江苏省土壤湿度观测资料与再分析资料对比分析研究     

陈景丽  孙旭光  唐红昇  费启  沈瑱 《气象科学》2018,38(4):523-530

利用江苏省2010—2015年的60个站点土壤湿度观测资料,对欧洲中心ERA-Interim再分析资料(ERA)和美国宇航局再分析资料(MERRA)的两套土壤湿度数据在江苏地区的可靠性进行了评估。结果表明:相比于ERA再分析资料,MERRA较好地再现出江苏省次表层年平均土壤湿度的空间分布特征,但是两种资料的次表层和深层土壤湿度的数值均小于观测。ERA和MERRA基本都能揭示出江苏省次表层土壤湿度的季节变化特征,但是深层土壤湿度与观测仍有较大差距。在时间演变方面,ERA次表层土壤湿度与站点观测在研究时段内较为接近,EOF分析揭示出1979—2016年江苏省次表层土壤湿度存在区域一致型与南北偶极型两个主要的年代际变率模态。但是对于深层土壤湿度时间演变而言,两种再分析资料都与观测有较大的差距。总体而言,再分析资料的次表层土壤湿度与站点观测较为接近,但是由于再分析资料陆面模式中地下水等影响深层土壤湿度的关键过程刻画较为简单,使得深层土壤湿度与观测有较大的差距。  相似文献   

南京地区降水雨滴谱拟合模型的参数特征分析     

张洪胜  何宏让  张云 《气象与环境科学》2017,40(3):71-78

根据南京地区2010-2014年雨滴谱观测资料,利用Gamma分布、标准Gamma分布、改进的标准Gamma分布等雨滴谱分布模型,研究了南京地区降水雨滴谱拟合模型的参数特征。结果表明:1)南京地区降水雨强标准差σR和R之间比值为2.29;2)利用阶矩法,按照Gamma模型对雨滴谱进行拟合,形状因子μ、斜率因子λ和截断参数log10N0总的平均值分别为9.2、11.6 mm-1、7.2 mm-1·m-3,众数值分别约为6.0、5.5 mm-1、4.5 mm-1·m-3,并且μ和λ之间均存在较好的二次项函数关系;3)标准化形式下的Gamma分布参数Dm和Nw随雨强的增大而逐渐增大,并且随雨强的增大,Dm增大的幅度越来越大,而Nw增大的幅度却越来越小;4)谱型参数σM随Dm增大而增大,并且Dm和σM之间存在较好的指数型函数关系。  相似文献   

Contribution of Low-Frequency Motions to Sensible Heat Fluxes over Urban and Suburban Areas     

He Zhang  Hongsheng Zhang  Xuhui Cai  Yu Song  Jianning Sun 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2016,159(1):183-183

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中国大陆活动地块变形与地震活动的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王辉  张国民  吴云  马宏生 《中国地震》2003,19(3):243-254

本文在中国大陆及邻区活动地块研究的基础上，利用球面上的非连续变形分析方法(DDA)和近10年来的GPS测量结果，对整个中国大陆及其周边地区各活动地块的运动和变形状况进行了初步研究。研究结果表明，虽然中国大陆东西部各活动地块的运动速率和应变率相差较大，但位于同一个地块区的各个活动地块之间的运动和变形具有一定的协调性。文中还计算了活动地块边界带之间的相对运动，讨论了现今地壳运动和强震活动的关系。发现1988年以来，中国陆区的7级以上地震都发生在GPS测量所给出最大剪切应变率差异大的活动地块的边界带和现今滑动速率大的活动地块的边界断裂上。  相似文献   

川滇地区应力场演化与强震间相互作用的三维有限元模拟   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

