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1.
样品保藏方式与时间对海洋底栖细菌及原生生物荧光计数效能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
DAPI荧光染色技术已广泛应用于浮游细菌及原生生物的定量研究,但对底栖生物的定量效能尚缺必要的研究。比较了冷冻和冷藏两种保藏方式以及保存时间对DAPI荧光计数底栖细菌、蓝细菌、硅藻、不同粒级自养小鞭毛虫(PNF)和异养小鞭毛虫(HNF)的影响。对黄海冷水团三个站位表层2cm底栖样品进行的4℃冷藏与?20℃冷冻避光保存的比较研究表明,两种保藏方式下两个站位的所有研究对象均无显著差异,但另一站位的PNF(2~5μm和5~10μm)的冷藏保存显著优于冷冻保存。对选取的另外两个站位(0~2cm和2~5cm分层)的样品经1个月和4个月冷藏保存后的分析表明,对于底栖细菌、蓝细菌、PNF(5~10 μm)、PNF(10 μm)、HNF(10 μm)和硅藻在保存1个月和4个月后的计数没有显著差异,而对于PNF(2～5 μm)、HNF(2～5 μm)、HNF(5～10 μm)保存4个月的数量明显低于保存1个月的样品,如其中一个站位的0～2cm分层的PNF(2～5 μm)丰度减少了47.4%,2～5cm分层的丰度减少了59.6%,HNF(2～5 μm)和HNF(5～10 μm)经4个月后丰度降为0。本研究表明,对底栖细菌、蓝细菌以及原生生物的定量计数可因样品、保藏方式及保存时间的不同而产生差异,因此对于底栖样品短期内宜采用避光、冷藏保存,并在带回实验室后尽快分析。 相似文献
2.
2006年10月在黄海冷水团海域的三个站点开展了微型异养鞭毛虫、异养细菌和蓝细菌的密度和生物量调查，进行了微型异养鞭毛虫的现场摄食实验，通过荧光标记细菌法和消化系数法获得该海区微型异养鞭毛虫对异养细菌和蓝细菌的摄食率，并估算了微型异养鞭毛虫对异养细菌和蓝细菌现存量及生产力的摄食压。结果显示，微型异养鞭毛虫、异养细菌和蓝细菌的密度分别为036×103~113×103，039×106~113×106和004×104~374×104cells/cm3，温跃层以上明显高于底层。微型异养鞭毛虫对异养细菌的摄食率为533~1489个/（HF·h），对蓝细菌的摄食率为026×102~2310×10-2cells/（HF·h），摄食率随深度而下降。微型异养鞭毛虫每天能消耗927%~3308%的异养细菌现存量和812%~1609%的蓝细菌现存量。同时，微型异养鞭毛虫对异养细菌和蓝细菌的日摄食量各占它们生产力的266%~1310%和812%~1609%。研究表明微型异养鞭毛虫的摄食可能不是秋季黄海冷水团海域浮游细菌及其生产力的主归宿。 相似文献
3.
本研究向自然海水中接种中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）、红色哈卡藻（Akashiwo sanguinea）和球形棕囊藻（Phaeocystis globosa）游离单细胞进行培养,比较不同赤潮藻类对海洋浮游微食物网主要类群的影响。结果发现,红色哈卡藻和中肋骨条藻均经历了从增殖到衰亡的过程,中肋骨条藻在磷酸盐耗尽后消亡,磷酸盐随之被重新释放到水体中;而无论增殖还是衰亡,红色哈卡藻添加组磷酸盐含量均持续降低。球形棕囊藻游离单细胞在迅速增殖将磷酸盐耗尽后并未衰亡,其密度维持相对稳定。红色哈卡藻添加组和中肋骨条藻添加组的细菌密度显著低于中肋骨条藻添加组（P<0.05）。三种藻类相比,红色哈卡藻添加组中纤毛虫、异养微型鞭毛虫（heterotrophic nanoflagellate, HNF）和含色素体微型鞭毛虫（pigmented nanoflagellate, PNF）的丰度最高（P<0.05）,但该组微型鞭毛虫的营养结构（HNF/PNF）与中肋骨条藻添加组无显著差异（P>0.05）。球形棕囊藻添加组含色素体微型鞭毛虫的丰度显著降低（P<0.05）,从而导致该组微型鞭毛虫营养结构显著偏向异养（P<0.05）。实验结束时,球形棕囊藻添加组纤毛虫的丰度显著低于其他两组（P<0.05）。本研究中,球形棕囊藻可通过与含色素体微型鞭毛虫竞争营养盐并抵御异养微型鞭毛虫及纤毛虫捕食的方式对微食物网产生影响。红色哈卡藻对微食物网的影响主要是由于其可被异养微型鞭毛虫摄食。中肋骨条藻对微食物网的影响受营养盐的调节,细菌的分解可能在该藻衰亡后的营养盐再生过程中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
4.
