近60年来长江河口河势变化及其对水动力和盐水入侵的影响I.河势变化   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

朱建荣  鲍道阳 《海洋学报》2016,38(12):11-22

河势是影响河口水动力和盐水入侵基本因子。本文利用20世纪50和70年代长江河口海图,数值化岸线和水深,结合2012年长江河口实测水深资料,分析长江河口自50年代以来的河势变化。长江河口为分汊河口,50年代仅为二级分汊,至70年代才形成三级分汊,四口入海的河势格局。70年代相比于50年代,北支淤浅严重,其上、中、下段容积变化分别为-64.13×106、-306.60×106和-639.27×106 m3,对应的变化率分别为-16.30%、-22.74%和-25.69%,均显著减小;南支的上、中、下段容积变化分别为-28.61×106、-35.69×106和126.43×106 m3,相应的变化率分别为-1.30%、-2.12%和4.36%;北港由于崇明浅滩和横沙浅滩的淤浅,下段容积明显减小,其上段和下段容积变化分别为109.21×106和-797.14×106 m3,对应的变化率分别为5.01%和-15.25%;南港上段由于河道淤浅容积减小,下段北由于铜沙浅滩被冲开形成北槽,导致水深变深、容积增加,其上段、下段北和下段南容积变化分别为-238.95×106、203.58×106和153.34×106 m3,对应的变化率分别为-8.96%、6.85%和3.26%。2012年相比于70年代,北支由于大量淤浅和围垦容积大幅减小,其上、中、下段容积变化分别为-199.06×106、-504.61×106和-654.12×106 m3,对应的变化率分别为-60.45%、-48.44%和-35.38%;南支的上、中、下段容积变化分别为92.34×106、193.01×106和-163.62×106 m3,相应的变化率分别为4.24%、11.73%和-5.40%;北港上段青草沙水库的围垦和下段横沙东滩的围垦造成面积和容积减小,其上段和下段容积变化分别为-154.64×106和-511.79×106 m3,对应的变化率分别为-6.75%和-11.55%;南港由于上段河道刷深而下段九段沙以及南汇边滩淤浅、围垦,导致其容积上段增加,下段减小,上段、下段北和下段南容积变化分别为136.39×106、-658.28×106和-1266.11×106 m3,对应的变化率分别为5.62%、-20.73%和-26.06%。  相似文献   

Anthropogenic,detritic and atmospheric soil-derived sources of lead in an alpine poor fen in northeast China     

Kun-shan Bao  Ji Shen  Guo-ping Wang  Shurkhuu Tserenpil 《山地科学学报》2016,13(2):255-264

Ombrotrophic bogs are faithful archive of atmospheric metal deposition,but the potential for fens to reconstruct environmental change is often underestimated.In this study,some new data on the Pb depositional history in northeast China were provided using two 210Pb-dated peat sequences from a poor fen in the Fenghuang Mountain of Heilongjiang province.Anthropogenic,detritic and atmospheric soil sources were discriminated using a two-step sequential digestion(weak acid leaching to liberate mobile Pb which is often regarded as anthropogenic Pb,especially for recent samples)and a ratio of unsupported 210 Pb and supported 210 Pb with the logic of that the 214 Pb mainly represents the residual detritus(constant throughout the core)and the unsupported 210 Pb arises from atmospheric fallout.A higher 210Pb/214 Pb suggests more contributions from atmospheric deposition to the Pb content in the peat,and a ratio of 10 was defined to indicate the boundary between detritic input and atmospheric deposition.The detritic Pbwas estimated to be 10~(-1)3 mg·kg~(-1),the anthropogenic Pb ranged from 10-80 mg·kg~(-1),and the atmospheric soil-derived Pb ranged from 5 mg·kg~(-1) to 30mg·kg~(-1).The history of anthropogenic Pb pollution over the last 150 years was reconstructed,and the calculated Pb deposition rate(AR Pb) ranged from 5to 56 mg·m-2·yr~(-1).Using Ti as a reliable reference,the enrichment factor of Pb(EF Pb) relative to the upper continental crust was calculated.Both AR Pb and EF Pb increased with time,especially after the foundation of the People's Republic of China.This is consistent with increasing industrialization and coal burning in the last 60 years in northeast China.The present record of anthropogenic Pb deposition was consistent with the previous reports and an increasing trend of environmental pollution due to anthropogenic activities,in contrasts to Europe and North America which have experienced a major environmental cleanup.For the first time,this work estimates atmospheric Pb deposition via a minerotrophic peat core in China.This will enhance the use of peat archives for studies of environmental change.  相似文献   

Association of myostatin variants with growth traits of Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri)     

Qiang Fu  Huihui Guo  Liying Feng  Xue Li  Lingling Zhang  Shi Wang  Xiaoli Hu  Zhenmin Bao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2016,15(1):145-151

