丝绸之路明长城遗址的病害性态研究          下载免费PDF全文

唐洪敏  石玉成  刘琨  卢育霞  郭鹏  魏来  李桐林 《地震工程学报》2018,40(6):1278-1286

明长城遗址是与丝绸之路沿线赋存环境相统一的开放系统,遗址的病害表观、时空演化受环境因素影响显著。调查丝绸之路遗址区的气候特征和地质地貌、地震活动等环境特征并选取具有差异性环境特征的典型遗址,通过史料查阅、野外考察和室内分析测试,结合遗址区环境特征和建筑形制、土体性质研究各类病害在不同因素影响下其表观特征及空间分布规律,验证各类病害形成与发展的存在性,进一步揭示病害演化机制,为防治和监测病害的形成和发展提供参考,提出在遗址加固保护中应基于各类病害的表征及机理有的放矢地设计全面的保护方案,这对土遗址的长期保存有着重要意义。  相似文献   

Hazard-dependent soil factors for site-specific elastic acceleration response spectra of Italian and European seismic building codes     

G. Andreotti  A. Famà  C. G. Lai 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(12):5769-5800

To define the seismic input in non-liquefiable soils, current seismic standards give the possibility to treat local site effects using a simplified approach. This method is generally based on the introduction of an appropriate number of soil categories with associated soil factors that allow modifying the shape of the elastic acceleration response spectrum computed at rocky (i.e. stiff) sites. Although this approach is highly debated among researchers, it is extensively used in practice due to its easiness. As a matter of fact, for standard projects, this method represents the driving approach for the definition of the seismic input. Nevertheless, recent empirical and numerical studies have risen doubts about the reliability and safety of the simplified approach in view of the tendency of the current soil factors of Italian and European building codes to underestimate the acceleration at the free surface of the soil deposit. On the other hand, for certain soil classes, the current soil factors seem to overestimate ground amplification. Furthermore, the occurrence of soil nonlinearity, whose magnitude is linked to both soil type and level of seismic intensity, highlights the fallacy of using constant soil factors for sites with a different seismic hazard. The objective of this article is to propose a methodology for the definition of hazard-dependent soil factors and simultaneously quantify the reliability of the coefficients specified in the current versions of Eurocode 8 (CEN 2005) and Italian Building Code (NTC8 2008 and revision NTC18 2018). One of the most important outcome of this study is the quantification of the relevance of soil nonlinearity through the definition of empirical relationships between soil factors and peak ground acceleration at outcropping rock sites with flat topological surface (reference condition).  相似文献   

永安井数字化水位观测资料干扰     

全建军  陈美梅  刘水莲  郑永通  林慧卿  刘礼诚  郑志泓  赖见深 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,38(5):113-120

永安冷冻厂深井是东南沿海最深的地震地下水动态观测井,井深1 000.44 m,本文介绍了永安井的地质构造及正常动态变化规律,通过对永安井数字化水位观测资料的分析,总结日常观测过程中可能遇到的多种干扰因素,从自然因素、外界环境因素、人为干扰因素、仪器自身因素等典型表现,提高对非地震前兆干扰因素的识别,以便更好地排除干扰,提高仪器观测资料质量。  相似文献   

Evaluation and hydrologic validation of TMPA satellite precipitation product downstream of the Pearl River Basin,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Zhaoli Wang  Ruida Zhong  Chengguang Lai 《水文研究》2017,31(23):4169-4182

With high spatio‐temporal resolution and wide coverage, satellite‐based precipitation products can potentially fill the deficiencies of traditional in situ gauge precipitation observations and provide an alternative data source for ungauged areas. However, due to the relatively poor accuracy and high uncertainty of satellite‐based precipitation products, it remains necessary to assess the quality and applicability of the products for each investigated area. This study evaluated the accuracy and error of the latest Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi‐satellites Precipitation Analysis 3B42‐V7 satellite‐based precipitation product and validated the applicability of the product for the Beijiang and Dongjiang River Basins, downstream of the Pearl River Basin in China. The study first evaluated the accuracy, error, and bias of the 3B42‐V7 product during 1998–2006 at daily and monthly scale via comparison with in situ observations. The study further validated the applicability of the product via hydrologic simulation using the variable infiltration capacity hydrological model for three hydrological stations in the Beijiang River Basin, considering two scenarios: a streamflow simulation with gauge‐calibrated parameters (Scenario I) and a simulation after recalibration with the 3B42‐V7 product (Scenario II). The results revealed that (a) the 3B42‐V7 product produced acceptable accuracy both at the daily scale and high accuracy at the monthly scale while generally tending to overestimate precipitation; (b) the product clearly overestimated the frequency of no rainfall events at the grid cell scale and light rainfall (<1 mm/day) events at the region scale and also overestimated the amount of heavy rain (25–50 mm/day) and hard rain (≥50 mm/day) events; (c) under Scenario I, the 3B42‐V7 product performed poorly at three stations with gauge‐calibrated parameters; under Scenario II, the recalibrated model provided significantly improved performance of streamflow simulation with the 3B42‐V7 product; (d) the variable infiltration capacity model has the ability to reveal the hydrological characteristics of the karst landform in the Beijiang Basin when using the 3B42‐V7 product.  相似文献   

