs between shell deposition, growth and reproduction. We assessed main and interactive effects of pH and temperature on four mussel species on the west coast of South Africa (33°48′ S, 18°27′ E) in October 2012 by comparing shell dissolution, shell growth, shell breaking force and condition index of two native species, the ribbed mussel Aulacomya atra and the black mussel Choromytilus meridionalis, and two aliens, the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the bisexual mussel Semimytilus algosus. Live mussels and dead shells were exposed for 42 days to seawater of pH 7.5 or 8.0, at 14 °C or 20 °C. Low pH, high temperature and their combination increased shell dissolution of the two aliens but their growth rates and condition indices remained unchanged. Aulacomya atra also experienced greater shell dissolution at a low pH and high temperature, but grew faster in low-pH treatments. For C. meridionalis, shell dissolution was unaffected by pH or temperature; it also grew faster in low-pH treatments, but had a lower condition index in the higher temperature treatment. Shell strength was not determined by thickness alone. In most respects, all four species proved to be robust to short-term reduction of pH and elevation of temperature, but the native species compensated for greater shell dissolution at low pH by increasing growth rate, whereas the aliens did not, so their invasive success cannot be ascribed to benefits accruing from climate change.  相似文献   

Fish stocks and their management: The changing face of fisheries in South Africa     

George M. Branch  Barry M. Clark 《Marine Policy》2006

Transformation of South African marine fisheries over the past 10 years has had to balance economic stability, equity and sustainability. This is being done in three ways. First, access rights have been redistributed, increasing the number of rights holders 20-fold and the participation of historically disadvantaged individuals from 0.75% to 62%. Second, established companies have undergone internal transformation. Third, subsistence fishers have formally been recognised. New focuses include co-management, ecosystem-based management and marine protected areas. Further necessary steps include parity in salaries, attention to artisanal fishers, embracement of co-management, expansion of subsistence management and effective enforcement. Most stocks are healthy or recovering but exceptions, such as abalone, warn how quickly stocks can be decimated if co-operation is not achieved.  相似文献