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The Impact of Large-Scale Reclamation on Hydro-Dynamic Environment——A Case Study of Xinghua Bay     

YU Jing  BAO Xianwen  DING Yang  ZHANG Wei  ZHOU Lingling 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2016,15(4):583-592

A hydro-dynamic model is established on basis of MIKE21 FM to simulate the hydro-dynamic characteristics of Xinghua Bay and investigate the influence of reclamation project on the tidal elevation and tidal currents. Tidal elevation data was obtained at the six tide gauge stations around the Xinghua Bay, and another six current stations were established to observe the tidal current velocity and direction. Validation shows that the model-simulated tidal elevation and tidal currents agree well with observations made at different stations. Predictions are made according to the reclamation project proposed in the regional marine planning of Hanjiang Industrial Park around the port in Putian City. The variations of hydro-dynamic factors, such as tide, current velocity and direction and tidal influx are obtained, and the adverse effect of reclamation on marine environment is discussed. It is shown that the tidal level inside the Xinghua Bay during high tide decreases after the reclamation project is completed. The tidal currents during flooding tide generally decrease in the southeast of the reclamation region, with the maximum decreasing amplitude reaching 0.44 m s^-1. On the other hand, the tidal currents during flooding tide increase around the southeast and southwest corners of the reclamation region. The tidal currents during ebb tide increase around the southeast and southwest corners of the reclamation region, with the maximum increasing amplitude attaining 0.18 m s^-1. The results in this paper can give some guidance for the marine environment management and the effective utilization of land in Putian.  相似文献   

Pattern analysis of simple transverse dunes in China’s Qaidam Basin,north of the Kunlun Mountains   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chao Li  Zhibao Dong  Xujia Cui  Feng Bao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(9):729

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水位改正中的基准面空间内插及其误差约束          下载免费PDF全文

许军  暴景阳  于彩霞 《海洋测绘》2016,(6):11-14

分析了水位改正中隐含的基准面空间内插形式,理论推导了基准面空间内插的数学描述,表明水位改正中隐含的基准面空间内插方式与潮汐比较参数的内插方式相一致,基准面空间内插误差为基准面相对平均海面的垂直差距的空间内插误差。仿真实验对此进行了验证。现阶段减弱与控制该误差的最可行手段是,由L值模型仿真不同验潮站空间配置下基准面空间内插误差的空间分布,为验潮站布设设计提供先验信息。而未来建立以平均海面为基本海洋垂直基准的综合海洋垂直基准框架是最有效手段。海洋测量水深数据的处理和计算机存储都应保留以平均海面为基准面的成果,通过垂直基准转换方式可满足多用途需求。  相似文献   

A 150-year isotopic record of lead deposition in Yancheng coastal wetland,China     

Kunshan Bao  Ji Shen  Guixiang Quan  Fugang Liu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2016,26(6):755-769

Radioactive markers are useful in dating lead(Pb) deposition patterns from industrialization in sedimentary archives. As a well-known natural reserve in the world, Yancheng coastal wetland in Jiangsu Province is one of areas most sensitive to global sea level change and is located in the most developed and polluted region of China. Two cores were collected in Yancheng wetland in October 2013 and dated using ~(210)Pb and ~(137)Cs radiometric techniques. Sediments in both cores were sectioned into depth bands and examined systematically for dry bulk density, water content, magnetic susceptibility and grain-size. Multiple elements including Pb were also measured using inductively coupled plasma systems. Unsupported ~(210)Pb activities decreased with depth in both of the two cores, and ~(210)Pb chronologies were established(covering 150 years) using the constant rate of supply(CRS) model. The measured Pb contents ranged from 14.97 mg/kg to 29.40 mg/kg with average values of 17.17–22.79 mg/kg, and the Pb fluxes ranged from 41.70 mg/(m~2·yr) to 172.70 mg/(m~2·yr) with averages of 95.59–123.41 mg/(m~2·yr). Temporal variations of Pb flux, enrichment factors and Pb isotopes show a gradual and continuous increase over time and clearly reflect increased emissions from anthropogenic activities in the region. The Pb isotopic compositions show that most of Pb deposition in Yancheng wetland is input from natural sources by water flows and has the same levels of Pb as in the surface sediment of the Yangtze River and the Pacific mineral aerosol. We also stress the anthropogenic Pb contribution in Yangcheng wetland sediment and the reason of our Pb isotopes not showing anthropogenic signature is likely the instability of anthropogenic Pb in high Fe/Mn oxide conditions. Therefore, more attention should be paid to current local pollution problems, and society should take action to seek a balance between economic development and environmental protection.  相似文献   

Theoretical calculation of equilibrium Mg isotope fractionation between silicate melt and its vapor     