新疆地区自动地震速报震级偏差分析     

南芳芳  张锋  龚固斌  赖爱京  黄帅堂  冯英 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(4):45-52

选取2015-2017年全国自动地震速报综合触发系统在新疆境内触发的自动速报震级[基于"多路综合触发"策略产出的综合触发结果震级（AU）],与人工速报震级数据进行偏差分析,获取研究区震级平均偏差为0.435 4,标准误差为±0.542 9,分析认为：对于新疆不同震级档和不同区域的地震,自动速报震级精准度有所不同,反映了震级偏差存在地域性与层次性;研究区自动速报震级（AU）与人工速报震级偏差小于或等于±0.3的地震约占总数的40.8%,表明自动地震速报综合触发系统在新疆区域的精准度一般,且不可靠结果均表现为自动速报震级（AU）偏大,均大于人工速报震级。  相似文献   

基于综合指标法的鄱阳湖生态系统健康评价     

毛智宇  徐力刚  赖锡军  王晓龙  李云良  李相虎  蔡永久  范宏翔  吴亚坤  魏凡凯 《湖泊科学》2023,35(3):1022-1032

由于湖泊生态问题日益突出,湖泊生态系统安全状态已经成为人们关注的热点问题,了解湖泊水生态系统的状况并根据湖泊生态系统健康状况开展精准治理和生态修复与保护尤为重要。本文基于对鄱阳湖及其流域生态环境的长期监测数据和资料收集,采用综合指标体系法,从物理形态、水文、水环境、水域生态、湿地生态和社会服务6个方面构建了鄱阳湖生态系统健康评估的指标体系,主要涵盖了湖泊口门状况、“五河”入湖径流变异程度、入湖河流水质达标率等26个指标。依据设置的阈值等级得到鄱阳湖生态系统健康评价各层次健康状况等级,通过对各湖泊生态系统各指标得分进行加权计算,得出生态系统健康评估准则层和目标层的得分,最终对鄱阳湖生态系统健康进行了客观的评价。结果表明,构建的湖泊生态系统健康评价体系针对性强、科学全面、具有可操作性,可为鄱阳湖及类似通江湖泊的生态系统健康评价提供案例和方法借鉴。评价结果表明鄱阳湖健康体征状况目标层得分为73.45分,评价结果为亚健康,鄱阳湖水生态系统健康主要受泄流能力、水文节律变化、富营养化程度和物种多样性的影响。最后根据鄱阳湖的水生态系统健康评分等级探讨了鄱阳湖水生态系统中亟需解决的问题,针对性地提出了...  相似文献   

重庆荣昌井水温同震-震后响应特征及机理研究     

巩浩波  来贵娟  李翠平  李光科 《中国地震》2022,38(4):737-750

利用位于华蓥山断裂带的重庆荣昌井水温数字化分钟值观测资料,统计分析了该井水温对2008年1月—2021年9月全球M_S≥7.0、川滇地区M_S≥6.0、重庆及周边地区M_S≥4.0共273次地震的同震-震后响应动态特征,对井水温同震优势方向成因和机理进行了深入研究,获得以下认识:(1)荣昌井水温同震-震后响应能力较好,对近震和远震均可记录到;该井水温同震响应由深及浅的顺序发生,响应持续时间随观测深度的增加而增加,响应幅度随观测深度的增加而减小,且该井水温同震-震后响应持续时间较同井水位的长;(2)自观测以来,荣昌井多层水温同震响应方向均为上升,说明单个井水温对不同地震的同震响应存在优势响应方向,水温的同震特征更依赖于井孔自身观测条件的影响;荣昌井水温同震响应优势方向上升可能是地震波的扰动造成井下深部气体释放,并沿裂隙上升进入井含水层系统而引起;(3)荣昌井水位-水温对中、远场地震的同震为同向上升正相关关系或振荡—上升,对近场地震的同震为水位下降—水温上升的反相关关系,可能是近场地震和中、远场地震引起的水位同震响应变化机制不一致...  相似文献   