采用海域大规模调查和模拟现场流水法测定了桑沟湾海域微食物环主要组分生物(微微型浮游生物、微型鞭毛虫和纤毛虫)在桑沟湾的季节分布和对长牡蛎食物来源的贡献。对桑沟湾海域浮游生物现存量的调查结果显示:微食物环生物丰度和生物量以冬季最低(P0.05)。微食物环组成生物的生物量以微型鞭毛虫最大,占51.69%(无色素体微型鞭毛虫HNF贡献37.31%,有色素体微型鞭毛虫PNF贡献14.38%),其次是异养细菌(39.03%),纤毛虫和微微型真核浮游生物贡献较小,分别为2.31%和0.66%。使用模拟现场流水法,测定了长牡蛎对浮游生物的摄食,其清滤率变化范围为0.26—3.50L/(g·h),随着粒径的增大,长牡蛎对浮游生物的清滤率增加。长牡蛎对不同浮游生物的清滤率由大到小依次为:2μm以上有色素体浮游生物纤毛虫2μm以下有色素体浮游生物无色素体微型鞭毛虫异养细菌,长牡蛎对2μm以上有色素体浮游生物碳截留最大(289.20±62.36μg/(g·h)),其次是无色素体微型鞭毛虫,异养细菌和纤毛虫。传统的对于贝类食物来源的测定忽略了异养细菌、HNF以及纤毛虫,对微食物环框架的研究得出三种生物对长牡蛎的碳贡献为1563.58μg/(g·d)(17.94%),指示原生动物(异养鞭毛虫和纤毛虫)在长牡蛎的食谱组成中的地位不可忽视。异养细菌除了参与微食物环,还能被长牡蛎直接或者间接的摄食,成为长牡蛎的食物来源之一。本文结果为长牡蛎的养殖容量评估和微食物环生物对养殖生态系统的贡献分析提供了重要的数据支撑。 相似文献
5.
2006年10月在黄海冷水团海域的三个站点开展了微型异养鞭毛虫、异养细菌和蓝细菌的密度和生物量调查,进行了微型异养鞭毛虫的现场摄食实验,通过荧光标记细菌法和消化系数法获得该海区微型异养鞭毛虫对异养细菌和蓝细菌的摄食率,并估算了微型异养鞭毛虫对异养细菌和蓝细菌现存量及生产力的摄食压。结果显示,微型异养鞭毛虫、异养细菌和蓝细菌的密度分别为0.36×103~1.13×103,0.39×106~1.13×106和0.04×104~3.74×104cells/cm3,温跃层以上明显高于底层。微型异养鞭毛虫对异养细菌的摄食率为5.33~14.89个/(HF·h),对蓝细菌的摄食率为0.26×102~23.10×10-2cells/(HF·h),摄食率随深度而下降。微型异养鞭毛虫每天能消耗9.27%~33.08%的异养细菌现存量和8.12%~16.09%的蓝细菌现存量。同时,微型异养鞭毛虫对异养细菌和蓝细菌的日摄食量各占它们生产力的2.66%~13.10%和8.12%~16.09%。研究表明微型异养鞭毛虫的摄食可能不是秋季黄海冷水团海域浮游细菌及其生产力的主归宿。 相似文献
6.