陈化然  陈连旺  马宏生  李轶群  张杰卿  何巧云  王建国 《地震学报》2004,26(6):567-575

针对川滇地区，在大量搜集、总结前人资料和结果的基础上，建立了包括上地壳、下地壳(两层)、上地幔等4层结构的三维有限元模型. 通过反复调试，确定了其边界条件，并且计算了川滇地区背景应力场、断层蠕动产生的应力场和强震触发的应力场，以及它们的动态变化. 结果表明:后续地震大多发生在前面地震引发的库仑破裂应力正值区，前一地震对后续地震有一定的触发作用，强震是在较高的应力背景下成组发生的. 这对判断、识别地震异常，提高地震预测水平有着很大的意义.   相似文献   

胶州湾及邻近水域曼氏无针乌贼的生长和季节分布   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

张宝琳  孙道元  毕洪生  吴耀泉  黄勃 《海洋科学》1997,21(5):61-64

报告了胶州湾及邻近水域曼氏无针乌贼的生长和季节分布的调查结果。所用材料为１９８０年８月－１９８１年７月渔业资源调查所获得的资料。曼氏无针乌贼是５月上旬进入胶州湾生殖洄游，乌贼在胶州湾生长很快，８，９月间日增长量可达１．１３ｍｍ。整个胶州湾均为曼氏无针乌贼的产物卵场。１１月曼氏无针乌贼离开胶州湾，开始越冬洄游。  相似文献   

Shifting from homogeneous to heterogeneous surfaces in estimating terrestrial evapotranspiration: Review and perspectives     

Yuanbo LIU  Guoyu QIU  Hongsheng ZHANG  Yonghui YANG  Yinsheng ZHANG  Quan WANG  Wenzhi ZHAO  Li JIA  Xibin JI  Yujiu XIONG  Chunhua YAN  Ning MA  Shumin HAN  Yifan CUI 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2022,65(2):197-214

Terrestrial evapotranspiration(ET)is a crucial link between Earth’s water cycle and the surface energy budget.Accurate measurement and estimation remain a major challenge in geophysical,biological,and environmental studies.Pioneering work,represented by Dalton and Penman,and the development of theories and experiments on turbulent exchange in the atmospheric boundary layer(ABL),laid the foundation for mainstream methodologies in ET estimation.Since the 1990s,eddy covariance(EC)systems and satellite remote sensing have been widely applied from cold to tropical and from arid to humid regions.They cover water surfaces,wetlands,forests,croplands,grasslands,barelands,and urban areas,offering an exceptional number of reports on diverse ET processes.Surface nocturnal ET,hysteresis between ET and environmental forces,turbulence intermittency,island effects on heterogeneous surfaces,and phase transition between underlying surfaces are examples of reported new phenomena,posing theoretical and practical challenges to mainstream ET methodologies.Additionally,based on non-conventional theories,new methods have emerged,such as maximum entropy production and nonparametric approaches.Furthermore,high-frequency on-site observation and aerospace remote sensing technology in combination form multi-scale observations across plant stomata,leaves,plants,canopies,landscapes,and basins.This promotes an insightful understanding of diverse ET processes and synthesizes the common mechanisms of the processes between and across spatial and temporal scales.All the recent achievements in conception,model,and technology serve as the basis for breaking through the known difficulties in ET estimation.We expect that they will provide a rigorous,reliable scientific basis and experimental support to address theoretical arguments of global significance,such as the water-heat-carbon cycle,and solve practical needs of national importance,including agricultural irrigation and food security,precise management of water resources and eco-environmental protection,and regulation of the urban thermal environment and climate change adaptation.  相似文献   

Strength Characteristics of Fiber Reinforced Solidified Sludge During Drying     

Yue Wang  Chaosheng Tang  Chao Lü  Peng Wang  Dezheng Rong  Hongsheng Wang 《地球科学进展》2019,34(4):433-438

