Distribution of organochlorines in the dissolved and suspended phase of the sea-surface microlayer and seawater in Hong Kong, China     

Wurl O  Obbard JP  Lam PK 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(7):768-777

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured in the dissolved and suspended particulate phase in the sea-surface microlayer (SML) and subsurface water (SSW) collected from Hong Kong's coastal environment. The concentration ranges (pg/L) for summation sigmaHCHs, summation sigmaDDTs and summation sigmaPCBs in the SSW dissolved phase (DP i.e. sum of truly dissolved and colloidal phase) were 409-940 (mean 602), 774-5583 (mean 1908) and 266-433 (mean 278), respectively. The concentration ranges (pg/L) for summation sigmaHCHs, summation sigmaDDTs and summation sigmaPCBs in SSW suspended particulate matter (SPM) were <5-85 (mean 59), 358-1369 (mean 787) and 85.6-273 (mean 172), respectively. The enrichment factor of PCBs and OCPs in the SML varied between 1.1 and 4.5 for the DP, and 0.4-8.2 for the SPM. The distribution of contaminants between DP and SPM in both the SML and SSW indicates that particulate matter plays an important role in the distribution and fate of DDTs and PCBs, but not for HCH isomers. The Pearl River Estuary is likely to be a major source of contaminants transported to Hong Kong.  相似文献   

How fixed is fixed? Gendered rigidity of space–time constraints and geographies of everyday activities     

Tim Schwanen  Mei-Po Kwan  Fang Ren 《Geoforum》2008,(6):2109-2121

The space–time fixity constraint that binds activities to specific times and places has long been considered an important concept in transportation, feminist and communication geography. However, only few studies to date have directly examined differences in the space–time fixity of everyday activities, and the knowledge of how the context of activity participation affects space–time fixity is even more limited. Using space–time diary data from Columbus (Ohio, USA) and multilevel models, we investigate how variations in fixity levels are associated with activity type, other activity attributes, and the personal, household and geographical background of the person pursuing the activity. We consider whether these associations differ between men and women to understand better how space–time constraints operate differently in the everyday lives of men and women. The results suggest that context matters: fixity levels depend not just on activity type but also on when, where, for how long, with whom an activity is conducted, as well as on the background of the person initiating the activity, and some of these effects differ systematically between men and women. Implications of the findings for academic research and public policies are also discussed.  相似文献   

Geo-Narrative: Extending Geographic Information Systems for Narrative Analysis in Qualitative and Mixed-Method Research∗     

Mei-Po Kwan  Guoxiang Ding 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):443-465

This research seeks to contribute to advancing qualitative methodologies at the intersection of qualitative geographic information systems (GIS), narrative analysis, 3D GIS-based time-geographic methods, and computer-aided qualitative data analysis. The approach to GIS-based narrative analysis developed in the study, called “geo-narrative,” is based on extending current GIS capabilities for the analysis and interpretation of narrative materials such as oral histories, life histories, and biographies. The three central elements in this approach are (1) narrative analysis as the qualitative approach; (2) 3D GIS-based time-geographic methods as the representational framework; and (3) 3D-VQGIS as the GIS-based computer-aided qualitative data analysis component. A case example based on a study of the lives of the Muslim women in Columbus, Ohio, after 11 September 2001 is used to illustrate the approach.  相似文献   

Main nutritional contents of 30 Dalian coastal microalgae species     

苏秀榕  刘慧慧CHEINKwanPaul 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2004,22(4):436-439

