Impacts of alien ‘ecosystem engineers’ overwhelm interannual and seasonal shifts in rocky-shore community composition on Marcus Island,South Africa     

S Sadchatheeswaran  GM Branch  CL Moloney 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(2):137-147

The South African coastline has been invaded by numerous alien species. Rare pre-invasion (1980) and post-invasion datasets (2001 and 2012) exist for Marcus Island, a small land-tied island in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. These snapshot datasets of the island’s intertidal invertebrate community were complemented with monitoring across seasons, from 2014 to 2016. Invertebrate communities were compared among the summers of 1980, 2001, 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016 to assess interannual differences, while invertebrates and algae were monitored quarter-annually to assess seasonal changes. In addition, the population dynamics of the alien mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were monitored. Differences in invertebrate communities between consecutive summers were significant but much smaller than changes induced by the arrival of alien species. Invertebrate and seaweed communities differed among years and shore zones but not among seasons, whereas species diversity differed among years, seasons and shore zones, with zones having the strongest influence. The invasion by M. galloprovincialis, and ensuing spatial and temporal variability in its recruitment, emerged as the most important factor influencing community composition, overshadowing interannual and seasonal changes. This work highlights that the impacts of alien species can be distinguished from natural variability by combining long-term monitoring with surveys at finer temporal scales. This is an important step in extending our understanding of the impacts of marine alien species.  相似文献   

储层流动单元研究在油田老区挖潜中的应用——以吉林油田乾146区块开发为例     

苗长盛  董清水  张旗  崔大勇  许圣传  王敏雪 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(1):39-45

吉林油田乾146区块经多年开采,已经进入高含水、高采出阶段。通过储层流动单元研究,运用多参数模糊聚类方法将该区高台子油层由好至差划分为A、B、C、D、E 5类储层流动单元。查明了区内主要目的层系各含油小层的储层流动单元发育特征:40、39小层主要发育A、B类优质储层流动单元,42、41、38小层则以C、D、E类储层流动单元为主,各小层储层流动单元类型及展布与初始产能吻合度较高,表明储层流动单元类型的差异是控制本区油气分布的重要因素之一。综合油藏地质特征及油田开发动态数据,对各储层流动单元的注采渗流体系进行了深入剖析,归纳总结出乾146区块高台子油层XII砂组中剩余油分布的5条规律,据此在剩余油分布预测区部署了1口扩边井和2口老区加密井,投产后分别获得了11.2t/d、5.5t/d和8.6t/d的初始产能。  相似文献   

南堡凹陷东营组高精度层序地层格架及沉积体系分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苗顺德  李秋芬  梁建设  陈艳鹏 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,(Z1):61-68

在高分辨率三维地震、钻井以及大量地质资料研究基础上,根据层序地层界面特征,将南堡凹陷东营组划分为1个二级层序和4个三级层序。以初始洪泛面和最大洪泛面识别特征为依据,进一步将三级层序划分出体系域。通过层序地层格架特征及其发育位置分析,认为柳南次凹层序地层格架发育的主控因素为构造、物源和湖平面变化。应用层序地层学原理及南堡凹陷沉积充填背景研究,认为柳南次凹的沉积体系类型为冲积扇、扇三角洲、水下扇、重力流及湖泊沉积体系。冲积扇及水下扇体系在低位体系域中发育,高位体系域中扇三角洲体系和重力流发育,湖扩体系域中湖泊体系非常发育。  相似文献   

珠江口滨海湿地退化现状、原因及保护对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李团结  马玉  王迪  王爱军  周英 《热带海洋学报》2011,(4)

2007年和2008年秋季对珠江口滨海湿地进行了环境现状综合调查,结果表明,珠江口滨海湿地退化主要表现在4个方面:天然湿地面积减少、湿地生产力不断下降、湿地环境状况持续恶化和湿地景观破碎化。珠江口滨海湿地退化的原因主要为滩涂开发与围填海、污染物排放、养殖污染、海平面上升、过度捕捞、海砂开采和港口码头建设以及水土资源开发等因素。滨海湿地保护与利用对策主要有:制定有关滨海湿地保护的法律法规和湿地保护与利用规划;加强人才队伍建设和滨海湿地有关技术研究;建立滨海湿地动态监测体系;加大滨海湿地保护区建设的力度;加强宣传和教育。  相似文献   

莺歌海盆地DF1-1-11井有孔虫生物地层与沉积环境研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何卫军  谢金有  刘新宇  李珊珊 《地层学杂志》2011,(1):81-87

