基于非连续变形分析方法的深部沿空掘巷围岩变形破坏及控制机制对比研究     

江贝  李术才  王琦  朱维申  王德超  王富奇  王洪涛  阮国强  邵行 《岩土力学》2014,35(8):2353-2360

利用非连续变形分析方法（DDARF）对单节理锚固试件在单轴压缩条件下的变形破坏及裂隙扩展过程进行分析,并以深部厚顶煤综放沿空掘巷--赵楼煤矿11302工作面轨道巷为工程背景,应用DDARF对沿空巷道围岩的变形破坏及控制机制进行研究,同时利用地质力学模型试验及现场试验进行对比验证。重点分析了沿空巷道围岩裂隙演化规律,并定义裂隙率 及裂隙减少率 两个指标对DDARF计算中的沿空巷道裂隙演化规律进行定量分析。研究结果表明：采用DDARF方法对单节理试件在无锚和加锚条件下的单轴压缩试验计算与室内试验结果相吻合;对沿空掘巷过程中巷道围岩变形情况进行DDARF计算,结果显示,围岩变形呈现沿空帮>顶板>实体帮>底板的变化趋势,与模型及现场试验监测数据相符;根据 及 两个指标对计算得到的无锚和加锚沿空巷道围岩裂隙发育情况进行定量分析,结果显示,沿空巷道围岩破坏趋势为 ,与变形趋势相一致;虽然锚固效果明显,但由于Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区本身围岩破碎严重,支护后裂隙率最大的 仍然是裂隙率最小的 的2.13倍,为了维护围岩稳定性,除了进行锚杆（索）非对称支护外,还应对Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区关键部位增加支护措施。DDARF方法关于沿空巷道围岩变形破坏的计算结果与实际工程相近,可有效开展裂隙演化与变形破坏机制研究,分析此类巷道的控制对策。  相似文献   

云冈石窟砂岩循环冻融试验研究     

方云  乔梁  陈星  严绍军  翟国林  梁亚武 《岩土力学》2014,35(9):2433-2442

风化是云冈石窟目前所面临的严重的地质病害之一,温度和水分的变化是造成石窟岩体风化的重要原因,尤其是在循环冻融条件下岩体更易风化,因此,利用室内试验研究循环冻融条件下云冈石窟砂岩的物理力学性质,对于石窟岩体的稳定性评价和保护具有重要的意义。将取自云冈石窟的砂岩岩样分为饱水组、干燥组和对比组3组,通过对饱水组和干燥组岩样进行35次循环冻融试验,模拟云冈石窟砂岩的风化过程。在冻融循环开始前以及每5次冻融循环结束后,量测岩样的质量、体积,并利用超声检测分析仪对各岩样进行超声纵波测试;利用INSTRON－1346岩石伺服试验机对上述3组砂岩岩样进行单轴压缩试验,并对试验后的岩样进行SEM微观结构分析。通过试验研究,得到不同含水状态下云冈石窟砂岩岩样的冻融破坏特征以及不同循环冻融次数后岩样体积、质量、超声波纵波波速、砂岩的单轴应力-应变全过程曲线、抗压强度、抗冻系数以及微观结构的变化,分析归纳出循环冻融条件下云冈石窟砂岩的主要物理力学特性。  相似文献   

深水浊积水道储层多参数流动单元划分方法及其分布规律研究          下载免费PDF全文

万琼华  吴胜和  王石  王星  林煜  张佳佳  赵千慧 《高校地质学报》2014,20(2):317

多参数储层流动单元识别是深水浊积水道研究的发展方向,其中判别参数的选择是多参数流动单元识别的关键。以 西非尼日尔三角洲深水浊积水道储层为例,结合开发中的动态资料,优选了泥质含量、孔隙度和渗透率三个判别参数。运 用快速聚类分析的方法,将储层划分为 A,B,C,D 四类流动单元,并通过判别分析建立了流动单元的判别函数。最后根 据流动单元的判别函数进行了流动单元的单井解释,在沉积相研究的基础上分析了深水浊积水道储层流动单元的剖面与平 面分布规律。研究表明: A 类和 B 类流动单元储层质量最好,一般在水道体系的中部和浊积水道的主体较为发育。在水道 体系演化过程中,不同期次的浊积水道迁移与叠置样式以及发育规模的不同,导致内部流动单元分布样式和类型存在差 异,平面非均质性很强。  相似文献   

基于反射峰面积的水体叶绿素遥感反演模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马万栋  王桥  吴传庆  殷守敬  邢前国  朱利  吴迪 《地球信息科学学报》2014,16(6):965-970