Sludge is a kind of solid waste with high natural moisture content and extremely poor mechanical properties. Adopting effective technical methods for rapid dewatering and increasing strength is an important prerequisite for realizing the utilization and efficient utilization of sludge resources. In this paper, discrete short-staple polypropylene fiber was selected as the reinforced material, cement and fly ash were used as the solidified materials. The unconfined compression test was carried out to study the strength change of the fiber reinforced solidified sludge in the drying path, and the drying was analyzed. The influence mechanism of different target moisture content states(5 \mathrm{\%} ~45 \mathrm{\%} ) and fiber content(0~0.8 \mathrm{\%} ) on the strength of reinforced solidified sludge during the process. The results show that: \mathrm{①} The addition of fiber can effectively improve the peak strength and residual strength of solidified sludge, and the strength value increases first and then decreases with the increase of fiber content, and the optimal fiber content is 0.1 \mathrm{\%} . \mathrm{②} During the drying process, the sample of the unconfined compressive strength increases with the decrease of the moisture content of approximate to linear, and the damage form by the plastic damage to brittle fracture transition gradually, and the addition of fibers can effectively restrain the brittle failure sample, enhance the toughness of specimen. \mathrm{③} The contribution of fiber reinforcement to the strength of solidified sludge increases gradually with the decrease of moisture content, and the root cause is that the fiber-sludge interface force can be better excited under the condition of low moisture content.  相似文献   

干燥脱水过程中纤维加筋固化淤泥的强度特性     

王玥  唐朝生  吕超  王鹏  荣德政  王宏胜 《地球科学进展》2019,(4):433-438

淤泥是一种天然含水率高且力学性质极差的固体废弃物,采取有效的技术方法进行快速脱水和增强可以实现淤泥资源化和高效利用。选取离散短丝聚丙烯纤维作为加筋材料,水泥和粉煤灰作为固化材料,通过开展无侧限抗压试验,研究了纤维加筋固化淤泥在干燥路径中强度的变化,并分析了干燥过程中不同目标含水率状态(分别为45%,40%,35%,30%,25%,20%,15%,10%和5%)和纤维掺量(0~0.8%)对加筋固化淤泥强度的影响机理。结果表明:①纤维的加入能有效提高固化淤泥的峰值强度和残余强度,且强度值随纤维掺量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,最优纤维掺量为0.1%;②干燥脱水过程中,试样的无侧限抗压强度随含水率的减小近似于线性增加,破坏形式由塑性破坏逐渐向脆性破坏过渡,而纤维的加入可以有效抑制试样的脆性破坏,提升试样的韧性;③纤维加筋对固化淤泥强度的贡献随含水率的减小而逐渐增加,根本原因是纤维—淤泥界面作用力在低含水率条件下能得到更佳的激发。  相似文献   

云南会泽铅锌矿床外围高家阱勘查区构造样式与构造地球化学找矿     

周俊朋  吴鹏  韩润生  郭忠林  王雷  龚红胜 《地质通报》2019,38(11):1899-1911

高家阱勘查区位于云南会泽铅锌矿床北东侧,是矿山厂断裂NE向延伸的有利成矿地段。在1∶5000构造地质填图基础上,结合典型构造面力学性质分析,认为高家阱勘查区受NE向矿山厂背斜、矿山厂断裂控制,NE向左行压扭性层间断裂是矿体赋存的有利部位。印支晚期,在NW—SE向应力持续作用下,形成NE向牵引褶皱,构成高家阱控岩控矿构造格架——逆冲推覆构造,为成矿流体的运移提供通道。通过蚀变指数计算,提取肉红色粗晶白云岩、米黄色粗晶白云岩、灰白色粗晶白云岩蚀变信息,划定3个强蚀变地段。通过构造地球化学因子分析,绘制Pb-Zn-Cd-Ag、As-Sb-Hg元素组合异常图,提取异常信息并圈定4个主要异常区。除石炭系外,异常还分布在震旦系、泥盆系,具多层位找矿潜力。综合控矿构造-矿化蚀变-构造地球化学勘查技术组合,提出找矿方向。  相似文献