SCALES: a large‐scale assessment model of soil erosion hazard in Basse‐Normandie (northern‐western France)     

P. Le Gouée  D. Delahaye  M. Bermond  M. Marie  J. Douvinet  V. Viel 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(8):887-901

The cartography of erosion risk is mainly based on the development of models, which evaluate in a qualitative and quantitative manner the physical reproduction of the erosion processes (CORINE, EHU, INRA). These models are mainly semi‐quantitative but can be physically based and spatially distributed (the Pan‐European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment, PESERA). They are characterized by their simplicity and their applicability potential at large temporal and spatial scales. In developing our model SCALES (Spatialisation d'éChelle fine de l'ALéa Erosion des Sols/large‐scale assessment and mapping model of soil erosion hazard), we had in mind several objectives: (1) to map soil erosion at a regional scale with the guarantee of a large accuracy on the local level, (2) to envisage an applicability of the model in European oceanic areas, (3) to focus the erosion hazard estimation on the level of source areas (on‐site erosion), which are the agricultural parcels, (4) to take into account the weight of the temporality of agricultural practices (land‐use concept). Because of these objectives, the nature of variables, which characterize the erosion factors and because of its structure, SCALES differs from other models. Tested in Basse‐Normandie (Calvados 5500 km²) SCALES reveals a strong predisposition of the study area to the soil erosion which should require to be expressed in a wet year. Apart from an internal validation, we tried an intermediate one by comparing our results with those from INRA and PESERA. It appeared that these models under estimate medium erosion levels and differ in the spatial localization of areas with the highest erosion risks. SCALES underlines here the limitations in the use of pedo‐transfer functions and the interpolation of input data with a low resolution. One must not forget however that these models are mainly focused on an interregional comparative approach. Therefore the comparison of SCALES data with those of the INRA and PESERA models cannot result on a convincing validation of our model. For the moment the validation is based on the opinion of local experts, who agree with the qualitative indications delivered by our cartography. An external validation of SCALES is foreseen, which will be based on a thorough inventory of erosion signals in areas with different hazard levels. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

农业对气候变化的脆弱性   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

陶生才  许吟隆  刘珂  潘婕  苟诗薇 《气候变化研究进展》2011,7(2):143-148

随着对气候变化研究的不断深入,气候变化脆弱性问题也得到了更多的关注。相对于水资源、森林等其他自然生态系统,农业受气候变化的影响最大,科学地评价其对气候变化的脆弱性,对于制定合理有效的适应对策具有重要意义。从气候变化脆弱性与农业对气候变化脆弱性的定义、研究内容和评价方法等角度综述了研究进展,在此基础上分析了目前该领域存在的问题,包括情景应用、方法和不确定性等方面,并展望了未来脆弱性评价的发展方向。  相似文献   

鄂西南一次早春强对流过程的多源资料分析     

杜牧云  赵娴婷  周伶俐  杜九三  苟阿宁  崔春光  肖艳姣 《湖北气象》2022,41(2):174-183

  相似文献   

贵州省2020年5月极端性高温事件研究          下载免费PDF全文

莫乙冬  苟杨  唐红忠  潘启学 《中低纬山地气象》2023,47(4):65-69

2020年5月贵州省出现极端高温天气事件,本文利用贵州省84个气象观测站日平均气温和最高气温资料、美国气象环境预报中心的逐日再分析高度场资料以及美国海洋大气管理局的日平均海表面温度（SST）资料,利用超前滞后相关等方法对贵州省2020年5月“极端性高温事件”进行研究。得出如下结论：（1）2020年5月贵州省约有29%的站点极端日最高气温超过了1981年以来的历史极值,约58%的站点突破1981年以来5月同期历史极值,西太平洋副热带高压显示为异常西扩加强的态势,同时伴随南亚高压东伸增强,两个高压在不同高度上的配合导致深厚高压的异常出现,是此次贵州极端性高温事件发生的重要因素。（2） 2020年5月在欧亚大陆中高纬对流层上层有明显的Rossby波列结构,有利于贵州极端性高温事件出现。（3）热带西大西洋SST在月尺度内异常阶段性增暖,可作为贵州省极端性高温天气发生的重要前期信号,并且增暖过程比高温事件提前约14天,具有一定的前期指示意义。  相似文献   

Recalibration and Clarification of the Formula Applied to the ISRM-Suggested CCNBD Specimens for Testing Rock Fracture Toughness   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Q. Z. Wang  H. Fan  X. P. Gou  S. Zhang 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(2):303-313

The cracked chevron-notched Brazilian disc (CCNBD) was proposed by the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) to test the mode I (opening mode) fracture toughness of rock. The test method has been vigorously discussed and debated, despite being the subject of intensive research for decades. The minimum (critical) dimensionless stress intensity factors affiliated with the formula for calculating the fracture toughness using CCNBD specimens with different geometric parameters remain elusive and complex. The matter cannot be resolved by simply replacing the diameter in the original formula with the radius, as claimed by several authors. In this paper, the formula is fundamentally improved, as wide-ranging minimum dimensionless stress intensity factors pertaining to diversified CCNBD geometries are recalibrated by three-dimensional finite element analysis, and an expression with tabulated coefficients is obtained through curve-fitting the data obtained from the numerical calibration. The present results are shown to be more accurate than those in the literature. Furthermore, the importance of the reasonability of the results is highlighted; a comprehensive comparison of different values shows that the upper bounds of minimum stress intensity factors are violated by the above claim. The confusion resulting from the claim is, thus, clarified conclusively.  相似文献   

