Environment and biology of the Kara Sea: a general view for contamination studies     

Miquel JC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2001,43(1-6):19-27

The recent revelation that over the past 30 years there has been a history of dumping waste including high-level radioactive wastes in the shallow Kara Sea has caused wide-spread concern. The potential impact of these contaminants and other non-nuclear pollutants in the Arctic ecosystem and on human health need to be assessed and, thus, a better insight gained on radioecological processes in cold waters. The present paper proposes a general view on the biology and the environment of the Kara Sea, as a basic tool for the experimental and modelling assessments of the impact of these contaminants.  相似文献   

Long-term temporal trends (1992-2008) of imposex status associated with organotin contamination in the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus along the Icelandic coast     

Guðmundsdóttir LÓ  Ho KK  Lam JC  Svavarsson J  Leung KM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,63(5-12):500-507

Using the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus as a biomonitor, we evaluated the organotin contamination along the Icelandic coast over nearly two decades. In 2008, adult dogwhelks collected from 30 locations were examined for imposex status. In 2009, tissue concentrations of six organotin species in dogwhelks from 16 of the 30 locations were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Tributyltin was the most predominant residue ranging from 2.07 to 70.38 μg kg(-1) dw, while triphenyltin was also detected at concentrations up to 22.79 μg kg(-1) dw. Higher total organotin concentrations and imposex indices were observed at locations near large harbours (Reykjavík and Hafnarfj?reur). By comparing the current imposex results with those of previous surveys (1992-2003), we found that recovery was slow near the large harbours, but more apparent near the smaller harbours. We also observed a notable increase in imposex at several northwest sites implying incessant input of organotins.  相似文献   

拉伸盆地温度,沈降和烃成熟度：一种有限元模型     

Berm.  JC 杨光 《世界地质》1994,13(2):107-112

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法国中部勒布尔讷克斯金矿床的成矿流体和热液作用过程     

Tour.  JC 杨少之 《国外地质(成都)》1990,(4):63-74

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水质监测:全球范围水质监测的方法     

R.赫尔默  陆文 《地理科学进展》1983,2(3):34-38

人类和每一种生物的生理生存都依赖于水,而许多人类食品的生产却又破坏了水质(如灌溉、鱼类产卵场的维护等)。要想评价地表水水质是比较困难的。与海水相比,它的离子含量变化非常大,海水是很均一的。  相似文献   

Retrieval of Sea Surface Wind Speed by One-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Microwave Radiometer     

艾未华  冯梦延  陆文  马烁  陈冠宇 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2021,27(1):62-69

One-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometers have higher spatial resolution and record measurements at multiple incidence angles. In this paper, we propose a multiple linear regression method to retrieve sea surface wind speed at an incidence angle between 0° ~65°. We assume that a one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometer operates at frequencies of 6.9, 10.65, 18.7, 23.8 and 36.5 GHz. Then, the microwave radiative transfer forward model is used to simulate the measured brightness temperatures. The sensitivity of the brightness temperatures at 0°~65° to the sea surface wind speed is calculated. Then, vertical polarization channels(VR), horizontal polarization channels(HR) and all channels(AR) are used to retrieve the sea surface wind speed via a multiple linear regression algorithm at 0° ~65°, and the relationship between the retrieval error and incidence angle is obtained. The results are as follows:(1) The sensitivity of the vertical polarization brightness temperature to the sea surface wind speed is smaller than that of the horizontal polarization.(2) The retrieval error increases with Gaussian noise. The retrieval error of VR first increases and then decreases with increasing incidence angle, the retrieval error of HR gradually decreases with increasing incidence angle, and the retrieval error of AR first decreases and then increases with increasing incidence angle.(3) The retrieval error of AR is the lowest and it is necessary to retrieve the sea surface wind speed at a larger incidence angle for AR.  相似文献   

Taxonomic level for assessing oil spill effects on soft-bottom sublittoral benthic communities   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Gomez Gesteira JL  Dauvin JC  Salvande Fraga M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(5):562-572

Infralittoral soft-bottom macrofauna abundance data collected during four-year surveys after the Aegean Sea (Galicia, Spain) and the Amoco Cadiz oil spill (Brittany, France) at a total of seven sites were analysed at three different taxonomic levels (species, genus, and family). The effects of the spills on macrofauna populations were very similar in the two areas. The post-spill time-courses of Shannon-Weaver diversity values were similar regardless of whether species-, genus- or family-level data were used. Non-metric multidimensional scaling identified well-defined groups of samples corresponding to different times post-spill, and again the results obtained were very similar regardless of the taxonomic level considered. In general, the use of genus- or family-level data did not lead to relevant information loss by comparison with species-level data. In view of these findings and those of previous studies of this type, we conclude that family-level data is generally sufficient for monitoring pollution effects in infralittoral soft-bottom environments.  相似文献   