Haiyang Luo  Huiming Bao  Yuhong Yang  Yun Liu 《中国地球化学学报》2018,37(5):655-662

Isotope fractionation during the evaporation of silicate melt and condensation of vapor has been widely used to explain various isotope signals observed in lunar soils, cosmic spherules, calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions, and bulk compositions of planetary materials. During evaporation and condensation, the equilibrium isotope fractionation factor (α) between high-temperature silicate melt and vapor is a fundamental parameter that can constrain the melt’s isotopic compositions. However, equilibrium α is difficult to calibrate experimentally. Here we used Mg as an example and calculated equilibrium Mg isotope fractionation in MgSiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄ melt–vapor systems based on first-principles molecular dynamics and the high-temperature approximation of the Bigeleisen–Mayer equation. We found that, at 2500 K, δ²⁵Mg values in the MgSiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄ melts were 0.141?±?0.004 and 0.143?±?0.003‰ more positive than in their respective vapors. The corresponding δ²⁶Mg values were 0.270?±?0.008 and 0.274?±?0.006‰ more positive than in vapors, respectively. The general \(\alpha - T\) equations describing the equilibrium Mg α in MgSiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄ melt–vapor systems were: \(\alpha_{{{\text{Mg}}\left( {\text{l}} \right) - {\text{Mg}}\left( {\text{g}} \right)}} = 1 + \frac{{5.264 \times 10^{5} }}{{T^{2} }}\left( {\frac{1}{m} - \frac{1}{{m^{\prime}}}} \right)\) and \(\alpha_{{{\text{Mg}}\left( {\text{l}} \right) - {\text{Mg}}\left( {\text{g}} \right)}} = 1 + \frac{{5.340 \times 10^{5} }}{{T^{2} }}\left( {\frac{1}{m} - \frac{1}{{m^{\prime}}}} \right)\), respectively, where m is the mass of light isotope ²⁴Mg and m′ is the mass of the heavier isotope, ²⁵Mg or ²⁶Mg. These results offer a necessary parameter for mechanistic understanding of Mg isotope fractionation during evaporation and condensation that commonly occurs during the early stages of planetary formation and evolution.  相似文献   

赫南特冰期古海洋环境转变及其成因机制研究现状     

杨向荣  严德天  张利伟  张宝  徐翰文  刘文慧  郧嘉琳 《沉积学报》2018,36(2):319-332

奥陶纪-志留纪转折期是地质历史时期一个重要的时间节点,形成了广为人知的赫南特冰期。该冰期的形成不仅诱发了显生宙第二大的两幕生物绝灭事件,同样使海水中的地球化学元素循环受到强烈的影响,如海洋碳酸盐与大气CO₂的循环受到扰动,全球海平面的降低促使水体逐渐富氧化,进而导致海洋水体Mo、S、U等同位素值出现波动,而冈瓦纳大陆被冰雪大面积覆盖则削弱了铝硅酸盐岩的风化作用,并限制了陆壳放射性187Os、87Sr同位素向海水的运移。赫南特冰期的成因一直是学界探讨的热点,被归结于风化作用、火山活动的增强或有机碳的大量埋藏等因素,但对冰期的成因机制与持续时间仍具有较多的争论,其原因很多,比如缺乏独立的生物地层单元同时能够控制浅水碳酸盐岩及深水泥页岩区,缺少转折界限处高精度的地球化学信息与全球等时地层格架下的对比,以及未能排除风化作用、成岩作用和构造热事件对古海洋与古气候重建时的扰动等。  相似文献   

Hydrothermal Dolomite: A Review and PerspectiveEI北大核心CSCD     

Li Q.  Bao Z. 《大地构造与成矿学》2018,(4):699-717

Hydrothermal dolomite commonly closely associates with oil-gas reservoirs and sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits, the Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb-Zn deposits in particular. Host rocks of MVT deposits usually experienced extensive dolomitization, and indeed, hydrothermal dolomite is considered as a useful prospective indicator for MVT mineralization. However, genetic link between the hydrothermal dolomitization and MVT Pb-Zn mineralization is a matter of debate. This paper briefly reviewed the nomenclature and research history of hydrothermal dolomite, introduced the major geological, geochemical characteristics, and distribution of hydrothermal dolomite, spatial and possibly genetic relationship between hdyrothermal dolomite and hdyrothermal ore deposits and oil-gas reservoirs based on case studies including the occurrence of hydrothermal dolomites in MVT deposits in Southwest China. The temporal and genetic relationships between dolomitizaiton and thermal sulfate reduction, sulfide precipitation and thus the location of ore mineralization well worthy more attention, and comprehensive geological and isotope geochemical and state of art in situ techniques will contribute to understanding of the genesis of hydrotherml dolomite and the spatially related ore deposits and oil-gas reservoirs. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.  相似文献