Asymmetric variability between maximum and minimum temperatures in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from tree rings   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gou XiaoHua  Chen FaHu  Yang MeiXue  Jacoby Gordon  Fang KeYan  Tian QinHua  Zhang Yong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(1):41-55

Ecological systems in the headwaters of the Yellow River, characterized by hash natural environmental conditions, are very vulnerable to climatic change. In the most recent decades, this area greatly attracted the public's attention for its more and more deteriorating environmental conditions. Based on tree-ring samples from the Xiqing Mountain and A'nyêmagên Mountains at the headwaters of the Yellow River in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, we reconstructed the minimum temperatures in the winter half year over the last 425 years and the maximum temperatures in the summer half year over the past 700 years in this region. The variation of minimum temperature in the winter half year during the time span of 1578―1940 was a relatively stable trend, which was followed by an abrupt warming trend since 1941. However, there is no significant warming trend for the maximum temperature in the summer half year over the 20th century. The asymmetric variation patterns between the minimum and maximum temperatures were observed in this study over the past 425 years. During the past 425 years, there are similar variation patterns between the minimum and maximum temperatures; however, the minimum temperatures vary about 25 years earlier compared to the maximum temperatures. If such a trend of variation patterns between the minimum and maximum temperatures over the past 425 years continues in the future 30 years, the maximum temperature in this region will increase significantly.  相似文献   

西北气候环境转型信号在新疆河川径流变化中的反映   总被引：72，自引：31，他引：41  

张国威  吴素芬  王志杰 《冰川冻土》2003,25(2):183-187

对新疆不同区域、不同补给类型的26条河流年平均径流量变化趋势分析研究,结果显示:大多数河流年径流量从1987年起出现增加趋势,天山山区增加尤其明显,其它地区有不同程度的增加,昆仑山北坡略微有减少.从径流变化来分析,天山山区的气候变化已出现由暖干向暖湿转型的信号,其它地区也正处在转型过程中.  相似文献   

四川汶川,都江堰,崇州,大邑等毗邻地区的旅游资源与开发前景     

苟宗海  吴山 《四川地质学报》2000,20(2):144-149

汶川县、都江堰市、崇州市、大邑县等毗邻地区,分布着诸多的旅游景点,根据景点的开发情况和地质地貌 景象特征,可以划分为已开发旅游景区和特开发旅游景区两大类,分别阐述了各景点、景区的特征及其形成的地质背景,并对旅游片区的旅游资源的开发与保护提出了建议。  相似文献   

城市群创新联系网络结构与创新效率研究   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4  

盛彦文  苟倩  宋金平 《地理科学》2020,40(11):1831-1839

引入修正引力模型、社会网络分析方法、DEA模型以及Tobit模型,探讨2001—2015年京津冀、长三角、珠三角三大城市群的创新联系网络结构对创新效率的影响。研究表明：① 创新联系格局方面,京津冀城市群呈现以“京津”为核心的放射状发展特征,长三角城市群呈现以“Z”字形为主轴的类钻石型空间格局,珠三角城市群形成了以珠江口两侧城市为核心、其他城市为重要节点的空间格局;② 在创新联系网络结构特征方面,京津冀城市群呈极核式发展,群内创新联系高度依赖于核心城市,长三角和珠三角城市群由单中心驱动转变为多中心驱动,呈均衡发展特征,京津冀和珠三角城市群创新联系网络具有“小世界”网络特征;③ Tobit模型回归结果显示,三大城市群中,城市节点在城市群创新联系网络中的中心位置、中介地位、对结构洞的运用能力和集聚程度对其创新效率的影响存在差异。  相似文献   

Research on the panel adjustment method of an active main reflector for a large radio telescope     

Zheng-Xiong Sun  Jin-Qing Wang  Lin-Feng Yu  Wei Gou  Guang-Li Wang 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2021,(2):105-112

The surface accuracy of a large parabolic antenna is an important indicator to evaluate the quality of the antenna.It not only directly affects the antenna’s aperture efficiency,thereby determining the shortest wavelength that the antenna can work,but also affects the main lobe width and side lobe structure of the antenna pattern.Microwave holography is an important method for parabolic antenna profile detection.In this article we adopt a new algorithm to adjust the panels for the large radio telescope with an active main reflector through the TM65 m antenna’s aperture phase profile.The panels of the TM65 m radio telescope is in a radial pattern with 14 rings.Each corner of the panel is fixed on the screw of the actuator to move up and down,and the adjacent corners of the four panels share an actuator.We use the method of plane fitting to calculate the adjustment value of every panel’s corner.But one actuator,which simultaneously controls the common corner of the adjacent panels,will have different adjustment values according to the different plane fitting equation based on adjacent panels.In this paper,the adjustment value of the adjacent panels’crosspoints are constrained to be equal to the constraint condition to calculate each actuator’s adjustment value of the TM65 m radio telescope.Through multiple adjustments and application of the new algorithms,the accuracy of the TM65 m antenna reflector profile has been improved from the original 0.28 mm to the current 0.19 mm.  相似文献