于2009年7月20日至8月16日(夏季),2010年1月6日至30日(冬季),2010年10月26日至11月24日(秋季)和2011年4月30日至2011年5月24日(春季)在南海北部调查了微型异养鞭毛虫的生态分布特点。结果表明:春、夏、秋、冬的微型异养鞭毛虫丰度分别为0.05×103~1.93×103,0.03×103~2.65×103,0.09×103~2.05×103和0.04×103~1.84×103 cells/mL,生物量(以碳计)分别为0.56~19.50,0.04~24.11,0.96~14.80和0.29~22.26 μg/L。4个季节的微型异养鞭毛虫丰度均以2~5 μm粒级的为主,其所占比例超过65%,10~20 μm粒级所占比例通常低于10%。在水平分布上,微型异养鞭毛虫的丰度随离岸距离的增加逐渐降低;在垂直分布上,微型异养鞭毛虫的丰度随深度的增加逐渐降低,但夏季微型异养鞭毛虫丰度的高值多出现在次表层叶绿素a极大值层(DCM层)。微型异养鞭毛虫的丰度分布受到多重因素的交互影响,并且其所受调控模式在不同季节存在差异:春季和秋季微型异养鞭毛虫主要受下行调控;夏季微型异养鞭毛虫主要受上行调控;冬季上行和下行调控对微型异养鞭毛虫的影响相近。 相似文献
7.
微型异养鞭毛虫(HNF)是海洋微微型浮游生物的重要摄食者,通过摄食作用对后者的种类(或类群)组成、粒径分布、数量结构和营养价值等属性具有重要的影响,而这与HNF的摄食选择性有直接关系。对HNF摄食选择性的研究有助于深入了解HNF在海洋微食物环乃至整个海洋生态系统中的作用。就国际上已开展的HNF摄食选择性相关研究进行了回顾,分析和总结了影响HNF选择性摄食的关键因素,如食物大小、游动性、营养价值及食物细胞表面的生化结构特征等,并重点介绍了HNF摄食选择性形成的主要机制以及HNF的选择性摄食在调节海洋微微型浮游生物群落结构中的作用。 相似文献
8.
粒径小于20 μm的微型浮游生物能迅速响应海洋环境变化，因而在海洋环境监测中起着重要作用。本文应用流式细胞技术研究了三门湾表层与底层海水中微型浮游生物（包括细菌、聚球藻、微型真核生物以及病毒）丰度的时空分布特征，探讨了微型浮游生物丰度与水体理化因子之间的关系。结果表明，三门湾海域微型浮游生物丰度范围:细菌，6.98×105~9.84×106 cells/mL；聚球藻，1.10×103~3.71×104 cells/mL；微型真核生物，1.04×103~3.75×104 cells/mL；病毒，1.01×106~3.47×107 mL-1。夏、秋两季表层微型浮游生物丰度均高于底层；秋季细菌、聚球藻和病毒丰度低于夏季，但微型真核生物丰度高于夏季；温度是造成微型浮游生物丰度季节差异的主要因素。微型浮游生物丰度的水平分布在夏季无显著规律，但秋季表底层均由内湾向外湾递减。秋季，除底层的细菌外，微型浮游生物丰度水平分布与pH和盐度呈显著负相关，同时与亚硝氮、硝氮、铵氮、叶绿素a呈显著正相关。 相似文献
9.
海洋浮游细菌生长率和被摄食的研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海洋浮游细菌利用海水中的溶解有机碳合成自身物质,是海洋浮游生态系统的二次生产者。微型浮游动物是细菌的主要摄食者,也是细菌生产向较高营养级传递的中介。研究海洋浮游细菌的生长率和被(微型浮游动物的)摄食率对理解海洋浮游生态系统的功能具有重要作用。本文综述了利用改变海水中生物类群组成(或功能)的培养方法研究海洋浮游细菌生长率和被摄食率的历程和现状,为我国的同类研究提供借鉴。改变海水中生物类群组成(或功能)进行培养的方法有海水分粒级培养、海水稀释培养和添加选择性抑制剂培养。这些方法各有其局限性,应用并不广泛。细菌及其主要摄食者异养鞭毛虫群落在自然海区和实验室内都有生长周期,鞭毛虫的生长周期落后于细菌,因此细菌的生长率有时会小于被摄食率,有时会大于被摄食率。我国这方面的研究相对落后,应值得引起重视,建议从海水稀释培养法入手开展相关研究。 相似文献
10.
