The Role of Ocean Tides on Groundwater-Surface Water Exchange in a Mangrove-Dominated Estuary: Shark River Slough,Florida Coastal Everglades,USA     

Christopher G. Smith  René M. Price  Peter W. Swarzenski  Jeremy C. Stalker 《Estuaries and Coasts》2016,39(6):1600-1616

Low-relief environments like the Florida Coastal Everglades (FCE) have complicated hydrologic systems where surface water and groundwater processes are intimately linked yet hard to separate. Fluid exchange within these low-hydraulic-gradient systems can occur across broad spatial and temporal scales, with variable contributions to material transport and transformation. Identifying and assessing the scales at which these processes operate is essential for accurate evaluations of how these systems contribute to global biogeochemical cycles. The distribution of ²²²Rn and ^223,224,226Ra have complex spatial patterns along the Shark River Slough estuary (SRSE), Everglades, FL. High-resolution time-series measurements of ²²²Rn activity, salinity, and water level were used to quantify processes affecting radon fluxes out of the mangrove forest over a tidal cycle. Based on field data, tidal pumping through an extensive network of crab burrows in the lower FCE provides the best explanation for the high radon and fluid fluxes. Burrows are irrigated during rising tides when radon and other dissolved constituents are released from the mangrove soil. Flushing efficiency of the burrows—defined as the tidal volume divided by the volume of burrows—estimated for the creek drainage area vary seasonally from 25 (wet season) to 100 % (dry season) in this study. The tidal pumping of the mangrove forest soil acts as a significant vector for exchange between the forest and the estuary. Processes that enhance exchange of O₂ and other materials across the sediment-water interface could have a profound impact on the environmental response to larger scale processes such as sea level rise and climate change. Compounding the material budgets of the SRSE are additional inputs from groundwater from the Biscayne Aquifer, which were identified using radium isotopes. Quantification of the deep groundwater component is not obtainable, but isotopic data suggest a more prevalent signal in the dry season. These findings highlight the important role that both tidal- and seasonal-scale forcings play on groundwater movement in low-gradient hydrologic systems.  相似文献   

On the Probable Depth of the Gault Sea     

F.G.H. Price 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》1875,4(5):269-278

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The biogeochemistry of major elements of the suspended particulate matter of the Cretan Sea     

N. B. Price  F. S. Lindsay  J. M. Pates   《Progress in Oceanography》1999,44(4):459

The biogeochemistry of the following elements Al, Fe, Si_bio, POC, PN_tot, Ca_bio, S_org, P and Mn has been studied within waters of the Cretan Sea in March and September 1994, as part of the PELAGOS project. Particulate aluminosilicate concentrations, exemplified by Al, are very low (<1 μgl⁻¹) especially in the upper waters. Higher concentrations occur below 200 m, especially at depths of 200 m and 500–700 m in the central and eastern areas, and are thought to result from sediment injections from the shelf edge and slope. The results for Si_bio, Ca_bio, P and S_org show much higher concentrations within the photic waters. Temporal and spatial high concentrations in these waters closely relate to the existence of cyclonic eddies on the east and west sides of the sea, while low concentrations are associated with an intervening anticyclonic eddy. However in September, discharge of Black Sea Water in the west sufficiently suppresses the thermocline to prevent upwelled water from reaching the surface and hence these substances are prevented from forming.Particulate Fe (expressed as Fe_excess) concentrations show much higher concentrations relative to Al in September, and are thought to result from additional atmospheric inputs. The low particulate Mn concentrations in the upper water compared with deeper waters are considered to be a product of photoinhibition of MnO_x precipitation from Mn(II).An attempt has been made to assess input/output budgets of Al, Ca, Fe and Mn through the Antikithira and Kassos Straits. Much of the outflows leave through the Kassos Strait and, except for Ca, net outflows through the Antikithira Straits are negligible.  相似文献   

Some effects of certain metals on development and mortality within the moult cycle of crangon crangon (L.)     

