Embedded Behavior: Human Activities and the Construction of the Mesolithic Shellmound of Cabeço da Amoreira,Muge, Portugal     

Vera Aldeias  Nuno Bicho 《Geoarchaeology》2016,31(6):530-549

Shellmound formation processes are greatly influenced by human inputs associated with an intensive exploitation of marine and estuarine resources. The complex stratigraphy of shellmounds has been difficult to decipher and few studies have focused on the microstratigraphic record of midden formation, especially in European Mesolithic contexts. Cabeço da Amoreira is a long‐known Mesolithic shellmound located on the shores of the Muge River, a tributary of the Tagus River in central Portugal. The abundance of shellfish refuse favors an intricate and laterally variable stratigraphic succession of layers and lenses, which results in an extensive artificial mound. Here, we use micromorphological and microfacies analysis to investigate aspects pertaining to site formation, and the nature of individual anthropogenic activities at the site. This methodology allowed for a distinction between primary activities (e.g., discrete shell tossing events, trampled occupational surfaces, and activity areas), and secondary position of the sediments in intentionally raked‐up and dumped deposits. Nondepositional hiatuses and discrete geogenic sedimentation are associated with periods of abandonment. The complex superposition of events seen at Cabeço da Amoreira underlines the role of micromorphology for the identification of behavioral signatures and its relevance in deciphering shellmound adaptations.  相似文献   

Fractionation of platinum, palladium, nickel, and copper in sulfide–arsenide systems at magmatic temperature     

H. M. Helmy  C. Ballhaus  R. O. C. Fonseca  T. J. Nagel 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,166(6):1725-1737

Experimentally derived phase relations of arsenide in sulfide melt are presented to quantify the fractionation paths of As-bearing sulfide melts. When a natural sulfide melt reaches arsenide saturation, a separate Ni–PGE-rich arsenide melt exsolves. The arsenic saturation concentration in an Fe–Ni–Cu sulfide melt is between 0.5 and 1.5 wt%. The affinities of the chalcophile metals for an immiscible arsenide melt follow the order Pt > Pd > Ni ? Fe ≈ Cu. In natural systems, arsenide exsolution will be triggered by the activity of the nickel arsenide components dissolved in sulfide melt, Ni being the most common base metal with strong affinity to the As^n? anionic species. Arsenic may have a major effect on the fractionation paths of sulfide melts even if no separate arsenide phase forms. Arsenic, and probably many other chalcogens and metalloids in magmatic melts, may undergo associations with Pt and Pd well before discrete PGE minerals become stable phases.  相似文献   

Pilocarpus microphyllus seedling growth threatened by climate change: an ecophysiological approach     

Amaral  Genilda Canuto  Pezzopane  José Eduardo Macedo  de Souza Nóia Júnior  Rogério  Martínez  Manuel Fernández  Fonseca  Mariana Duarte Silva  Gibson  Elbya Leão  Toledo  João Vitor  Pezzopane  José Ricardo Macedo  Klippel  Valéria Hollunder  Xavier  Talita Miranda Teixeira 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,147(1-2):347-361

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - The climate change endangers many species of the Amazon Forest. An example, in the endangered medicinal species Pilocarpus microphyllus (popularly known as...  相似文献   

Effect of phosphorus on the attenuation of lead and chromium transport in soils     

R. Devesa-Rey  B. Fonseca  D. Rubinos  T. Tavares 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(6):2443-2451

This study analyses the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cr(III) in soils. These metals are commonly found together in nature in urban wastes or industrial spillages, and the theoretical approach of the work was to evaluate the response of the soil to continuous Cr and Pb spillages to soil in terms of several physicochemical parameters. The influence of an anthropogenic input of phosphorus was evaluated. Continuous flow experiments were run in duplicates in acrylic columns (25 cm × 3.2 cm). The influent Cr(III) and Pb(II) solutions of 10 mg l^?1 and 25 mg l^?1 at pH 5 were pumped upward through the bottom of the columns to ensure saturation flow conditions. Also, successive experiments were run with the above concentrations of Cr(III) and Pb(II) and NaH₂PO₄, keeping metal to phosphorus ratio of 1:0, 1:0.1 and 1:1. Modelling parameters included Freundlich and Langmuir equations, together with the Two-site adsorption model using CXTFIT code. Results obtained allowed concluding that Pb(II) adsorption presents a certain degree of irreversibility and the continued spillages over soil increment the fraction which is not easily desorbed. Cr(III) desorption was almost complete, evidencing its high mobility in nature. The presence of an anthropogenic input of phosphorus leads to a marked increase of both Pb(II) and Cr(III) adsorption in soils. Z-potential measurements allow to discard the electrostatic attraction of Cr(III) and Pb(II) with the surface charged soil as the dominant process of metal sorption. Instead, CheaqsPro simulation allows to identify PbH₂PO₄ ⁺, PbHPO₄ (aq) and CrHPO₄ ⁺ as the dominant species which regulate Cr(III) and Pb(II) transport in soils.  相似文献   

Digital complex correlator for a C-band polarimetry survey     

Miguel Bergano  Francisco Fernandes  Luís Cupido  Domingos Barbosa  Rui Fonseca  Ivan Ferreira  Bruce Grossan  George Smoot 《Experimental Astronomy》2011,30(1):23-37

