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排序方式: 共有320条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
51.
YAN Xuexin YANG Tianliang XU Yan Luigi TOSI Esther STOUTHAMER Heri ANDREAS Philip MINDERHOUD Anirut LADAWADEE Ramon HANSSEN Gilles ERKENS Pietro TEATINI LIN Jinxin Roberta BONì Jarinya CHIMPALEE HUANG Xinlei Cristina Da LIO Claudia MEISINA Francesco ZUCCA 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(1):162-175
Land subsidence severely threatens most of the coastal plains around the world where high productive industrial and agricultural activities and urban centers are concentrated. Coastal subsidence damages infrastructures and exacerbates the effect of the sea-level rise at regional scale. Although it is a well-known process, there is still much more to be improved on the monitoring, mapping and modeling of ground movements, as well as the understanding of controlling mechanisms. The International Geoscience Programme recently approved an international project (IGCP 663) aiming to bring together worldwide researchers to share expertise on subsidence processes typically occurring in coastal areas and cities, including basic research, monitoring and observation, modelling and management. In this paper, we provide the research communities and potential stakeholders with the basic information to join the participating teams in developing this project. Specifically, major advances on coastal subsidence studies and information on well-known and new case studies of land subsidence in China, Italy, The Netherlands, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand are highlighted and summarized. Meanwhile, the networking, dissemination, annual meeting and field trip are briefly introduced. 相似文献
52.
André Bahr Gilles Kolber Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr Lutz Reinhardt Oliver Friedrich Jörg Pross 《Sedimentology》2020,67(2):951-970
The formation of the supercontinent Pangaea during the Permo–Triassic gave rise to an extreme monsoonal climate (often termed ‘mega-monsoon’) that has been documented by numerous palaeo-records. However, considerable debate exists about the role of orbital forcing in causing humid intervals in an otherwise arid climate. To shed new light on the forcing of monsoonal variability in subtropical Pangaea, this study focuses on sediment facies and colour variability of playa and alluvial fan deposits in an outcrop from the late Carnian (ca 225 Ma) in the southern Germanic Basin, south-western Germany. The sediments were deposited against a background of increasingly arid conditions following the humid Carnian Pluvial Event (ca 234 to 232 Ma). The ca 2·4 Myr long sedimentary succession studied shows a tripartite long-term evolution, starting with a distal mud-flat facies deposited under arid conditions. This phase was followed by a highly variable playa-lake environment that documents more humid conditions and finally a regression of the playa-lake due to a return of arid conditions. The red–green (a*) and lightness (L*) records show that this long-term variability was overprinted by alternating wet/dry cycles driven by orbital precession and ca 405 kyr eccentricity, without significant influence of obliquity. The absence of obliquity in this record indicates that high-latitude forcing played only a minor role in the southern Germanic Basin during the late Carnian. This is different from the subsequent Norian when high-latitude signals became more pronounced, potentially related to the northward drift of the Germanic Basin. The recurring pattern of pluvial events during the late Triassic demonstrates that orbital forcing, in particular eccentricity, stimulated the occurrence and intensity of wet phases. It also highlights the possibility that the Carnian Pluvial Event, although most likely triggered by enhanced volcanic activity, may also have been modified by an orbital stimulus. 相似文献
53.
Research in the 1990s showed that bed-material transport rates could be estimated at the reach scale in both one-dimension and, over small spatial scales (10s of m), in two-dimensions. The limit on the latter was the spatial scale over which it was possible to obtain distributed data on morphological change. Here, we revisit the morphological method given progress in both topographical data acquisition and hydraulic modelling. The bed-material transport needed to conserve mass is calculated in both one and two dimensions for a 1600 m × 300 m Alpine braided river “laboratory”. High-resolution topographical data were acquired by laser scanning to quantify Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), and morphological changes caused by the flushing of the water intake were derived from repeated surveys. Based on DEMs of differences, 1D bed-material transport rates were calculated using the morphological method. Then, a 2D hydraulic model was combined with a topographic correction to route sediment through the network of braided channels and to obtain a spatially variable estimate of transport in both downstream and cross-stream directions. Monte Carlo simulation was applied to the routing model parameters, allowing identification of the most probable parameter values needed to minimize negative transport. The results show that within-section spatial compensation of erosion and deposition using the 1D treatment leads to substantial local errors in transport rate estimates, to a degree related to braiding intensity. Even though the 2D application showed that a large proportion of the total transport was actually concentrated into one main channel during the studied low flow event, the proportion of transport in secondary anabranches is substantial when the river starts braiding. Investigations of the effects of DEM resolution, competent flow duration and survey frequency related to ‘travelling bedload’ and sequential erosion-deposition emphasized the critical importance of careful data collection in the application of the morphological method. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
54.