黄海水母旺发区浮游鞭毛虫和纤毛虫群落结构分布及其与水母发生关系初探 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
鞭毛虫和纤毛虫在海洋微食物环和经典食物链间的能量流动中起着重要的枢纽作用,但其在水母暴发过程中的作用仍然不明。本研究基于2011年春季以及水母旺发的夏季黄海专项航次,通过荧光染色技术和定量蛋白银法研究了南黄海水母频发海域3个断面(E:33°N,G:34°N,I:35°N)的鞭毛虫和纤毛虫的群落结构和时空分布特点,对其与水母的发生关系进行了初步探讨。结果表明,春夏两季的微型鞭毛虫丰度均以近岸水域为最高,向外海递减,高值区大多出现在水体表层及底层附近。夏季总微型鞭毛虫的丰度和生物量较春季略高,且异养微型鞭毛虫比例升高。纤毛虫丰度的水平分布与鞭毛虫正相反,以近岸较低,向外海递增,主要分布在表层及10m水层。在水母出现的E和G断面,夏季纤毛虫数量显著降低,丰度仅为春季的30%—40%;而未见水母的I断面夏季较春季的数量升高了一个数量级。推测夏季水母发生的E、G断面纤毛虫丰度明显降低系因水母的捕食压力所致,纤毛虫数量的减少导致对鞭毛虫的摄食压力降低,鞭毛虫数量增加;而未见水母的I断面纤毛虫则维持较高的丰度值。本研究表明,水母作为浮游生态系统的顶级捕食者,可通过营养级联效应对微小型浮游动物群落产生影响。 相似文献
11.
A study was carried out to investigate the grazing pressure of heterotrophic nanoflagellates(HNF) on bacteria assemblages in the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM) area in October, 2006. The results show that the HNF abundance ranges from 303 to 1 388 mL-1, with a mean of 884 mL-1. The HNF biomass is equivalent to 10.6%–115.6% of that of the bacteria. The maximum abundance of the HNF generally occurred in the upper 30 m water layer, with a vertical distribution pattern of surface layer abundance greater than middle layer abundance, then bottom layer abundance. The hydrological data show that the YSCWM is located in the northeastern part of the study area, typically 40 m beneath the surface. A weak correlation is found between the abundances of HNF and bacteria in both the YSCWM and its above water layer. One-way ANOVA analysis reveals that the abundance of HNF and bacteria differs between inside the YSCWM and in the above water mass. The ingestion rates of the HNF on bacteria was 8.02±3.43 h-1 in average. The grazing rate only represented 22.75%±6.91% of bacterial biomass or 6.55%+4.24% of bacterial production, implying that the HNF grazing was not the major factor contributing to the bacterial loss in the YSCWM areas. 相似文献
12.
Distribution of heterotrophic nanoflagellates and their importance as the bacterial consumer in a eutrophic coastal seawater 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Kimio Fukami Noriyuki Murata Yuuki Morio Toshitaka Nishijima 《Journal of Oceanography》1996,52(4):399-407
Seasonal and vertical changes in abundances of bacteria and heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF), and HNF grazing on bacteria were investigated in a small eutrophic inlet of Uranouchi-Wan throughout the years. Bacterial densities in the surface water ranged from 1.2 to 11 (average 4.3)×106 cells ml–1 with a couple of maxima following the algal blooming. Densities of HNF ranged from 0.54 to 73 (average 16.4)×103 cells ml–1 in the surface, and showed almost similar fluctuation pattern to that of bacteria with a time lag of about 1 to 2 weeks. Grazing rates of HNF on bacteria obtained by FLB method were 4.78 to 16.9 (average 10.3±SD 4.8) cells HNF–1h–1 in the surface layer in summer, and consequent total bacterial consumption rates by HNF fluctuated from 4 to 99×104 cells ml–1h–1. In deeper layers, however, as HNF densities and grazing rates on bacteria were low, the grazing pressure of HNF on bacteria was small. Turnover times of bacteria by HNF grazing in the surface layer were calculated as relatively constant values of 40 to 60 h, however, it decreased to as low as 6 to 7 h when the HNF activity was highest. These results indicate that bacteria grew so actively by consuming organic matter in seawater as to compensate high HNF grazing pressure, and that bacteria and HNF in the microbial loop play important roles on the turnover of substrates in coastal ecosystems. 相似文献
13.
