TERRAFORMING - A DOWN TO EARTH PERSPECTIVE     

M.J. Heath 《地学学报》1991,3(6):655-658

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The growth of density perturbations in the Lemaître universe     

D. J. Heath 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1981,77(1):59-64

The rate of growth of density perturbations in certain Lemaître universes has been investigated using the differential equation derived by Bonnor. The perturbations that must be postulated at decoupling are not significantly different from those required in the conventional zero-pressure Friedmann-Lemaître models.  相似文献   

Modelling the population dynamics of Calanus in the Fair Isle current of northern Scotland     

M. Heath  W. Robertson  J. Mardaljevic  W. S. G. Gurney 《Journal of Sea Research》1997,38(3-4)

The population dynamics of a marine zooplankton species in the Fair Isle Current off northern Scotland have been investigated by modelling and field study. An age- and weight-structured model of a population of the copepods Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus helgolandicus was embedded in a biomass based ecosystem model comprising nutrients, phytoplankton, and other non-Calanus zooplankton. The model was configured to represent a Lagrangian water column drifting in the Fair Isle Current off the north of Scotland during June 1988, with physical characteristics derived from the results of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the northwest European shelf. The time-series results from the model were compared to data from a semi-synoptic field study by assuming the system to be short-term steady state and transposing the spatially resolved field observations into pseudo-time series along the modelled column drift track. The hydrodynamic model correctly reproduced the general physical characteristics of the system which were destratification of an initially stratified water column as a result of advection through a tidally energetic mixing zone, and subsequent re-establishment of stratification with distance downstream. The biological components of the model were broadly successful at reproducing the main features of the phytoplankton biomass response to the physical processes. The field data indicated that, despite the short-term changes in phytoplankton abundance along the drift track, the stage composition and biomass of the Calanus population was relatively stable. However, the model revealed that the main diagnostic features of the response were at the individual level, reflected in the weight at age distribution and reproductive output. The study highlights the difficulty of obtaining adequate data for testing complex models of zooplankton responses to short-term spatio-temporal variations in physical forcing.  相似文献   

Modelling the Northeast Atlantic circulation: implications for the spring invasion of shelf regions by Calanus finmarchicus     

Harms  I. H.; Heath  M. R.; Bryant  A. D.; Backhaus  J. O.; Hainbucher  D. A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2000,57(6):1694-1707

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Copper-nickel-enriched ferromanganese nodules and associated crusts from the Bauer Basin,northwest Nazca plate   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mitchell Lyle  Jack Dymond  G. Ross Heath 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1977,35(1):55-64

Analysis of a suite of ferromanganese nodules and crusts from the dredge Y73-3-22D in the Bauer Deep (13°40′S, 102°08′W) shows distinct differences between the nodules and crusts. Ultra-slow-scan X-ray diffraction shows that the nodules are more enriched in todorokite while the crusts are more enriched in δ MnO₂. Both have phillipsite and smectite as accessory minerals as well as minor amounts of apatite, barite, and quartz. Chemical analyses show that the nodules also have higher abundances of Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Ba, while crusts are more enriched in Fe, Co, and Ca. We suggest that normal authigenic precipitation of ferromanganese oxyhydroxides from seawater controls the mineralogy and chemistry of the crusts, while nodule mineralogy and chemistry are governed by small-scale diagenetic reactions in the sediment. Todorokite may form because iron in the Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide material dispersed in the sediment reacts with amorphous silica to form iron-rich smectites. The remaining oxyhydroxide material recrystallizes as todorokite.  相似文献   

Stratospheric ozone response to a solar proton event: Hemispheric asymmetries     

Kaichi Maeda  Donald F. Heath 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1980,119(1):1-8

Ozone depression in the polar stratosphere during the energetic solar proton event on 4 August 1972 was observed by the backscattered ultraviolet (BUV) experiment on the Nimbus 4 satellite. Distinct asymmetries in the columnar ozone content, the amount of ozone depressions and their temporal variations above 4 mb level (38 km) were observed between the two hemispheres. The ozone destroying solar particles precipitate rather symmetrically into the two polar atmospheres due to the geomagnetic dipole field These asymmetries can be therefore ascribed to the differences mainly in dynamics and partly in the solar illumination and the vertical temperature structure between the summer and the winter polar atmospheres. The polar stratosphere is less disturbed and warmer in the summer hemisphere than the winter hemisphere since the propagation of planetary wave from the troposphere is inhibited by the wind system in the upper troposphere, and the air is heated by the prolonged solar insolation. Correspondingly, the temporal variations of stratospheric ozone depletion and its recovery appear to be smooth functions of time in the (northern) summer hemisphere and the undisturbed ozone amount is slighily, less than that of its counterpart. On the other hand, the tempotal variation of the upper stratospheric ozone in the winter polar atmosphere (southern hemisphere) indicates large amplitudes and irregularities due to the disturbances produced by upward propagating waves which prevail in the polar winter atmosphere. These characteristic differences between the two polar atmospheres are also evident in the vertical distributions of temperature and wind observed by balloons and rocker soundings.  相似文献   

Further Comments on Darcy Paper     

Ralph C. Heath 《Ground water》1994,32(6):1035-1035

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Editorial     

G.W Heath 《Marine environmental research》1982,6(1):1-2

A flow-through system for exposure of seagrass to pollutants is described. Sea water with dissolved atrazine or PCP (pentachlorophenol) was pumped through a sealed 2-litre volume glass exposure vessel that contained either whole plants or leaves of Thalassia testudinum. Effects of the compounds on oxygen evolution and uptake by leaves were measured after exposure for 40 and 88 h. Rate of oxygen evolution was depressed strongly after 40 h by 1 ppm of atrazine or PCP. The rate of oxygen uptake was slightly depressed by atrazine but strongly depressed by PCP. Photosynthesis/respiration ratios were depressed to less than one by 1 ppm of atrazine or PCP and by 0·5 ppm atrazine. EC₅₀ values based upon depression of oxygen evolution after 40 hours exposure were: atrazine, 0·32 ppm PCP, 0·74 ppm. The data suggest that leaves may recover from, or adapt to, the presence of either toxicant.  相似文献   

Achieving environmentally relevant organochlorine pesticide concentrations in eggs through maternal exposure in Alligator mississippiensis     

Rauschenberger RH  Wiebe JJ  Buckland JE  Smith JT  Sepúlveda MS  Gross TS 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):851-856

Alligator mississippiensis eggs from organochlorine pesticide (OCP) contaminated sites in Florida exhibit high rates of embryonic mortality compared to reference sites (P < 0.05). The objective of the present study was to use captive adult alligators to test the hypotheses that maternal exposure to OCPs results in increased OCP concentrations in eggs, and that increased exposure is associated with increased embryonic mortality. A total of 24 adult alligators (8 males and 16 females) were housed in eight pens. Eight females in four pens were dosed with a mixture of p,p'-DDE, toxaphene, dieldrin, and chlordane at a rate of 0.2+/-0.01 mg/kg/day for 274+/-8 days. Treated females produced eggs containing higher OCP concentrations (12,814+/-813 ng/g yolk) than controls (38+/-4 ng/g yolk). Eggs of treated females exhibited decreased viability (13+/-22%) as compared to controls (45+/-20%). Results indicated that 0.6% of administered OCPs were maternally transferred to the eggs of American alligators, and that maternal exposure is associated with decreased egg/embryo viability in this species.  相似文献   

An hypothesis concerning the space-time succession of Calanus finmarchicus in the northern North Sea     

Backhaus  Jan O.; Harms  Ingo H.; Krause  Michael; Heath  Michael R. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1994,51(2):169-180

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