Crystal chemistry and oxidation state of Fe-rich prehnite from a hydrothermally altered dolerite     

Nagashima  Mariko  Iwasa  Kiyoka  Akasaka  Masahide 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2018,112(2):173-184

Mineralogy and Petrology - Fe-rich prehnite, Ca2(Al,Fe)(AlSi3)O10(OH)2, in a hydrothermally altered dolerite sill from Mitsu, Shimane Peninsula, Japan, was studied using 57Fe Mössbauer...  相似文献   

Steric sea level changes estimated from historical ocean subsurface temperature and salinity analyses   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

Masayoshi Ishii  Masahide Kimoto  Kenji Sakamoto  Sin-Iti Iwasaki 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(2):155-170

An historical objective analysis of subsurface temperature and salinity was carried out on a monthly basis from 1945 to 2003 using the latest observational databases and a sea surface temperature analysis. In addition, steric sea level changes were mainly examined using outputs of the objective analyses. The objective analysis is a revised version of Ishii et al. and is available at 16 levels in the upper 700 m depth. Artificial errors in the previous analysis during the 1990s have been worked out in the present analysis. The steric sea level computed from the temperature analysis has been verified with tide gauge observations and TOPEX/Poseidon sea surface height data. A correction for crustal movement is applied for tide gauge data along the Japanese coast. The new analysis is suitable for the discussion of global warming. Validation against the tide gauge reveals that the amplitude of thermosteric sea level becomes larger and the agreement improves in comparison with the previous analysis. A substantial part of local sea level rise along the Japanese coast appears to be explained by the thermosteric effect. The thermal expansion averaged in all longitudes from 60°S to 60°N explains at most half of recent sea level rise detected by satellite observation during the last decade. Considerable uncertainties remain in steric sea level, particularly over the southern oceans. Temperature changes within MLD make no effective contribution to steric sea level changes along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. According to statistics using only reliable profiles of the temperature and salinity analyses, salinity variations are intrinsically important to steric sea level changes in high latitudes and in the Atlantic Ocean. Although data sparseness is severe even in the latest decade, linear trends of global mean thermosteric and halosteric sea level for 1955 to 2003 are estimated to be 0.31 ± 0.07 mm/yr and 0.04 ± 0.01 mm/yr, respectively. These estimates are comparable to those of the former studies.  相似文献   

Perceived ambiguity about earthquake and house destruction risks     

Toshio Fujimi  Masahide Watanabe  Ryuji Kakimoto  Hirokazu Tatano 《Natural Hazards》2016,80(2):1243-1256

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POC fluxes estimated from 234Th in late spring–early summer in the western subarctic North Pacific     

Hajime Kawakami  Makio C. Honda  Kazuhiko Matsumoto  Masahide Wakita  Minoru Kitamura  Tetsuichi Fujiki  Shuichi Watanabe 《Journal of Oceanography》2015,71(3):311-324

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Summertime land–sea thermal contrast and atmospheric circulation over East Asia in a warming climate—Part II: Importance of CO2-induced continental warming     

Youichi Kamae  Masahiro Watanabe  Masahide Kimoto  Hideo Shiogama 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(9-10):2569-2583

In this the second of a two-part study, we examine the physical mechanisms responsible for the increasing contrast of the land–sea surface air temperature (SAT) in summertime over the Far East, as observed in recent decades and revealed in future climate projections obtained from a series of transient warming and sensitivity experiments conducted under the umbrella of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5. On a global perspective, a strengthening of land–sea SAT contrast in the transient warming simulations of coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models is attributed to an increase in sea surface temperature (SST). However, in boreal summer, the strengthened contrast over the Far East is reproduced only by increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration. In response to SST increase alone, the tropospheric warming over the interior of the mid- to high-latitude continents including Eurasia are weaker than those over the surrounding oceans, leading to a weakening of the land–sea SAT contrast over the Far East. Thus, the increasing contrast and associated change in atmospheric circulation over East Asia is explained by CO₂-induced continental warming. The degree of strengthening of the land–sea SAT contrast varies in different transient warming scenarios, but is reproduced through a combination of the CO₂-induced positive and SST-induced negative contributions to the land–sea contrast. These results imply that changes of climate patterns over the land–ocean boundary regions are sensitive to future scenarios of CO₂ concentration pathways including extreme cases.  相似文献   

Non－LTE Analysis of the Sodium Abundance of Metal－Poor Stars in the Galactic Disk and Halo     

Yoichi Takeda  Gang Zhao  Masahide Takada-Hidai  Yu-Qin Chen  Yu-ji Saito  Hua-Wei Zhang 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2003,3(4):316-340