基于COSMIC掩星资料的中国及周边地区云垂直结构特征研究     

韩丁  严卫  陆文  刘会发 《地球物理学进展》2013,28(1):36-48

利用2007年1月至2009年1月的气象、电离层及气候卫星探测系统(COSMIC)湿空气数据,基于相对湿度廓线出入云层时发生突变反演云边界高度进而获取云垂直结构参数的思想,对中国及周边八个不同地区云的垂直结构特征进行统计分析.结果表明:(1)不同地区掩星样本数随季节的变化较小,不同季节各地区间差异却较大,且多层云样本数日变化呈现明显的"双峰"结构;掩星最低探测高度集中在3.0km以下,各地区多层云受限制概率大于单层云,主要影响部分中低云参数的反演.(2)南方各地区云厚及晴空厚度都大于北方,双层云上层云厚大于下层,三层云从大到小依次为顶层、底层和中间层,且顶层与中间层晴空厚度大于中间层与底层;各地区不同季节内各层云云顶高具有相同的排列规律,云底高也基本遵循类似的排列顺序;多层云晴空厚度季节变化不显著,各季节内南方大于北方.(3)中国地区各类云云底高和云顶高二维频率季节变化不大,出现两个较大值区但分布高度各异;另外,南北方有不同的频率分布特点,其中西南和华南在16.0km以上出现"尾翼"分布,表明有深厚对流云产生.  相似文献   

Polycyclic musks in green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) from Hong Kong   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shek WM  Murphy MB  Lam JC  Lam PK 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):373-380

Six polycyclic musk compounds [Cashmeran (DPMI), Celestolide (ADBI), Phantolide (AHMI), Traseolide (ATII), Tonalide (AHTN), and Galaxolide (HHCB)] were analysed in marine green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) from Hong Kong. ADBI, HHCB and AHTN were detected in almost all samples, while AHMI, ATII and DPMI were not detected. Concentrations of ADBI, HHCB and AHTN in mussels ranged from below detection limit-0.0743 (mean: 0.0246), 0.247-6.08 (mean: 1.15) and 0.0591-0.738 (mean: 0.190)mg/kg lipid weight, respectively. Mussels from two sampling sites in central Victoria Harbour contained the highest total polycyclic musk levels, suggesting that these waters are heavily influenced by domestic sewage. Concentrations of HHCB and AHTN detected in the mussel samples were the second highest and the highest levels, respectively, compared to global concentrations. A preliminary risk assessment indicated that HHCB and AHTN in mussels pose little or no threat to the health of shellfish consumers. Nevertheless, more comprehensive studies are required to further assess the ecological and human health risks associated with polycyclic musks.  相似文献   

Delineation of regional arid karstic aquifers: an integrative data approach   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wolaver BD  Sharp JM  Rodriguez JM  Flores JC 《Ground water》2008,46(3):396-413

This research integrates data procedures for the delineation of regional ground water flow systems in arid karstic basins with sparse hydrogeologic data using surface topography data, geologic mapping, permeability data, chloride concentrations of ground water and precipitation, and measured discharge data. This integrative data analysis framework can be applied to evaluate arid karstic aquifer systems globally. The accurate delineation of ground water recharge areas in developing aquifer systems with sparse hydrogeologic data is essential for their effective long-term development and management. We illustrate the use of this approach in the Cuatrociénegas Basin (CCB) of Mexico. Aquifers are characterized using geographic information systems for ground water catchment delineation, an analytical model for interbasin flow evaluation, a chloride balance approach for recharge estimation, and a water budget for mapping contributing catchments over a large region. The test study area includes the CCB of Coahuila, Mexico, a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve containing more than 500 springs that support ground water-dependent ecosystems with more than 70 endemic organisms and irrigated agriculture. We define recharge areas that contribute local and regional ground water discharge to springs and the regional flow system. Results show that the regional aquifer system follows a topographic gradient that during past pluvial periods may have linked the Río Nazas and the Río Aguanaval of the Sierra Madre Occidental to the Río Grande via the CCB and other large, currently dry, upgradient lakes.  相似文献