美国西部近8000年来树木年轮重建降雨量序列中的气候突变   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谷湘潜  江剑民  Roy MENDELSSOHN 《地理学报(英文版)》2005,15(3):259-272

1 IntroductionThe U niversity of A rizona Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research collected tree-ring sam ples from anum ber of long-lived trees, dating back thousands of years, from eight states in the w esternU nited States. H ughes and G raum lich (1996) pres…  相似文献   

Major- and trace-element characterization, expanded distribution, and a new chronology for the latest Pleistocene Glacier Peak tephras in western North America     

Stephen C. Kuehn  Duane G. Froese  Franklin F. Foit Jr.  Peter Rotheisler 《Quaternary Research》2009,71(2):201-47

The Glacier Peak tephra beds are among the most widespread and arguably some of the most important late Pleistocene chronostratigraphic markers in western North America. These beds represent a series of closely-spaced Plinian and sub-Plinian eruptions from Glacier Peak, Washington. The two most widespread beds, Glacier Peak ‘G’ and ‘B’, are reliably distinguished by their glass major and trace element abundances. These beds are also more broadly distributed than previously considered, covering at least 550,000 and 260,000 km², respectively. A third bed, the Irvine bed, known only from southern Alberta, is similar in its major-element composition to the Glacier Peak G bed, but it shows considerable differences in trace element concentrations. The Irvine bed is likely considerably older than the G and B tephras and probably records an additional Plinian eruption, perhaps also from Glacier Peak but from a different magma than G through B. A review of the published radiocarbon ages, new ages in this study, and consideration in a Bayesian framework suggest that the widespread G and B beds are several hundred years older than widely assumed. Our revised age is about 11,600 ¹⁴C yr BP or a calibrated age (at 2 sigma) of 13,710-13,410 cal yr BP.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Thomas Schlacher  Jeffery D. Musiak  Franklin C. Daiber 《Estuaries and Coasts》1996,19(1):162-165

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A Semicentennial Celebration: Placing The Professional Geographer     

Stuart C. Aitken  Janet Franklin 《The Professional geographer》1998,50(1):1-2

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Mutual phenomena of Jupiter's five inner satellites in 1979     

K. Aksnes  F.A. Franklin 《Icarus》1978,34(1):188-193

In this paper, we first predict eclipses and occultations of the Galilean satellites in 1979 and find that, although circumstances are generally poor, about 75 events are observable. We have then made a special point of including 40 eclipses of J5 (Amalthea) by the Galilean satellites in the hope that both visual and far-infrared light curves can be obtained—the former giving accurate astrometric information for J5, and the latter possibly bearing on its surface stucture or composition.  相似文献   

The evidence for faint satellites of Saturn reexamined     

K. Aksnes  F.A. Franklin 《Icarus》1978,36(1):107-118

This paper attempts to present a critical assessment of the evidence bearing on the possible existence of a tenth (S10) and an eleventh (S11) satellite of Saturn. For S10 we have two candidates: Themis and Janus. An inspection of the original plates dispels any possibility favoring the presence of Themis. Definitive statements concerning the other two satellites are more difficult to make, but we show quantitatively that existing observations are unable to provide unique orbits—the usual criterion for existence. However, a considerably stronger case can be made for Janus than for S11. The safest conclusion seems to be that the region between ring A and Mimas may well contain one, two, or even many satellites that should be carefully looked for during the ring-plane passages in 1979/80.  相似文献   

Implications from the motion of outer belt asteroids     

F.A. Franklin 《Icarus》1979,40(3):329-334

A principal feature of the asteroidal distribution is the rapid truncation of its population outward from ～3.4 AU. This paper presents further evidence, based on the motion and distribution of certain minor planets with large semimajor axes, that this truncation cannot be strictly the result of gravitational perturbations of the major planets even acting over times of ～10⁹ years. The motion of other outer asteroids sets a probable upper limit of 0.081 on Jupiter's eccentricity.  相似文献   

Excursion to Cardiff: March 31st to April 8th. Easter, 1920     

A. Hubert Cox  T. Franklin Sibly  A.E. Trueman 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》1920,31(4):200-IN5

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The interaction of manganese(II) with the surface of calcite in dilute solutions and seawater     

Martin L. Franklin  John W. Morse 《Marine Chemistry》1983,12(4)

The interaction of Mn²⁺ with the surface of calcite in aqueous solutions is complex. In dilute solutions the Mn²⁺ is rapidly absorbed, MnCO3₃ nucleates on the calcite surface and then grows by a first order reaction with respect to the initial Mn²⁺ concentration. At higher ionic strengths in NaCl solutions, the rate of these processes is slower, but the same general pattern persists. In solutions containing Mg²⁺, at the concentration of seawater and in seawater, the nucleation phase of the uptake process does not appear to occur. The long-term uptake rate of Mn²⁺ on the surface of calcite in seawater is first order with respect to the dissolved Mn²⁺ concentration. The rate constant is over three orders of magnitude smaller than that found in dilute Mg²⁺-free solutions. A probable explanation for the slower growth rate in seawater is that MnCO₃ is not nucleated on the calcite surface due to the presence of high Mg²⁺ concentrations. The Mg²⁺, through site competition, prevents enough Mn²⁺ from being adsorbed to reach a critical concentration for MnCO₃ nucleation. This behavior is similar to that found for orthophosphate with calcite surfaces in dilute solutions and seawater. It indicates that rhodochrosite cannot nucleate in carbonate-rich recent sediments unless the Mg²⁺ concentration is lowered below that of seawater.Measurements of the solubility of rhodochrosite in seawater gave results from an undersaturation approach to equilibrium in excellent agreement with those found in previous studies in dilute solutions. When equilibrium was approached from supersaturation, approximately fifty times more calcium was precipitated than Mn²⁺. The measured solubility was over twice that determined from undersaturation. It is possible that a Mn—calcite containing 25 to 30 mol% MnCO₃ formed on the rhodochrosite from the supersaturated solutions. Consequently, it is doubtful that pure rhodochrosite controls the concentration of Mn²⁺ even in calcium carbonate-poor marine environments.  相似文献   

Effects of furadan in the brown mussel Perna perna and in the mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae     

Alves SR  Severino PC  Ibbotson DP  da Silva AZ  Lopes FR  Sáenz LA  Bainy AC 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):241-245

Furadan is a carbamate pesticide used widely to combat agricultural pests. However little information is available about the toxicity of furadan in aquatic macroinvertebrates. The in vivo effects of furadan were evaluated in mussels, Perna perna, and oysters, Crassostrea rhizophorae. Glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and cholinesterase (ChE) activities were measured in the gills of both species exposed to furadan (100 microg/l) for 96 h. No changes were observed in GST activity in the exposed groups. CAT activity was higher (9%) in the oysters exposed to furadan. ChE activity was inhibited by 64 and 35%, respectively, in C. rhizophorae and P. perna exposed to furadan, suggesting that the former is more susceptible to the toxic effects of furadan.  相似文献