Geometry and brittle deformation of the subducting Nazca Plate, Central Chile and Argentina     

Megan Anderson  Patricia Alvarado †  George Zandt  Susan Beck 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,171(1):419-434

We use data from the Chile Argentina Geophysical Experiment (CHARGE) broad-band seismic deployment to refine past observations of the geometry and deformation within the subducting slab in the South American subduction zone between 30°S and 36°S. This region contains a zone of flat slab subduction where the subducting Nazca Plate flattens at a depth of ∼100 km and extends ∼300 km eastward before continuing its descent into the mantle. We use a grid-search multiple-event earthquake relocation technique to relocate 1098 events within the subducting slab and generate contours of the Wadati-Benioff zone. These contours reflect slab geometries from previous studies of intermediate-depth seismicity in this region with some small but important deviations. Our hypocentres indicate that the shallowest portion of the flat slab is associated with the inferred location of the subducting Juan Fernández Ridge at 31°S and that the slab deepens both to the south and the north of this region. We have also determined first motion focal mechanisms for ∼180 of the slab earthquakes. The subhorizontal T -axis solutions for these events are almost entirely consistent with a slab pull interpretation, especially when compared to our newly inferred slab geometry. Deviations of T -axes from the direction of slab dip may be explained with a gap within the subducting slab below 150 km in the vicinity of the transition from flat to normal subducting geometry around 33°S.  相似文献   

Net aboveground primary production and soil properties of floating and attached freshwater tidal marshes in the Río de la Plata estuary,Argentina     

Paula Pratolongo  Patricia Kandus  Mark M. Brinson 《Estuaries and Coasts》2007,30(4):618-626

In the lower delta of the Paraná River, at the head of the Río de la Plata estuary (Argentina), we compared net aboveground primary production (NAPP) and soil properties of the dominant macrophyteScirpus giganteus (Kunth) in a floating and an attached marsh community. Both marshes are tidally influenced but in different ways. The floating marsh site is relatively isolated from tidal influences because its ability to float makes it resistant to overland flow and to sediment inputs from the estuary. The attached marsh lacks the capacity to float and receives sediment supplies from the estuary through overland flow. These hydrologic differences are reflected in lower mineral content in sediments of the floating marsh. Using a leaf tagging technique, estimated NAPP was 1,109 ± 206 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ for the floating marsh and 1,866 ±258 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ for the attached marsh. We attribute the lower NAPP of the floating marsh to isolation from sediment input from overland flow.  相似文献   

Community structure and phenology of chironomids (Insecta: Chironomidae) in a Patagonian Andean stream     

Patricia Elizabeth García  Diego Alejandro An Surez 《Limnologica》2007,37(1):109-117

In this paper, we studied the assemblage of Chironomidae from headwaters of Ñireco stream by recording drifting pupal exuviae caught in the debris close to the shore. Samples were collected in three stations along 18 km of the stream every 2 weeks during spring–summer months and monthly during autumn–winter over a year. A total of 15949 exuviae were collected and 55 taxa were identified. The most abundant taxa were Cricotopus spp. with highest numbers of exuviae recorded in each station over the study period. Subfamily Orthocladiinae was the most abundant taxa, followed by Chironominae and Podonominae. The emergence period in the stream occurred between December 1998 and March 1999. Most of the dominant and frequent species were univoltine. The emergence peaks at each sampling station occurred at the highest temperature of the water recorded.  相似文献   

Project Fischnetz: Decline of fish catch in Switzerland     

Patricia Burkhardt-Holm 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2007,69(1):1-2

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Assessment of fish health status in four Swiss rivers showing a decline of brown trout catches   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Simone Zimmerli  Daniel Bernet  Patricia Burkhardt-Holm  Heike Schmidt-Posthaus  Pascal Vonlanthen  Thomas Wahli  Helmut Segner 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2007,69(1):11-25

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Application of the weight-of-evidence approach to assess the decline of brown trout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmo trutta</Emphasis>) in Swiss rivers     

Patricia Burkhardt-Holm  Karin Scheurer 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2007,69(1):51-70