We performed an extensive non-LTE analysis of the neutral sodiumlines of Na I 5683/5688, 5890/5896, 6154/6161, and 8183/8195 in disk/halo starsof types F-K covering a wide metallicity range (-4 [Fe/H] +0.4), using ourown data as well as data collected from the literature. For comparatively metal-rich disk stars (-1 [Fe/H] +0.4) where the weaker 6154/6161 lines are thebest abundance indicators, we confirmed [Na/Fe] ～ 0 with an "upturn" (i.e., ashallow/broad dip around -0.5 [Fe/H] 0) as already reported in previousstudies. For the metal-deficient halo stars, where the much stronger 5890/5896 or8183/8195 lines subject to considerable (negative) non-LTE corrections amountingto 0.5 dex have to be used, our analysis suggests mildly "subsolar" [Na/Fe] valuesdown to ～ -0.4 (with a somewhat large scatter of ～±0.2 dex) on the average at thetypical halo metallicity of [Fe/H] ～ -2, followed by a rise again to a near-solar ratioof [Na/Fe] ～ 0 at the very metal-poor regime [Fe/H] ～ -3 to -4. These resultsare discussed in comparison with the previous observational studies along with thetheoretical predictions from the available chemical evolution models.  相似文献   

An iterative method for obtaining a nonlinear solution for the temperature distribution of a spinning spherical body irradiated by a central star     

M. Sekiya  A.A. Shimoda  S. Wakita 《Planetary and Space Science》2012,60(1):304-313

We developed an iterative method for determining the three-dimensional temperature distribution in a spherical spinning body that is irradiated by a central star. The seasonal temperature change due to the orbital motion is ignored. It is assumed that material parameters such as the thermal conductivity and the thermometric conductivity are constant throughout the spherical body. A general solution for the temperature distribution inside a body is obtained using spherical harmonics and spherical Bessel functions. The surface boundary condition contains a term obtained using the Stefan–Boltzmann law and is nonlinear with respect to temperature because it is dependent on the fourth power of temperature. The coefficients of the general solution are fitted to satisfy the surface boundary condition by using the iterative method. We obtained solutions that satisfy the nonlinear boundary condition within 0.1% accuracy. We calculated the rate of change in the semimajor axis due to the diurnal Yarkovsky effect using the linear and nonlinear solutions. The maximum difference between the rates calculated using the two sets of solutions is 13%. Therefore current understanding of the diurnal Yarkovsky effect based on linear solutions is fairly good.  相似文献   

Nature of accretion related to Paleo-Tethys subduction recorded in northern Thailand: Constraints from mélange kinematics and illite crystallinity     

Hidetoshi Hara  Koji Wakita  Katsumi Ueno  Yoshihito Kamata  Ken-ichiro Hisada  Punya Charusiri  Thasinee Charoentitirat  Pol Chaodumrong 《Gondwana Research》2009,16(2):310

We reconstructed the accretion process related to Paleo-Tethys subduction recorded in northern Thailand, based on mélange and thrust structures, and metamorphic temperatures derived from illite crystallinity data. Mélange formation was characterized by hydrofracturing and cataclastic deformation, with mud injection under semi-lithified conditions followed by shear deformation and pressure solution. Illite crystallinity data suggest metamorphic temperatures below 250 °C during mélange formation. The combined structural and metamorphic data indicate that during mélange formation, the accretionary complex related to Paleo-Tethys subduction developed at shallow levels within an accretionary prism. Asymmetric shear fabrics in mélange indicate top-to-south shear. After correction for rotation associated with collision between the Indian and Eurasian continents, the trend of the Paleo-Tethys subduction zone is estimated to have been N80 °E. We conclude that the Paleo-Tethys was subducted northward beneath the Indochina Block from the Permian to Triassic.  相似文献   

Simulating tropical instability waves in the equatorial eastern Pacific with a coupled general circulation model     

陈鲜艳 《大气科学进展》2009,26(5):1015-1026

Satellite observations of SSTs have revealed the existence of unstable waves in the equatorial eastern Pacific and Atlantic oceans. These waves have a 20-40-day periodicity with westward phase speeds of 0.4-0.6 m s-1 and wavelengths of 1000-2000 km during boreal summer and fall. They are generally called tropical instability waves (TIWs). This study investigates TIWs simulated by a high-resolution coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM). The horizontal resolution of the model is 120 km in...  相似文献   

Simulation of state-dependent high-frequency atmospheric variability associated with ENSO   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Jong-Seong Kug  K. P. Sooraj  Daehyun Kim  In-Sik Kang  Fei-Fei Jin  Yukari N. Takayabu  Masahide Kimoto 《Climate Dynamics》2009,32(5):635-648

High-frequency atmospheric variability depends on the phase of El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Recently, there is increasing evidence that state-dependent high-frequency atmospheric variability significantly modulates ENSO characteristics. Hence, in this study, we examine the model simulations of high-frequency atmospheric variability and, further, its dependency on the El Nino phase, using atmospheric and coupled GCMs (AGCM and CGCM). We use two versions of physical packages here—with and without convective momentum transport (CMT)—in both models. We found that the CMT simulation gives rise to a large climatological zonal wind difference over the Pacific. Also, both the climate models show a significantly improved performance in simulating the state-dependent noise when the CMT parameterization is implemented. We demonstrate that the better simulation of the state-dependent noise results from a better representation of anomalous, as well as climatological, zonal wind. Our further comparisons between the simulations, demonstrates that low-frequency wind is a crucial factor in determining the state-dependency of high-frequency wind variability. Therefore, it is suggested that the so-called state-dependent noise is directly induced by the low-frequency wind anomaly, which is caused by SST associated with ENSO.  相似文献