马里亚纳群岛和约翰逊岛近海区锰结核的地球化学     

Chen  JC 潘秋霞 《海洋地质译丛》1996,(1):71-76

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一种底上群落分级定量采集器     

Dauvm  JC 王子贤 《热带海洋》1995,14(1):89-93

在Ｍａｃｅｒ采集器的基础上，经修改制成一种新型的底上生物群落分级定量采集器，４个标准ＷＰ２浮游生物网（网目０．５ｍｍ）嵌接在不锈钢架上，网口与海底距离分别为１０－４０，４５－７５，８０－１１０，１１５－１４５ｃｍ。每个网均装有１个水流计及两扇活动门，这些门通过１个杠杆装置控制其开关，当采集器与海底接触时使门打开，使用这种新型采集器在法国近岸海区及北大西洋深海海底进行了一百多次成功的采样，对各种软，  相似文献   

Something is wrong with climate theory     

Walker JC  Sloan LC 《Geotimes》1992,37(6):16-18

We frequently forget that there is more to science than the making of a more precise measurement or a more elaborate calculation. It is even more than applying to new problems the methods that worked on old problems. These activities, which keep most of us busy most of the time, are important, but the new and unexpected discoveries are more important. And many radically new discoveries arise from scientific puzzles, the "anomalies." We believe that studies of past climates have exposed an anomaly that deserves attention and that may result in a fundamentally new understanding of the climate system. The poles have been much warmer throughout much of Earth's history than they are now. Ice-age episodes with durations of millions of years have been separated by periods of hundreds of millions of years that have left little or no evidence of polar ice sheets. The data are best for the most recent of these ice-free episodes so we will concentrate on the Eocene.  相似文献   

The dust distribution within the inner coma of comet P/Halley 1982i: encounter by Giotto's impact detectors     

McDonnell JA  Alexander WM  Burton WM  Bussoletti E  Evans GC  Evans ST  Firth JG  Grard RJ  Green SF  Grun E  Hanner MS  Hughes DW  Igenbergs E  Kissel J  Kuczera H  Lindblad BA  Langevin Y  Mandeville JC  Nappo S  Pankiewicz GS  Perry CH  Schwehm GH  Sekanina Z  Stevenson TJ  Zarnecki JC et AL 《Astronomy and Astrophysics》1987,187(1-2):719-741

Analysis of the data from Giotto's Dust Impact Detection System experiment (DIDSY) is presented. These data represent measurement of the size of dust grains incident on the Giotto dust shield along its trajectory through the coma of comet P/Halley on 1986 March 13/14. First detection occurred at some 287000 km distance from the nucleus on the inbound leg; the majority of the DIDSY subsystems remained operational after closest approach (604 km) yielding the last detection at about 202000 km from the nucleus. In order to improve the data coverage (and especially for the smallest grains, to approximately 10(-19) kg particle mass), data from the PIA instrument has been combined with DIDSY data. Flux profiles are presented for the various mass channels showing, to a first approximation, a 1/R2 flux dependence, where R is the distance of the detection point from the cometary nucleus, although significant differences are noted. Deviations from this dependence are observed, particularly close to the nucleus. From the flux profiles, mass and geometrical area distributions for the dust grains are derived for the trajectory through the coma. Groundbased CCD imaging of the dust continuum in the inner coma at the time of encounter is also used to derive the area of grains intercepted by Giotto. The results are consistent with the area functions derived by Giotto data and the low albedo of the grains deduced from infrared emission. For the close encounter period (-5 min to +5 min), the cumulative mass distribution function has been investigated, initially in 20 second periods; there is strong evidence from the data for a steepening of the index of the mass distribution for masses greater than 10(-13) kg during passage through dust jets which is not within the error limits of statistical uncertainty. The fluences for dust grains along the entire trajectory is calculated; it is found that extrapolation of the spectrum determined at intermediate masses (cumulative mass index alpha = 0.85) is not able to account for the spacecraft deceleration as observed by the Giotto Radio Science Experiment and by ESOC tracking operations. Data at large masses (>10(-8) kg) recently analysed from the DIDSY data set show clear evidence of a decrease in the mass distribution index at these masses within the coma, and it is shown that such a value of the mass index can provide sufficient mass for consistency with the observed deceleration. The total particulate mass output from the nucleus of comet P/Halley at the time of encounter would be dependent on the maximum mass emitted if this change in slope observed in the coma were also applicable to the emission from the nucleus; this matter is discussed in the text. The flux time profiles have been converted through a simple approach to modeling of the particle trajectories to yield an indication of nucleus surface activity. There is indication of an enhancement in flux at t approximately -29 s corresponding to crossing of the dawn terminator, but the flux detected prior to crossing of the dawn terminator is shown to be higher than predicted by simple modelling. Further enhancements corresponding to jet activity are detected around +190 s and +270 s.  相似文献   

Analysis of multiple enteric viral targets as sewage markers in coral reefs     

Lipp EK  Futch JC  Griffin DW 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(12):1897-1902