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Dust-enshrouded asymptotic giant branch stars in the solar neighbourhood     

Enrico A. Olivier †  Patricia Whitelock  Fred Marang 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,326(2):490-514

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Nitrogen, phosphorus, silica, and carbon in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia: Differential limitation of phytoplankton biomass and production     

Patricia M. Glibert  Cynthia A. Heil  Judith M. O'Neil  William C. Dennison  Mark J. H. O'Donohue 《Estuaries and Coasts》2006,29(2):209-221

Subtropical estuaries have received comparatively little attention in the study of nutrient loading and subsequent nutrient processing relative to temperate estuaries. Australian estuaries are particularly susceptible to increased nutrient loading and eutrophication, as 75% of the population resides within 200 km of the coastline. We assessed the factors potentially limiting both biomass and production in one Australian estuary, Moreton Bay, through stoichiometric comparisons of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), silicon (Si), and carbon (C) concentrations, particulate compositions, and rates of uptake. Samples were collected over 3 seasons in 1997–1998 at stations located throughout the bay system, including one riverine endmember site. Concentrations of all dissolved nutrients, as well as particulate nutrients and chlorophyll, declined 10-fold to 100-fold from the impacted western embayments to the eastern, more oceanic-influenced regions of the bay during all seasons. For all seasons and all regions, both the dissolved nutrients and particulate biomass yielded N:P ratios <6 and N:Si ratios <1. Both relationships suggest strong limitation of biomass by N throughout the bay. Limitation of rates of nutrient uptake and productivity were more complex. Low C:N and C:P uptake ratios at the riverine site suggested light limitation at all seasons, low N:P ratios suggested some degree of N limitation and high N:Si uptake ratios in austral winter suggested Si limitation of uptake during that season only. No evidence of P limitation of biomass or productivity was evident.  相似文献   

Establishing a 200-mile fisheries zone: Office of Technology Assessment Report,US Government Printing Office,Washington. DC, 1977, 132 pages     

Patricia Birnie 《Marine Policy》1978,2(1):77-78

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Temporal and spatial dynamics of urea uptake and regeneration rates and concentrations in Chesapeake Bay     

Michael?W.?LomasEmail author  T.?Mark Trice  Patricia?M.?Glibert  Deborah?A.?Bronk  James?J.?McCarthy 《Estuaries and Coasts》2002,25(3):469-482

We examined the temporal and spatial variability of urea concentrations and urea uptake and regeneration rates collected on cruises along the longitudinal axis of the Chesapeake Bay between 1972 and 1998. Interannually, mean Bay-wide surface urea concentrations ranged between 0.49 and 0.91 μg-at N l^?1 with a nearly 50% decrease in surface concentrations observed between 1988 and 1998. Concentrations of urea from samples collected within ～1 m of the bottom were generally higher and much more varable than surface samples. Seasonally, two different patterns were observed in mean Bay-wide surface urea concentrations. Urea concentrations from near surface waters exhibited a clear summer peak for 1988 through 1994, while for 1973 and 1996 to 1998 a distinct winter-spring peak in concentration was observed. Urea concentrations from deeper waters showed a similar seasonal trend each year with peak concentrations measured in spring. Spatially, urea concentrations in the surface waters decreased in a conservative-type pattern from 0.91 μg-at N I^?1 at the freshwater end member to 0.46 μg-at N I^?1 at the ocean end member. Mean Bay-wide surface urea uptake rates displayed a seasonal pattern throughout the data set with maximum uptake rates (up to 0.33 μg-at N I^?1 h^?1) consistently observed during summer. Mean Bay-wide surface regeneration rates were highest but most variable during fall (1.63±0.82 μg-at N I^?1 h^?1). Mean urea uptake and regeneration rates displayed opposing spatial trends along the axis of the Bay with uptake rates being lowest in the North Bay where regeneration rates were highest. The average temporal and spatial patterns of urea concentration in Chesapeake Bay appear to reflect a balance between external inputs and internal biological recycling.  相似文献