Probabilistic leak detectability assessment via state estimation in water transport networks     

Sarai?DíazEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Roberto?Mínguez  Javier?González 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2018,32(7):2111-2128

Leak detectability or leakage awareness refers to the capability of sensing losses from a water supply system. Several methods exist in the technical literature to tackle this problem, but only few address it with a state estimation approach. The aim of this paper is to present a new methodology that enables probabilistic assessment of the extent to which water loss could be detected using state estimation by only analysing a single hydraulic state, i.e. one time period. Significant leaks are sensed by identifying unusually high normalised state estimation residuals, which can be identified based on the largest normalised residual test. More specifically, the probability of detecting leaks is computed here by working with the multivariate distribution among measurements and estimates to take into account the noisy nature of measurements with an analytical approach rather than with sampling experiments, which are time-consuming. The methodology set out herein also provides a procedure to systematically assess the minimum leak that could be detected in different parts of the network for a specific measurement setting and operating condition. The method has been applied to a water transport network case study to show its potential and to highlight the usefulness of such a tool for practitioners. The limitations of such a methodology are also discussed, including its possible use for on-line leak detection strategies.  相似文献   

Assessment of the influence of horizontal diaphragms on the seismic performance of vernacular buildings     

Javier Ortega  Graça Vasconcelos  Hugo Rodrigues  Mariana Correia 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(9):3871-3904

The awareness and preservation of the vernacular heritage and traditional construction techniques and materials is crucial as a key element of cultural identity. However, vernacular architecture located in earthquake prone areas can show a particularly poor seismic performance because of inadequate construction practices resulting from economic restraints and lack of resources. The horizontal diaphragms are one of the key aspects influencing the seismic behavior of buildings because of their major role transmitting the seismic actions to the vertical resisting elements of the structure. This paper presents a numerical parametric study adopted to understand the seismic behavior and resisting mechanisms of vernacular buildings according to the type of horizontal diaphragm considered. Detailed finite element modeling and nonlinear static (pushover) analyses were used to perform the thorough parametric study aimed at the evaluation and quantification of the influence of the type of diaphragm in the seismic behavior of vernacular buildings. The reference models used for this study simulate representative rammed earth and stone masonry vernacular buildings commonly found in the South of Portugal. Therefore, this paper also contributes for a better insight of the structural behavior of vernacular earthen and stone masonry typologies under seismic loading.  相似文献   

On the significance of the climate-dataset time resolution in characterising wind-driven rain and simultaneous wind pressure. Part I: scalar approach     

Pérez-Bella  José M.  Domínguez-Hernández  Javier  Cano-Suñén  Enrique  del Coz-Díaz  Juan J.  Alonso-Martínez  Mar 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2018,32(6):1783-1797

Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment - The joint action of wind-driven rain and wind pressure is the main cause of water penetration in building facades, which causes various...  相似文献   

An extreme wave event in eastern Yucatán,Mexico: Evidence of a palaeotsunami event during the Mayan times     

Javier Lario  Chris Spencer  Teresa Bardají  Ángel Marchante  Victor H. Garduño-monroy  Jorge Macias  Sergio Ortega 《Sedimentology》2020,67(3):1481-1504

The Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, has typically been considered a tectonically stable region with little significant seismic activity. The region though, is one that is regularly affected by hurricanes. A detailed survey of ca 100 km of the eastern Yucatán and Cozumel coast identified the presence of ridges containing individual boulders measuring >1 m in length. The boulder ridges reach 5 m in height and their origin is associated with extreme wave event activity. Previously modelled tsunami waves from known seismically active zones in the region (Muertos Thrust Belt and South Caribbean Deformed Belt) are not of sufficient scale in the area of the Yucatán Peninsula to have produced the boulder ridges recorded in this study. The occurrence of hurricanes in this region is more common, but two of the most destructive (Hurricane Gilbert 1988 and Hurricane Wilma 2005) produced coastal waves too small to have created the ridges recorded here. In this paper, a new tsunami model with a source area located on the Motagua/Swan Island Fault System has been generated that indicates a tsunami event may have caused the extreme wave events that resulted in the deposition of the boulder ridges.  相似文献   

东北地区浅成低温热液矿床的地质特征和构造背景   总被引：53，自引：0，他引：53  

祁进平  陈衍景  Franco PIRAJNO 《矿物岩石》2005,25(2):47-59

通过中国东北地区浅戍低温热液矿床的综合特征研究,将矿床的分布划分为德尔布干、呼玛、小兴安岭和吉东4个矿集区,根据其矿床地质、地球化学特征初步确定成矿流体主要来自大气降水,部分混有岩浆水;戍矿物质主要来自赋矿围岩和戍矿岩浆-流体系统;多数矿床形成于中低温、中浅成环境,个别矿床成矿温度高、深度大,显示了斑岩型或造山型与浅成低温溶液型成矿系统之间的连续性;厘定大规模成岩成矿时间为130Ma左右,构造环境是古亚洲洋闭合后陆陆碰撞过程的挤压-伸展转变体制,并以矿集区尺度的CMF模式解释了浅成低温热液矿床岩浆-流体系统的发育机制。  相似文献   