温度对墨西哥湾扇贝耗氧率及排泄率的影响 总被引：63，自引：2，他引：61
于1996年12月至1997年1月在实验室内研究了温度对墨西哥湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians concentricus)的耗氧率和排泄(NH4-N)率的影响,实验在投饵后6h,静水(盐度32)条件下进行,溶氧量和氨氮量分别采用Winkler滴定法和次溴酸盐氧化法测定.实验结果表明,在实验温度(10～31℃)条件下,不同规格(壳高1.6～4.8cm,软体部干重0.0342～0.6908g)的墨西哥湾扇贝耗氧率的总平均值为2.35mg/(g·h).排泄率总平均值为350.89μg/(g·h).墨西哥湾扇见的耗氧量和排氧量都与扇贝体重呈明显的幂函数关系.在10～28℃范围内,不同规格的扇贝耗氧率都随温度的升高而增加;当水温继续升高到31℃时,耗氧率反而下降.在实验温度(10～31℃)条件下,扇贝的排泄率随着温度的升高而增加,温度对墨西哥湾扇贝的耗氧率和排泄率的影响都可用指数方程表示.本实验证实,高温(31℃)将进一步提高墨西哥湾扇贝蛋白质的代谢水平.耗氧量(O)和排氨量(N)与温度(t)、扇贝软体部干重(W)二元线性回归方程分别为:O=-587.804+36.787t+1697.864W;N=-92.344 9+4.534 1t+276.781 8W.复相关系数r分别为0.880 6和0.8035 ; F检验表明,两个回归方程均极显著(F>F0.01). 相似文献
14.
The plankton food web structure and trophodynamics in the neritic area of Sagami Bay were investigated from January 2003 to
December 2005, based on abundance, biomass, production rate and nutritional requirements of pico- (0.2–2 μm), nano- (2–20
μm), micro- (20–200 μm) and mesoplankton (>200 μm: mainly copepods CI-CVI) at 0–10 m depth. The average carbon biomass of
the total plankton community was higher in spring and summer (1.452 and 1.466 g C m−2, respectively) than in winter and autumn (0.676 and 0.686 g C m−2, respectively). The average values of primary production and of production rate and food requirement of heterotrophic organisms
were higher in summer than in other seasons. During the study period the biomass, production rate and food requirement of
small heterotrophs (i.e. bacteria: BA; heterotrophic nanoflagellates: HNF; microzooplankton: MZ) were much higher than those
of copepod secondary (CSP) and tertiary producers (CTP), indicating that the microbial food web was the main route of carbon
flow from phytoplankton (PP) to CSP and CTP, rather than the grazing food chain. In particular, during summer and autumn the
biomass of pico- and nano-size PP plus BA was greater than that of micro-size PP, suggesting the high prevalence of the microbial
food web (pico-/nanophytoplankton/BA-HNF/MZ-copepods). During winter and spring, the biomass of micro-size PP was greater
than that of pico- and nano-size PP plus BA, suggesting that the indirect route (microphytoplankton-MZ-copepods) probably
prevailed, while the microbial food web might be important. 相似文献
15.
An-Yi Tsai Gwo-Ching Gong Robert W. Sanders Ciou-Jyu Wang Kuo-Ping Chiang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
Variation in the summer nanoflagellate community on the continental shelf ecosystem of East China Sea (ECS) is closely coupled with environmental variation due to extension of the Changjiang River plume. Spatial patterns of nanoflagellate abundance were studied in June and August 2003, June 2006 and July 2007 over the ECS shelf. The Changjiang River plume was smaller during the August 2003 and July 2007 cruises than during the rest other 2 cruises. Total nanoflagellates densities varied between 1 and 120 × 102 cells ml−1 with the highest abundances occurring within the Changjiang River plume during large plume periods. In the small plume periods, the range of nanoflagellates abundance was 3–33 × 102 cells ml−1 and the highest abundances were observed during these periods either within the Changjiang River plume or the Yellow Sea Coastal Water (YSCW). During large plume periods, nanoflagellate abundance closely related to changes in salinity and during the small period, abundance was most related to water temperature. The pigmented nanoflagellate community (PNF) within Changjiang River plume, especially in the <3 μm size class, appears to increase in response to terrestrial or anthropogenic inorganic nutrient loading in the discharge of fresh water from the Changjiang River. The PNF abundance pronounced increase caused the variation of nanoflagellate community of ECS in summer. We suggest that the discharge of fresh water from Changjiang River has significant ecological impacts on spatial variations in nanoflagellate community in the ECS. 相似文献
16.