This paper reports results of study on the contents of proteins, amino acids, polysaccharose and uronic acids in 30 species of macroalgae from Shicao, Heishijiao, Shimiao, and Xiaofujiazhuang in the vicinity of Dalian City, N.E.China. The results showed that the protein contents of the 30 algae from highest (112.55μg/ml) to the lowest (0.24 p.g/ml) was in the descending order of Dictyopteris ndalata, Gelidium vagum,Gymnogongrus japonican, Ectocarpus confervoides, Tinocladia crassa, Sargassum thunberii. In general, the protein content in red algae was higher than that in brown algae. The content of free ami no acids showed nosignificent differences from 7.44μg/ml-4.96μg/ml in all these algae, in the descending order of Gymnogongrusrus japonican, Sargassum confusum, Undoria pinnatifida, Laminaria japonica and Ectocarpus confervoides. The content of polysaccharose varied from 168.2 gg/ml-22.15 p.g/ml in the descending order of Symphyocladiaia tiuscula, Scytosiphon lomentarius, Desmarestia viridis., Tinocladia crassa, Gracilaria asiatica and Porphyra yezoensis. The content of uronic acids is from 196.24μg/ml-20.77μg/ml in the descending order of Ulva lactuca,Symphyoclaldia latiuscula, Scytosiphon lomentarius, Ceramimum kondoi, Gracilaria vemucosa and Porphyra yezoensis. The fatty acids in 30 species of algae belong to Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Phaeophyta. Most phaeophytes have many (4-12) types of fatty acids.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Physical modeling of baffles influence on landslide debris mobility     

C. W. W. Ng  C. E. Choi  D. Song  J. S. H. Kwan  R. C. H. Koo  H. Y. K. Shiu  K. K. S. Ho 《Landslides》2015,12(3):627-627

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Determining the 3D Structure of the Corona Using Vertical Height Constraints on Observed Active Region Loops     

G. Allen Gary  Qiang Hu  Jong Kwan Lee  Markus J. Aschwanden 《Solar physics》2014,289(10):3703-3721

The corona associated with an active region is structured by high-temperature, magnetically dominated closed and open loops. The projected 2D geometry of these loops is captured in EUV filtergrams. In this study using SDO/AIA 171 Å filtergrams, we expand our previous method to derive the 3D structure of these loops, independent of heliostereoscopy. We employ an automated loop recognition scheme (Occult-2) and fit the extracted loops with 2D cubic Bézier splines. Utilizing SDO/HMI magnetograms, we extrapolate the magnetic field to obtain simple field models within a rectangular cuboid. Using these models, we minimize the misalignment angle with respect to Bézier control points to extend the splines to 3D (Gary, Hu, and Lee 2014). The derived Bézier control points give the 3D structure of the fitted loops. We demonstrate the process by deriving the position of 3D coronal loops in three active regions (AR 11117, AR 11158, and AR 11283). The numerical minimization process converges and produces 3D curves which are consistent with the height of the loop structures when the active region is seen on the limb. From this we conclude that the method can be important in both determining estimates of the 3D magnetic field structure and determining the best magnetic model among competing advanced magnetohydrodynamics or force-free magnetic-field computer simulations.  相似文献   

Non-equilibrium ionization model for stellar cluster winds and its application     

Li Ji  Q. Daniel Wang  John Kwan 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,372(2):497-509

