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在该项研究中 ,根据原地应力及局部高孔隙压力 ,我们认为Ｖｉｓｕｎｄ油气田的断层活化和流体流动是由于一个邻接长期休眠正断层的储集层内有油气聚集。研究地震和断层作用的科学家们长期以来就对流体的力学作用颇感兴趣。有若干好的研究例子表明 ,地下深处注入流体形成高孔隙压力 ,从而诱发了地震。Ｓａｈａｇｉａｎ与Ｐｒｏｕｓｓｅｖｉｔｃｈ（１９９２）指出岩浆房顶部浮动的油气柱产生的高孔隙可能是引起火山爆发的原因 ,而Ｌｉｎｄｅ等（１９９４）、Ｓｔｕｒｔｅｖａｎｔ等（１９９６）则暗示地震波穿过期间岩浆中的气体溶解可能会进… 相似文献
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断层是岩石圈中的准面状脆弱带，是地球的脆性外带，是地震和构造应变集中发生的区域。要想研究断层是如何形成的，首先要了解不断有断层形成的洋中脊地区，然后深入研究对热液矿床和化能自养生物群落产生重大影响的洋脊断层体系。 相似文献
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海陆断裂带（COFZs）是大陆裂谷时期和海洋扩张初期发育的构造板块边界的一个基本类型。通过动力模式研究,我们发现它们有3个主要的形成过程：陆一陆剪切、洋壳增生以及伴随的COFZ沿线的海陆剪切过程（LePichon和Hayer,1971;Scrutton,1979;Mascle和Blarez,1987）;然而,有关古COFZs的钻探和二维地震数据都很有局限性,虽然同类的洋一洋断裂带有相关的露头和旁侧声纳资料,但是总起来说还是非常缺乏断裂带的三维构造数据。 相似文献
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受低纬度环境影响的范围和低纬度环境受到暂时性气候影响的范围是气候和古气候研究中的新问题。气候模式预测：如果在温室效应下高纬度地区像数据中所说的那样变暖,则热带地区的温度要高于数据中描述的温度（如Huber等,2000）。这种不一致现象表明古温度估计中有误差和对温室气候动力学缺乏了解。有研究得出温室热带冷于现代热带的结论, 相似文献
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Localized, transient heterogeneity was studied in a sand aquifer undergoing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene bioremediation using a novel array of multilevel, in situ point velocity probes (PVPs). The experiment was conducted within a sheet-pile alleyway to maintain a constant average flow direction through time. The PVPs measured changes in groundwater velocity direction and magnitude at the centimeter scale, making them ideal to monitor small-scale changes in hydraulic conductivity (K). Velocities were shown to vary nonuniformly by up to a factor of 3 when a source of oxygen was established down-gradient of the petroleum spill. In spite of these local variations, the average groundwater velocity within the 7 m × 20 m sheet-piled test area only varied within ± 25%. The nonuniform nature of the velocity variations across the gate indicated that the changes were not due solely to seasonal hydraulic gradient fluctuations. At the conclusion of the experiment, microbial biomass levels in the aquifer sediments was approximately 1 order of magnitude higher in the oxygen-amended portion of the aquifer than at the edge of the plume or in locations up-gradient of the source. These data suggest that the transient velocities resulted, at least in part, from enhanced biological activity that caused transient heterogeneities in the porous medium. 相似文献
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This study established wetland microcosms that were either unplanted or planted in monoculture with native mangrove species in Taiwan (Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa, and Lumnitzera racemosa) for the purpose of receiving high-salinity mariculture effluents; additionally, the microcosms operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Plant growth and the performance of the microcosms with respect to pollutant removal were investigated. The results showed that seedlings of all three mangrove species survived and grew sufficiently well under continuous flooding. The presence of mangroves consistently improved SS, BOD5, and TP removal, particularly under short HRT conditions. The mangrove microcosms removed pollutants from the mariculture effluents with efficiencies of 5.7-27.1% (SS), 4.9-36.3% (BOD5), 18.7-29.9% (TP), 21.2-49.8% (NH4-N), and 5.4-37.7% (NOx-N). A. marina and L. racemosa were more tolerant of continuous flooding than R. stylosa. However, no species displayed consistently superior performance in decreasing all pollutant-related parameters investigated. For all pollutants, microcosms operating at a 2-d HRT exhibited a higher removal efficiency than those operating at a 0.5-d HRT. 相似文献
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漂浮的冰架是气候变化的敏感指示物(Mercer,1978)。海洋的轻微变暖现象可以有效地减少冰架的体积。过去和现在建立的漂浮冰架下面的环流模式对于了解全球变暖对现今冰架的作用以及对全球海洋环流和气候的后期效应是至关重要的信息。 相似文献
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2004年11月26日发生在苏门答腊—安达曼群岛俯冲带的9·2~9·3震级的强地震是有史以来报道过的最大的地震之一。地震引发了海啸,给印度洋周边国家造成空前的灾难。断层断裂区约为(1 200~1 300)×150 km2,滑动达10~20 m。苏门答腊俯冲带体系经常遭受8~9震级的地震,1797、1833、1 相似文献