Modelling regional effects of artificial groundwater recharge in a multilayer aquifer characterized by perched water tables     

Víctor Gómez-Escalonilla  Javier Heredia  Pedro Martínez-Santos  Julio López-Gutiérrez  África De la Hera-Portillo 《水文研究》2024,38(2):e15085

This paper presents an approach to estimate the effects of a managed recharge experiment in a multilayer aquifer characterized by the presence of perched water tables in the Medina del Campo groundwater body, Douro basin, central Spain. A numerical model was developed to evaluate the effect of artificial recharge on the shallow sector of a regional-scale aquifer and on formerly active wetlands. The model was developed in the Visual MODFLOW Pro v.2011.1 environment in order to represent and analyse the regional impact of this artificial recharge event. Results suggest that the assumption of a single perched system may prove useful in regional contexts where data is limited. From a study site perspective, managed recharge is observed to increase shallow storage along the riverbanks, which is considered valuable for environmental purposes. However, downstream wetlands are unlikely to experience a significant recovery. Furthermore, only a small percentage of artificial recharge is expected to reach the deep regional aquifer. This method can be exported to settings characterized by the presence of perched aquifers and associated groundwater dependent ecosystems.  相似文献   

Influence of lunar phases,winds and seasonality on the stranding of mesopelagic fish in the Strait of Messina (Central Mediterranean Sea)          下载免费PDF全文

Pietro Battaglia  Giovanni Ammendolia  Mauro Cavallaro  Pierpaolo Consoli  Valentina Esposito  Danilo Malara  Ignazio Rao  Teresa Romeo  Franco Andaloro 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(5)

The shore stranding of mesopelagic fauna is a recurrent phenomenon in the Strait of Messina (Central Mediterranean Sea). The aim of this paper is to test the influence of lunar phases, winds and seasons upon the frequency of occurrence of strandings of mesopelagic fish. Species abundance in relation to these factors was quantified for the first time. Specimens were collected stranded on the shore along the Sicilian coast of the Strait of Messina between 2008 and 2016. Overall 32 species belonging to seven families (Gonostomatidae, Microstomatidae, Myctophidae, Paralepididae, Phosichthyidae, Sternoptychidae, Stomiidae) were found stranded. Myctophidae was the family including the highest number of species (16), whereas Gonostomatidae was the most abundant in terms of total number of individuals (47.2%), mainly thanks to the species Cyclothone braueri. The moon, which influences the strength of currents (highest during full and new moon phases) and irradiance (higher in some lunar phases, such as the full moon), affected the abundance of stranded mesopelagic fish in the study area. The highest number of stranding events was recorded during the new moon: 34.6% of the total relative abundance of stranded mesopelagic fish. Wind blowing from the sea towards the coastline (southeasterly and easterly winds) created the best conditions for strandings. The highest abundance of stranded specimens was recorded during the winter season.  相似文献   

Dynamic compaction evaluation using in situ tests in Sagunto’s Harbor,Valencia (Spain)     

F. Javier Torrijo  Julio Garzón-Roca  Santiago Alija  Mário Quinta-Ferreira 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(19):658

This paper presents an assessment on the use of dynamic compaction as a ground improvement technique in a port’s hydraulic fill in the new southern dock of Sagunto’s Harbor near Valencia (Spain). Soil behavior improvement was monitored by several in situ techniques such as boreholes with SPTs, DPSH, CPTU and CSWS geophysical tests. A total energy between 2188 and 3125 kN/m² (depending the area) was applied to the hydraulic fill by the dynamic compaction procedure. In situ techniques led to evaluate dynamic compaction efficiency, as well as controlling ground modifications that might cause potential damages to adjacent buildings. The dynamic compaction carried out was capable of fulfilling requirements established to use the area, that is, an average deformability modulus (E′) of 30 MPa with a minimum of 20 MPa, in a depth of 10 m. Moreover, dynamic compaction increased hydraulic fill relative density by about 75%.  相似文献   

Seismic Characteristics of the Vulcanian Explosions from the 2003–2005 Eruption at Colima Volcano,Mexico     

Francisco Javier Núñez-Cornú  Juan Manuel Espíndola  Fidencio Alejandro Nava Pichardo  Carlos Suárez-Plascencia 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2016,173(10-11):3513-3524

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Identification of T-Waves in the Alboran Sea     

Enrique Carmona  Javier Almendros  Gerardo Alguacil  Juan Ignacio Soto  Francisco Luzón  Jesús M. Ibáñez 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2015,172(11):3179-3188

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