Non-parametric seismic data recovery with curvelet frames 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
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57.
Using an Atmospheric Global Circulation Model, we assess the relevance of selected atmospheric mechanisms for climate evolution of Saharan and sub-Saharan regions since the Miocene. First, we test the influence of the East-African Rift System uplift on atmospheric dynamics. Although the uplift played an important role in triggering East-African rainfall, no significant impact over central and western Africa has been detected. We also analyse the feedbacks of a giant lake on the climate of Chad basin. First results infer a negative feedback of the giant lake on the water balance, as convection is weakened by the cold water surface and as water evaporated from the lake does not feed the basin hydrological cycle. Lastly, we suggest that colder than present sea surface temperatures over the Gulf of Guinea reinforce the West-African monsoon, by enhancing the moisture advection engine via stronger thermal contrast between the ocean and the continent. 相似文献
58.
Koen de Jong Chikao Kurimoto Gilles Ruffet 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(6):1529-1556
The 218.4 ± 0.4, 228.8 ± 0.9 and 231.9 ± 0.7 Ma 40Ar/39Ar laser probe pseudo-plateau ages (2σ; 49–63% 39Ar-release) of very low-grade meta-pelitic whole-rocks from the Sakaigawa unit date high-P/T metamorphism. We argue that this
event occurred in a subduction–accretion complex, not along the East Asian continental margin, but on the Pacific side of
the proto-Japan superterrane. Proto-Japan was a Permian magmatic arc, presently dispersed in the Japanese islands, which also
contained older subduction–accretion complexes. The arc system was fringing but not yet part of the Eurasian continent. The
Middle to Late Triassic high-P/T tectono-metamorphic event was partly coeval with proto-Japan’s collision with proto-Eurasia
along the southward extension of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, causing the main metamorphism in the Hida-Oki terrane. It
is possible that this system continued via the Cathaysia block (China) to Indochina. The Late Permian to Middle Triassic Indosinian
event might stem from docking of Pacific-derived terranes with Southeast Asia’s continental margin. The concept of the proto-Japan
superterrane implies that the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu suture zone joined the Central Asian Orogenic Belt to the east of the North
China craton and did not continue to Japan, as commonly assumed. 相似文献
59.
Philippe E. Raison Stephen Heathman Gilles Wallez Carmen E. Zvoriste Denis Bykov Ga?l Ménard Emmanuelle Suard Karin Popa Nicolas Dacheux Rudy J. M. Konings Roberto Caciuffo 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2012,39(8):685-692
The crystal structure of the cheralite—CaTh(PO4)2—has been revisited by neutron diffraction and its behaviour under high pressure investigated by X-ray diffraction up to 36?GPa. The neutron diffraction data at ambient pressure gave a more accurate determination of the Ca/Th cation position than previous XRD data, taking advantage that the neutron scattering lengths of calcium and thorium are of same order of magnitude. The nuclear density distribution was also determined using the maximum entropy method (MEM) confirming that the two cations are not located at the same position in the unit cell but are slightly displaced from one another along a specific direction in order to minimize the electrostatic repulsion with the surrounding phosphorus atoms. At high pressure, the compound did not show any phase transition or amorphization. From the evolution of the unit-cell volume as a function of the pressure, the zero-pressure bulk modulus B0 and its pressure derivative B0 ′ have been determined by fitting the experimental compressibility curve to the Birch–Murnaghan equation of state. The results are B0?=?140(2) GPa and B 0 ′ ?=?4.4(4) GPa. 相似文献
60.
Geoffrey Caruso Gilles Vuidel Jean Cavailhès Pierre Frankhauser Dominique Peeters Isabelle Thomas 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2011,13(1):31-48
We present a model that simulates the growth of a metropolitan area on a 2D lattice. The model is dynamic and based on microeconomics.
Households show preferences for nearby open spaces and neighbourhood density. They compete on the land market. They travel
along a road network to access the CBD. A planner ensures the connectedness and maintenance of the road network. The spatial
pattern of houses, green spaces and road network self-organises, emerging from agents individualistic decisions. We perform
several simulations and vary residential preferences. Our results show morphologies and transition phases that are similar
to Dieletric Breakdown Models (DBM). Such similarities were observed earlier by other authors, but we show here that it can be deducted from the functioning
of the land market and thus explicitly connected to urban economic theory. 相似文献