The international Galactic Emission Mapping project aims to map and characterize the polarization field of the Milky Way. In Portugal it will map the sky polarized emission of the Northern Hemisphere in C-band and provide templates for map calibration and foreground control of microwave space data to be provided by ESA Planck Surveyor mission and later missions. The receiver system is equipped with a novel receiver with a full digital back-end using a low-cost Field Programmable Gate Array without compromising its performance relation. This new digital backend comprises a base-band complex cross-correlator outputting the four Stokes parameters of the incoming polarized radiation. In this document we describe the design and implementation of the complex correlator using the FPGA and the dedicated digitizers at each receiver arm, detailing the method applied at the several algorithm stages. This correlator is suitable for large sky area polarization continuum surveys.  相似文献   

Technical guidelines for the assessment of earthquake induced liquefaction hazard at urban scale     

Lai  C. G.  Bozzoni  F.  Conca  D.  Famà  A.  Özcebe  A. G.  Zuccolo  E.  Meisina  C.  Bonì  R.  Bordoni  M.  Cosentini  R. M.  Martelli  L.  Poggi  V.  Viana da Fonseca  A.  Ferreira  C.  Rios  S.  Cordeiro  D.  Ramos  C.  Molina-Gómez  F.  Coelho  C.  Logar  J.  Maček  M.  Oblak  A.  Ozcep  F.  Bozbey  I.  Oztoprak  S.  Sargin  S.  Aysal  N.  Oser  C.  Kelesoglu  M. K. 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2021,19(10):4013-4057

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - Microzonation for earthquake-induced liquefaction hazard is the subdivision of a territory at a municipal or submunicipal scale in areas characterized by the...  相似文献   

Site classification using equivalent soil profiles for building-liquefaction interaction     

Millen  Maxim  Viana da Fonseca  Antonio  Quintero  Julieth  Ferreira  Cristiana  Oztoprak  Sadik  Oser  Cihan  Bozbey  Ilknur  Aysal  Namik  Kosič  Mirko  Logar  Janko 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2021,19(10):3987-4012

The seismic behaviour of a building on a liquefiable deposit is a complex interaction which involves quantifying both shaking induced damage and permanent ground deformation-related damage. In this paper the key parameters that influence both surface shaking and foundation settlements have been identified as the depth, thickness and liquefaction resistance of an equivalent liquefiable layer. These parameters can be used to develop an ‘equivalent soil profile’ that is analogous to the equivalent single degree-of-freedom that reduces the complexity of the dynamic response of a building into comparable and easily understood quantities. The equivalent soil profile is quantified independent of the seismic hazard, making it compatible with performance based design and assessment frameworks such that the building and soil profile can be directly assessed at different levels of seismic hazard. Several numerical studies are presented that demonstrate the influence of these key parameters on the ground surface shaking and foundation settlement. A set of criteria are proposed for classifying soil profiles into 22 different soil classes for regional loss assessment. An algorithm was developed for automatically fitting the equivalent soil profile to a cone penetration test trace and issues with the fitting are discussed. Field reconnaissance was undertaken to collect additional data to support existing datasets on the performance of buildings in Adapazari, during the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, earthquake (Mw = 7.4). The field case history data was used to investigate the correlation between the depth, thickness and liquefaction resistance of an equivalent liquefiable layer, on the extent of foundation permanent deformation. The case history data showed that in general a shallow, thick and weak liquefiable layer near the surface results in significant settlement but a lack of data for buildings on non-liquefiable deposits and the additional complexities involved with real buildings and soil deposits, meant that the trends observed in the idealised numerical models could not identified in the field case history data set.

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Seismic analysis and strengthening of Pico Island Churches     

António Arêde  Aníbal Costa  Domingos Moreira  Nuno Neves 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2012,10(1):181-209

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Empirical seismic vulnerability analysis for masonry buildings based on school buildings survey in Iran     

Hamed Azizi-Bondarabadi  Nuno Mendes  Paulo B. Lourenço  Neda H. Sadeghi 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2016,14(11):3195-3229

School facilities in Iran, in particular masonry schools, have shown poor performance during past earthquakes and can be identified as one of the parts of the country’s infrastructure that is most vulnerable to earthquakes. Hence, in this paper a method to perform index-based damage assessment for brick masonry schools located in the province of Yazd, the central region of Iran, using a comprehensive database of school buildings, is proposed. The database was obtained from the field survey forms applied for each observed school to collect the features of and damage to the structure. The results of a vulnerability index method developed in Iran are employed as input data to obtain empirical fragility curves for the school inventory. The Macroseismic model and GNDT II level method are two empirical methods combined in this procedure. Finally, the procedure is verified using damage survey data obtained after recent earthquakes (1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake and 2003 Bam earthquake) that occurred in Iran.  相似文献   

Speciation and Kinetics of Trihalomethane Formation in Drinking Water in Mexico     

Sofía E. Garrido  M. Guadalupe Fonseca 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2010,30(1):79-86

Water chlorination continues to be one of the most common water disinfection processes, especially in developing countries. When natural organic matter (NOM) is present, the process produces disinfection by-products (DBPs), some of them being trihalomethanes (THMs). This study determined the presence, speciation, and kinetics of THMs formation in the water supply for the northern area of the city of Toluca, Mexico. The results show that the concentrations of THMs are below the maximum allowable limits of 200 μg/L in accordance with NOM-127-SSA1-1994. Regarding THMs speciation, the presence of chloroform was more frequently observed in domestic water; furthermore, in one sample in which bromoform was present, it dominated over the chlorine species. Regarding the kinetics of THMs formation, a maximum concentration of THMs (THMs_Max) of 13.02 μg/L was obtained, and the time required to reach 50% THMs_Max ( t ₅₀) was 39.45 min.  相似文献