Phytoplankton growth rates and mortality rates were experimentally examined at 21 stations during the 2017 spring intermonsoon(April to early May) in the northern and central South China Sea(SCS) using the dilution technique, with emphasis on a comparison between the northern and central SCS areas which had different environmental factors. There had been higher temperature but lower nutrients and chlorophyll a concentrations in the central SCS than those in the northern SCS. The mean rates of phytoplankton growth(μ_0) and microzooplankton grazing(m) were(0.88±0.33) d~(–1) and(0.55±0.22) d~(–1) in the central SCS, and both higher than those in the northern SCS with the values of μ_0((0.81±0.16) d~(–1)) and m((0.30±0.09) d~(–1)), respectively.Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates were significantly coupled in both areas. The microzooplankton grazing impact(m/μ_0) on phytoplankton was also higher in the central SCS(0.63±0.12) than that in the northern SCS(0.37±0.06). The microzooplankton abundance was significantly correlated with temperature in the surface. Temperature might more effectively promote the microzooplankton grazing rate than phytoplankton growth rate, which might contribute to higher m and m/μ_0 in the central SCS. Compared with temperature, nutrients mainly affected the growth rate of phytoplankton. In the nutrient enrichment treatment,the phytoplankton growth rate(μn) was higher than μ_0 in the central SCS, suggesting phytoplankton growth in the central SCS was nutrient limited. The ratio of μ_0/μn was significantly correlated with nutrients concentrations in the both areas, indicating the limitation of nutrients was related to the concentrations of background nutrients in the study stations. 相似文献
17.
Seasonal changes in nano/micro-zooplankton grazing on pico-, nano- and micro-size phytoplankton and heterotrophic nano-flagellates
(HNF) feeding on heterotrophic bacteria were quantified by the dilution technique in the surface layer off Cape Esan, southwestern
Hokkaido, Japan. Pico- and nano-size phytoplankton were major components throughout the year except in spring when a diatom
bloom was observed. Although there was little seasonal variation in bacteria and HNF biomass throughout the year, the micro-zooplankton
biomass varied appreciably with a peak in spring. Nano/micro-zooplankton grazing or feeding on pico-size chl-a and bacteria were well balanced throughout the year. However, nano-size and micro-size chl-a growth were much greater than grazing in summer. Nano/micro-zooplankton ingestion of phytoplankton was greater than their
ingestion of bacteria almost throughout the year, which suggests phytoplankton are more important as food sources of nano/micro-zooplankton
in microbial food webs off Cape Esan than bacteria off Cape Esan.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
论文以强额孔雀水蚤(Parvocalanuscarssirostris)为研究对象,研究了不同培养温度(18℃、22℃、26℃、30℃)、不同种类微藻(球等鞭金藻(Isochrysisgalbana)、牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)、青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica))饵料以及不同饵料质量浓度(0.5、1.0、1.5、2.5、5μgC/mL)对强额孔雀水蚤摄食的影响。结果表明:强额孔雀水蚤的清滤率随温度上升而上升,随饵料浓度上升而下降,26℃~30℃以及饵料浓度为0.5μgC/mL时清滤率较高;滤食率和摄食率随温度上升而上升,摄食球等鞭金藻和牟氏角毛藻时,在26℃时达到最高;摄食青岛大扁藻时,两者随温度升高持续上升。对3种藻的摄食率大小顺序为:青岛大扁藻>球等鞭金藻>牟氏角毛藻;强额孔雀水蚤摄食碳量占体碳比较高,远高于中华哲水蚤(Calanussinicus)、海洋伪镖水蚤(Pseudodiaptomus annandalei)等大中型桡足类;强额孔雀水蚤的最适饵料等效球直径约为11.5μm,青岛大扁藻为强额孔雀水蚤较适口的饵料。 相似文献