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我国台湾及其附近海底地形对黑潮途径的影响     

管秉贤 《海洋科学集刊》1978,(14):1-22

台湾是我国第一大岛，其形略呈椭圆，长轴指向NNE，约长205海里(~380公里),短轴约80海里(~150公里)。台湾东临太平洋，海底地形峻陡，等深线大都与海岸平行，在离岸数十海里处，水深激增达4千米以上；西临台湾海峡，海底地形平坦，水深多在50-60米左右。 台湾东北角，在三貂角—苏澳以东，地形急变，等深线变成与海岸近乎正交而作ESE走向，水深从南北两侧的1000-2000米陡减为500米左右，最浅处尚不及200米。这就是本文中所提到的海脊。 台湾西南角，在高雄、恒春以西，等深线亦呈横斜状，水深自南向北锐减(图1)。 北赤道流在吕宋以北分为两支：东支即沿台湾东岸北上的黑潮主干，西支(黑潮分支)一部分进入南海，另一部分在夏季，又沿台湾西岸北上，后者在流出台湾海峡后，在台湾东北方与黑潮主干相会，“并肩地”流向东北(须田皖次，1948)。所以，可以认为，夏季，台湾是位于黑潮及其分支(以下或称东支及西支)的绕流之中。 北赤道流主轴在吕宋以东部分的流幅约45-90海里(85-170公里)(见Stommel及Yoshida，1972，第155页，图26a，b，c)，故台湾东西向的幅度约为北赤道流流幅的1.8-0.9倍。这样尺度的一个大岛，屹立在黑潮所流经的区域中，其影响显然是可观的。 关于台湾及其附近海底地形对黑潮途径的影响，过去还很少予以注意。本文拟从下列两方面，(1)台湾岛本身对黑潮的影响；(2)台湾附近海底地形对黑潮的影响，试作一些探讨。这些都是黑潮动力学中的重要问题，是黑潮的姊妹流——湾流所没有遇到的，值得深入研究。本文旨在着重提出这一问题，以期引起同行的注意，并进而解决这一问题。 本文所用资料均分别引自：(1)日本水产试验场，《海洋调查要报》，Nos. 44-69；(2)日本气象厅，《气象厅海洋气象观测资料》，Nos. 28-30，54。  相似文献   

Geospatial Ontology Development and Semantic Analytics   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

I Budak Arpinar  Amit Sheth  Cartic Ramakrishnan  E Lynn Usery  Molly Azami  Mei-Po Kwan 《Transactions in GIS》2006,10(4):551-575

Geospatial ontology development and semantic knowledge discovery addresses the need for modeling, analyzing and visualizing multimodal information, and is unique in offering integrated analytics that encompasses spatial, temporal and thematic dimensions of information and knowledge. The comprehensive ability to provide integrated analysis from multiple forms of information and use of explicit knowledge make this approach unique. This also involves specification of spatiotemporal thematic ontologies and populating such ontologies with high quality knowledge. Such ontologies form the basis for defining the meaning of important relations terms, such as near or surrounded by, and enable computation of spatiotemporal thematic proximity measures we define. SWETO (Semantic Web Technology Evaluation Ontology) and geospatial extension SWETO‐GS are examples of these ontologies. The Geospatial Semantics Analytics (GSA) framework incorporates: (1) the ability to automatically and semi‐automatically tract metadata from syntactically (including unstructured, semi‐structured and structured data) and semantically heterogeneous and multimodal data from diverse sources; and (2) analytical processing that exploits these ontologies and associated knowledge bases, with integral support for what we term spatiotemporal thematic proximity (STTP) reasoning and interactive visualization capabilities. This paper discusses the results of our geospatial ontology development efforts as well as some new semantic analytics methods on this ontology such as STTP.  相似文献   

Seismic test of a full‐scale model of a five‐storey stone pagoda     

Jae Kwan Kim  Hyeuk Ryu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(5):731-750

A moderate size earthquake of magnitude 5 occurred at Whagae‐Myun, Hadong‐Gun, Kyongsangnam‐Do, Korea on 4 July 1936. It caused severe damage to the buildings and other structures in Sang‐Gye‐Sa, a famous and beautiful Buddhist temple. A five‐storey stone pagoda was standing in front of Keumdang, the main building. The top component of the pagoda was tipped over and fell down to the ground during the earthquake. In order to have a quantitative estimate of the intensity of the earthquake, a full‐scale model was constructed through a rigorous verification process. The completed model was mounted on a shaking table and subjected to two kinds of dynamic test: exploratory test and fragility test. The exploratory test was performed with low intensity shaking. In the fragility test, the failure modes of the model were investigated while increasing the shaking intensity. The construction details of the model are described and test procedures are reported. Important relations between failure modes and characteristics of ground motion were obtained from the tests. The intensity of the 1936 earthquake was estimated from the examination of test results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献