Water and coral mucus samples were collected from throughout the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and the Dry Tortugas for three years and were analyzed for human enteric viruses (enteroviruses, noroviruses, hepatitis A virus and adenoviruses) as conservative markers of human sewage using molecular methods. Of the 100 coral and water samples collected, 40 contained genetic material from one or more human enteric viruses. DNA-based adenoviruses were detected widely, in 37.8% of samples and at 91% of stations, including ‘pristine’ reefs in the Dry Tortugas; however, the detection rate was 12% for the RNA-based enteroviruses and noroviruses (hepatitis A virus was never detected). The disparity between the prevalence of RNA- and DNA-based viruses suggests the need for additional work to determine the utility of adenovirus as marker of human sewage.  相似文献   

同位素古水文学与储藏库长期性状的预测     

Fone.  JC  蒋秀玲 《国土资源信息化》1995,(8):31-33

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湘东北雁林寺金矿床成矿物质来源及成矿流体类型     

陆文  孙骥  周超  郭爱民  彭薇 《地球学报》2020,41(3):384-394

雁林寺金矿位于雪峰弧形构造带(江南造山带湖南段)东段,是湘东北地区一个较为典型的金矿床。本文在前人研究的基础上,统计分析了矿区不同地质体Au元素含量、稀土元素地球化学、微量元素地球化学特征,对比研究了矿区含金石英的H-O同位素、Sr同位素地球化学特征及成矿流体组成特征。提出赋矿围岩冷家溪群浊积岩在沉积阶段就具有明显的金富集。矿区矿石、(矿化)蚀变围岩、未蚀变围岩稀土、微量元素地球化学特征呈现出高度相似性。含金石英的H-O同位素地球化学、Sr同位素地球化学及成矿流体成分特征表明成矿流体为变质流体。综合矿区地质特征、不同地质体金含量、稀土-微量元素地球化学特征、H-O同位素、Sr同位素及成矿流体成分特征,认为地层中的金元素为雁林寺金矿床提供了成矿物质。  相似文献   

Evidence of chromosomal damage in common eiders (Somateria mollissima) from the Baltic Sea     

Matson CW  Franson JC  Hollmén T  Kilpi M  Hario M  Flint PL  Bickham JW 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(11-12):1066-1071

Common eiders nesting in the Baltic Sea are exposed to generally high levels of contaminants including potentially genotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorines. Blood samples were collected from eiders at eight sites in the Baltic Sea and two sites in the Beaufort Sea. DNA content variation was estimated using the flow cytometric method, and subsequently utilized as a biomarker of genetic damage. We observed no significant differences in genetic damage among populations within either the Baltic or Beaufort Seas. However, eider populations from the Baltic Sea had significantly elevated estimates of genetic damage compared to populations from the Beaufort Sea.  相似文献   

Colonization by aerobic bacteria in karst: laboratory and in situ experiments   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Personné JC  Poty F  Mahler BJ  Drogue C 《Ground water》2004,42(4):526-533

Experiments were carried out to investigate the potential for bacterial colonization of different substrates in karst aquifers and the nature of the colonizing bacteria. Laboratory batch experiments were performed using limestone and PVC as substrates, a natural bacterial isolate and a known laboratory strain (Escherichia coli [E. coli]) as inocula, and karst ground water and a synthetic formula as growth media. In parallel, fragments of limestone and granite were submerged in boreholes penetrating two karst aquifers for more than one year; the boreholes are periodically contaminated by enteric bacteria from waste water. Once a month, rock samples were removed and the colonizing bacteria quantified and identified. The batch experiments demonstrated that the natural isolate and E. coli both readily colonized limestone surfaces using karst ground water as the growth medium. In contrast, bacterial colonization of both the limestone and granite substrates, when submerged in the karst, was less intense. More than 300 bacterial strains were isolated over the period sampled, but no temporal pattern in colonization was seen as far as strain, and colonization by E. coli was notably absent, although strains of Salmonella and Citrobacter were each observed once. Samples suspended in boreholes penetrating highly fractured zones were less densely colonized than those in the borehole penetrating a less fractured zone. The results suggest that contamination of karst aquifers by enteric bacteria is unlikely to be persistent. We hypothesize that this may be a result of the high flow velocities found in karst conduits, and of predation of colonizing bacteria by autochthonous zooplankton.  相似文献   

Seasonal variability in the concentrations of Irgarol 1051 in Brighton Marina,UK; including the impact of dredging   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bowman JC  Readman JW  Zhou JL 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(4):444-451

Variations in Irgarol 1051 concentrations in the UK's largest marina at Brighton were determined regularly over a period of one year. Aqueous concentrations ranged from <1 to 960 ngl(-1) with highest mean concentrations generally associated with berths for larger vessels and with the main channels. Temporally, highest concentrations were recorded in November through to January and were probably associated with maintenance of vessels in an adjacent boatyard. Elevated levels were also encountered at the beginning of the season, coinciding with the introduction of newly antifouled vessels. Increased concentrations also followed dredging, possibly through re-mobilisation of Irgarol 1051. No correlations were found between dissolved Irgarol 1051 concentrations and pH, temperature or salinity. With the exception of sporadically high concentrations recorded for water samples (probably taken in close proximity to recently antifouled vessels), concentrations rarely exceeded the no observed effect concentration for marine periphyton of 63 ngl(-1). Concentrations of Irgarol 1051 in sediments sampled from the marina ranged from <1 to 77 ngg(-1). Apparent distribution coefficients (K(d)) calculated from sedimentary and aqueous samples (collected simultaneously) are generally within the range of K(d)'s reported from laboratory experiments.  相似文献