Research status of earthquake forecasting in hydraulicfracturing induced earthquakes          下载免费PDF全文

Qian Wang  Xinxin Yin  Changsheng Jiang  Cong Jiang  Yan Zhang  Hongyu Zhai  Yanbao Zhang  Guijuan Lai  Fengling Yin 《地震科学（英文版）》2021,34(3):286-298

In the new types of industrial activities including unconventional energy extraction associated with shale gas and hot dry rock, gas reservoir operations, CO2 geological storage, undergoing research on induced earthquake forecasting has become one of the forward positions of current seismology. As for the intense actual demand, the immature research on induced earthquake forecasting has already been applied in pre-assessment of site safety and seismic hazard and risk management. This work will review systematically recent advances in earthquake forecasting induced by hydraulic fracturing during industrial production from four aspects: earthquake occurrence probability, maximum expected magnitude forecasting, seismic risk analysis for engineering and social applications and key scientific problems. In terms of earthquake occurrence probability, we introduce statistical forecasting models such as an improved ETAS and non-stationary ETAS and physical forecasting models such as Seismogenic Index (SI) and hydro-mechanism nucleation. Research on maximum expected magnitude forecasting has experienced four stages of linear relationship with net injection volume of fluid, power exponential relationship and physical forecasting regarding fault parameters. For seismic risk analysis, we focus on probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and quantitative geological susceptibility model. Furthermore, this review is extended to key scientific problems that contain obtaining accurate fault scale and environmental stress state of reservoir, critical physical process of runaway rupture, complex mechanism of fault activation as well as physical mechanism and modeling of trailing effect. This work in understanding induced earthquake forecasting may contribute to unconventional energy development and production, seismic hazard mitigation, emergency management and scientific research as a reference.  相似文献   

Optical long baseline intensity interferometry: prospects for stellar physics     

Jean-Pierre Rivet  Farrokh Vakili  Olivier Lai  David Vernet  Mathilde Fouché  William Guerin  Guillaume Labeyrie  Robin Kaiser 《Experimental Astronomy》2018,46(3):531-542

More than sixty years after the first intensity correlation experiments by Hanbury Brown and Twiss, there is renewed interest for intensity interferometry techniques for high angular resolution studies of celestial sources. We report on a successful attempt to measure the bunching peak in the intensity correlation function for bright stellar sources with 1 meter telescopes (I2C project). We propose further improvements of our preliminary experiments of spatial interferometry between two 1 m telescopes, and discuss the possibility to export our method to existing large arrays of telescopes.  相似文献   

温度对微型鞭毛虫摄食细菌的影响     

陆家昌  李杰  赖俊翔 《海洋学报》2019,41(6):85-92

为研究温度对微型鞭毛虫（Nanoflagellates,NF）摄食细菌的影响,于广西近岸海区采集NF自然群落,置于实验室不同温度下（14℃、22℃、28℃）培养9天,观察细菌和NF的丰度变化。并以荧光细菌标记法研究不同温度下异养微型鞭毛虫（Hetertrophic Nanoflagellates,HNF）和含色素微型鞭毛虫（Pigmented Nanoflagellates,PNF）对细菌的摄食率,计算不同类型NF的群落摄食率。此外,研究还比较了不同粒径PNF （<3 μm和3~10 μm）对细菌的摄食。结果表明,不同类型的NF对细菌的摄食率由大到小为:3~10 μm PNF、HNF、小于3 μm PNF。较之PNF,HNF的摄食受温度影响较小。PNF的摄食率在22℃最大。而且,不同大小PNF的摄食对温度的响应有所不同。升温可以提高3~10 μm PNF的摄食率,但会抑制小于3 μm PNF的摄食。而降温抑制3~10 μm PNF的摄食,但降温对小于3 μm PNF摄食的抑制作用比升温小。但无论是3~10 μm PNF还是小于3 μm PNF,升温均会降低其丰度。而由于丰度减小对群落摄食率的影响更大,因此,升温降低PNF的群落摄食率。  相似文献