结合ODP184航次及2008年"国际地层表"等研究成果,对莺歌海盆地基准井DF1-1-11井岩屑地层(630～3508 m)的有孔虫定量分析资料进行研究,建立可靠的生物地层及年代地层格架,并通过对钻井中有孔虫丰度、分异度、浮游比例、组合特征及古水深估算分析,讨论了DF1-1一11井中中新世以来的沉积环境演化.研究结果...  相似文献   

A space-based decametric wavelength radio telescope concept     

K. Belov  A. Branch  S. Broschart  J. Castillo-Rogez  S. Chien  L. Clare  R. Dengler  J. Gao  D. Garza  A. Hegedus  S. Hernandez  S. Herzig  T. Imken  H. Kim  S. Mandutianu  A. Romero-Wolf  S. Schaffer  M. Troesch  E. J. Wyatt  J. Lazio 《Experimental Astronomy》2018,46(2):241-284

This paper reports a design study for a space-based decametric wavelength telescope. While not a new concept, this design study focused on many of the operational aspects that would be required for an actual mission. This design optimized the number of spacecraft to insure good visibility of approx. 80% of the radio galaxies– the primary science target for the mission. A 5,000 km lunar orbit was selected to guarantee minimal gravitational perturbations from Earth and lower radio interference. Optimal schemes for data downlink, spacecraft ranging, and power consumption were identified. An optimal mission duration of 1 year was chosen based on science goals, payload complexity, and other factors. Finally, preliminary simulations showing image reconstruction were conducted to confirm viability of the mission. This work is intended to show the viability and science benefits of conducting multi-spacecraft networked radio astronomy missions in the next few years.  相似文献   

Spatial patterns and environmental risks of ringnet fishing along the Kenyan coast     

P Thoya  S Pérez-Jorge  GM Okemwa  H Mwamlavya  A Tuda  N Wambiji 《African Journal of Marine Science》2020,42(1):23-33

Ringnet fishing began in the early 20th century and is practised worldwide, mainly to target nearshore pelagic species. The method was introduced to Kenya’s coastal waters by migrant fishers from Tanzania. However, the impacts of this fishing gear remain poorly assessed. We assessed the spatial distribution of ringnet fishing effort and its possible effects on ecosystem components, such as coral reefs, marine megafauna and marine protected areas, on the south coast of Kenya. We tracked 89 ringnet fishing trips made from December 2015 to January 2016 and used spatial multicriteria analysis to determine hotspots of possible environmental risks. The results showed that habitat type and bathymetric profile influenced the spatial distribution of ringnet fishing effort. Mixed seagrass and coral habitats had the highest concentration of the effort. Most of the habitats in the study area were moderately exposed to the impacts of the ringnet fishery. The study identifies high-risk areas that require spatial measures to minimise possible environmental risks of the gear both to habitats and to endangered sea turtles.  相似文献   

首届人类世科学大会在西安成功举办     

人类世研究分会 《地质论评》2023,69(5):1718-1718

2023年6月17—18日,首届“人类世科学大会”在古都西安成功举办,本次会议由中国地质学会主办,中国地质学会人类世研究分会、中国科学院地球环境研究所、黄土科学全国重点实验室（筹）、陕西省基础学科（地球系统科学）研究中心共同承办。  相似文献   

SN 1998A: explosion of a blue supergiant     

A. Pastorello  E. Baron  D. Branch  L. Zampieri  M. Turatto  M. Ramina  S. Benetti  E. Cappellaro  M. Salvo  F. Patat  A. Piemonte  J. Sollerman  B. Leibundgut  G. Altavilla 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,360(3):950-962

We present spectroscopic and photometric observations of the peculiar Type II supernova (SN) 1998A. The light curves and spectra closely resemble those of SN 1987A, suggesting that the SN 1998A progenitor exploded when it was a compact blue supergiant. However, the comparison with SN 1987A also highlights some important differences: SN 1998A is more luminous and the spectra show bluer continua and larger expansion velocities at all epochs. These observational properties indicate that the explosion of SN 1998A is more energetic than SN 1987A and more typical of Type II supernovae. Comparing the observational data with simulations, we deduce that the progenitor of SN 1998A was a massive star  (∼25 M_⊙)  with a small pre-supernova radius  (≲6 × 10¹² cm)  . The Ba  ii lines, unusually strong in SN 1987A and some faint II-P events, are almost normal in the case of SN 1998A, indicating that the temperature plays a key role in determining their strength.  相似文献   

A Guide to,and Checklist for,the Decapoda of Namibia,South Africa and Mozambique     

George M Branch 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(4):595-596

  相似文献