R.K.J. Price  R.F. Uglow 《Marine environmental research》1979,2(4):287-299

Crangon crangon (L.) (Crustacea: Decapoda) were subjected to three metals (Cd, Cu and Zn) at respective concentrations (0·35, 1·6 and 14·4mg/litre) that would induce 50% mortality in 5–6 days. Significantly different (P < 0·05) rates of mortality occurred in the three groups, although their ET₅₀'s were almost identical. No moultstage-dependent mortality was observed for Cd, but in Cu and Zn the post-moult stages (A and B) were more susceptible than either the intermoult (C_a and C_b) or premoult (D₀–D₄) stages.No significant (P> 0·05) sex- or size-dependent mortality was evident at the tested concentrations of these metals.Feeding and ecdysis were inhibited in all metals after day 3 and development from one moult-stage to the next was greatly reduced in Cd.Possible modes of toxicity have been discussed in terms of the physiological condition inferred from the moult-stage at the time of death.  相似文献   

Evaporation from a blanket bog in a foggy coastal environment     

Jonathan S. Price 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1991,57(4):391-406

Frequent fog severely restricts evaporation from blanket bogs in Newfoundland because it more than halves the radiant energy input, and it eliminates the vapor pressure deficit, resulting in evaporation at the equilibrium rate (average = 0.99 during fog). During these periods, there is no surface resistance to evaporation because the bog has been wetted by fog drip, and although the latent heat flux dominates over sensible heat (average = 0.8), both are small. In contrast, the surface dries during clear periods, increasing the surface resistance to evaporation so that sensible heat becomes more important ( = 1.05). When the mosses are dry, evaporation is below the equilibrium rate ( = 0.87), although the higher available energy ensures that actual evaporation is higher. During clear periods, daily evaporation averaged 2.5 mm, compared to 1.1 and 0.7 mm for fog and rain, respectively. The suppressed evaporation at this site is important in maintaining appropriate hydrological conditions for blanket bog development.  相似文献   

Developing building-damage scales for lahars: application to Merapi volcano,Indonesia     

Susanna F. Jenkins  Jeremy C. Phillips  Rebecca Price  Kate Feloy  Peter J. Baxter  Danang Sri Hadmoko  Edouard de Bélizal 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2015,77(9):1-17

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Comparative study of dissolved organic matter from groundwater and surface water in the Florida coastal Everglades using multi-dimensional spectrofluorometry combined with multivariate statistics   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Meilian Chen  René M. Price  Youhei Yamashita  Rudolf Jaffé 《Applied Geochemistry》2010

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in groundwater and surface water samples from the Florida coastal Everglades were studied using excitation–emission matrix fluorescence modeled through parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). DOM in both surface and groundwater from the eastern Everglades S332 basin reflected a terrestrial-derived fingerprint through dominantly higher abundances of humic-like PARAFAC components. In contrast, surface water DOM from northeastern Florida Bay featured a microbial-derived DOM signature based on the higher abundance of microbial humic-like and protein-like components consistent with its marine source. Surprisingly, groundwater DOM from northeastern Florida Bay reflected a terrestrial-derived source except for samples from central Florida Bay well, which mirrored a combination of terrestrial and marine end-member origin. Furthermore, surface water and groundwater displayed effects of different degradation pathways such as photodegradation and biodegradation as exemplified by two PARAFAC components seemingly indicative of such degradation processes. Finally, Principal Component Analysis of the EEM-PARAFAC data was able to distinguish and classify most of the samples according to DOM origins and degradation processes experienced, except for a small overlap of S332 surface water and groundwater, implying rather active surface-to-ground water interaction in some sites particularly during the rainy season. This study highlights that EEM-PARAFAC could be used successfully to trace and differentiate DOM from diverse sources across both horizontal and vertical flow profiles, and as such could be a convenient and useful tool for the better understanding of hydrological interactions and carbon biogeochemical cycling.  相似文献   

陕西省略阳县杨家坝多金属矿区成矿作用地球化学示踪   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

赵甫峰  刘显凡  朱赖民  楚亚婷  李春辉  蔡永文  蔡飞跃 《岩石学报》2010,26(5):1465-1478

本文以陕西省略阳县杨家坝多金属矿区为例,通过对该矿区岩(矿)石和各类脉体的岩相学、稀土和微量元素及流体包裹体地球化学示踪发现,多金属中重晶石的形成及硅化、碳酸盐化、滑石化、纤闪石化、绢云母化和绿泥石化和透闪石岩的含氟浅闪石及隐晶硅质玻璃和微晶硅质,这表明与成矿蚀变有关的热液流体是一种不同于一般地壳流体的富硅、钛、铁、碱质和挥发份,并具备熔体性质的成矿流体。各类样品的稀土元素配分模式明显富集LREE,在Ce、Eu、Yb异常的组合上也各具特征。LREE富集是地幔流体作用的显著特征之一;矿石和脉体的负Ce、正Eu和负Yb异常以及流体包裹体中H2O-C6H6成分,是高温还原地幔流体的重要标志;正Ce和负Eu异常的出现,以及Ce、Eu、Yb异常的减弱和消失则是壳幔混染叠加改造的显示。综合研究表明:矿区成矿过程可能统一受制于秦岭地区碰撞造山背景下具高温还原性质的地幔流体作用,且由此引发壳幔强烈混染的叠加改造作用在成矿过程中发挥了重要作用。  相似文献   

The geochemistry of the Dunedin Volcano: Strontium isotope chemistry     

R. C. Price  W. Compston 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1973,42(1):55-61

The isotopic composition of strontium has been determined for samples from the alkaline lavas of the Dunedin Volcano covering the range basalt, basanite, intermediate compositions, phonolite and quartz normative trachyte. The basaltic, intermediate and phonolitic rocks appear to be comagmatic and have similar low initial Sr⁸⁷/Sr⁸⁶ ratios around 0.7030, comparable with those of other alkaline provinces. The quartz normative trachytes have initial ratios significantly higher than those of the other rocks (0.7040) although their age is comparable. Contamination by sea water or crustal material could explain the higher initial ratios of the trachytes but it does not account for important features of their chemistry. It is suggested that the trachytes formed by partial melting involving an alkali feldspar-rich portion of older igneous rocks. Rb-Sr ages obtained are comparable with published K-Ar dates. The Rb-Sr age for the trachytes is 14.± 7 m.y. and the other alkali-enriched rocks give ages ranging within the limits of 14.4 to 12.0 m.y.  相似文献   

The geochemistry of the Dunedin Volcano,East Otago,New Zealand: Rare earth elements     

R. C. Price  S. R. Taylor 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1973,40(3):195-205

A variety of alkaline lavas from the Dunedin Volcano have been analyzed for the rare earth elements (REE) La-Yb. The compositions analyzed were: basalt-hawaiite-mugearite-benmoreite; basanite, nepheline hawaiite, nepheline trachyandesite and nepheline benmoreite; trachyte; phonolite. The series from basalt to mugearite shows continuous enrichment in the REE, consistent with a crystal fractionation model involving removal of olivine and clinopyroxene. From mugearite to benmoreite there is a depletion in the REE which is explained by the appearance of apatite as a liquidus phase. The chondrite normalized REE patterns for the phonolites are characterized by strong enrichment and fractionation coupled with a sharp depletion in Eu. Removal of plagioclase from benmoreite magma is suggested for the derivation of the phonolites. The series basanite-nepheline hawaiite, and basanite-nepheline hawaiite-nepheline benmoreite appear to be high pH₂O analogues of the series basalt-ben-moreite, with enrichment of the REE being achieved by removal of clinopyroxene, kaersutite and olivine. Compared with other lavas the trachyte has low REE abundances and is characterized by a striking positive Eu anomaly.  相似文献