叶绿素浓度是水体富营养化状态的重要指标,也是水色遥感反演的水质参数之一。水体中叶绿素浓度的遥感反演主要是建立实测光谱和实测水质参数二者之间的关系模型,利用遥感影像进行叶绿素浓度的信息提取。传统的叶绿素浓度遥感反演受区域性和季节性的影响,反演精度不高,而且反演模型不具普适性,需对叶绿素光谱特征进行分析,建立高精度的反演模型。本文采用Hydrolight数据模拟了不同叶绿素浓度(1~200 µg·L^-1)的水体在可见光近红外的反射波谱曲线,通过分析叶绿素的光谱特征选取了特征波段或波段组合,并建立了叶绿素浓度反演模型。研究表明,除反射峰波长模型外,反射峰面积模型、三波段模型、红光线高度模型等均能较好地反演叶绿素浓度。在不同叶绿素反演模型中,除红光线模型外,最优的是反射峰面积模型,其决定系数为0.9689,反演误差为25.25 µg·L^-1;其次是三波段模型,其决定系数为0.9637,反演误差为10.66 µg·L^-1。究其原因,三波段模型考虑了水体中非色素悬浮物、黄色物质及水体后向散射对叶绿素浓度反演造成的影响;反射峰面积模型除此之外还综合考虑了叶绿素散射效率的影响。  相似文献   

2011年10月大气环流和天气分析     

蒋星 《气象》2012,38(1):118-122

2011年10月大气环流主要特征如下：极涡呈偶极型分布,中心分别位于格陵兰岛北部和亚洲北部,位于格陵兰岛的中心比常年略偏强。中高纬度地区环流呈现4波型分布,大西洋中部和太平洋东部大槽的强度略偏强,东欧槽和东亚槽比常年偏弱。南支槽大约位于90。E附近略偏西,与多年平均位置一致,强度略偏强。副热带高压强度接近常年同期。2011年10月全国平均气温为10.6℃,较常年偏高1.0℃。全国平均降水量为38.7 mm,较常年同期偏多1.7 mm。月内出现4次较强降水过程、2次较强冷空气过程和3次大雾天气过程。  相似文献   

高频地波雷达风速反演经验模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李伦  吴雄斌  徐兴安  刘斌 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2012,37(9):1096-1099

通过分析高频地波雷达所在探测海域内浮标观测的有效波高和风速数据,建立了海面风速与有效波高的经验模型。利用二范数最小方法对该模型的参数进行估计,实验结果表明了该模型的稳定性。将所提模型应用到高频地波雷达OSMAR071数据处理中,6个月数据连续反演结果与浮标给出的风速吻合度高,表明了该风速反演经验模型的有效性。  相似文献   

长链烷基二醇在海洋环境重建中的研究进展     

侯笛  张俊杰  邢磊  周阳 《地球科学进展》2019,(2):140-147

长链烷基二醇类化合物(Long-chain alkyl diols)是指在碳链的1号位置和链中位置连接有羟基基团的类脂化合物,普遍存在于海洋、河流和湖泊环境中。由于这类化合物分布广泛、性质稳定不易降解、且检测手段较为简单,因此具有作为生物标志物的潜力,在生物地球化学领域引起了广泛的研究和关注。关于其生物来源尚未有定论,但是研究发现1,13-diols和1,15-diols可能主要来自真眼点藻,而14-diols主要来自硅藻Proboscia。目前根据长链烷基二醇建立的指标包括:硅藻生产力、上升流强度、盐度、温度、河流输入和表层海水营养盐浓度等,对古环境气候的重建有着重要的意义。归纳总结了目前长链烷基二醇指标的研究和应用进展,这有助于未来我国边缘海长链烷基二醇来源以及二醇指标的深入研究。  相似文献   

Simulation Study on the Impact of Taihang Mountain Slopes on Downhill Front Cyclone Rainstorm   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jianhong Wang  Meng Zhang  Shuyuan Ren  Xing Wang  Chunsheng Miao 《地球科学进展》2019,34(7):717-730

The statistical and diagnostic analysis of precipitation in Hebei Province in the past six years shows that the mid-south of the North China Plain on the east side of the Taihang Mountains is an area of frequent rainstorm disasters in summer. The rain belt is mostly distributed along the Taihang Mountains, and the rainfall is often over 700mm. Focus was on the summer downhill frontal Yellow River cyclone, which accounted for 20% of the 73 storm days in the statistical samples. The analysis of the typical frontal cyclone heavy rain in 2016 shows that the meridional distribution of the Taihang Mountains cooperates with the climbing mountain jet in the north of the cyclone and the southward flow in the west of the cyclone, leading to the formation of a deep narrow cold temperature trough along the mountain orientation. It enhances the temperature gradient in the frontal cyclone, enhances the baroclinicity of the cyclone and the intensity of the rotating wind, resulting in augmentation of the cyclone and slowing of the eastward movement. Through the cooperation of the entanglement of the cyclone jet and the mountain block, a deep and abundant water vapor environment is formed, and the moving westward of water vapor flux and the low-level water vapor main body are hindered; The high-energy tongue convection instability on the eastern side of the mountain range is formed, a strong uplift with abundant water vapor masses is triggered, and three critical areas of vertical motion occurred, which restricts the rainstorm locations. Numerical experiments on the mechanism of the influence of the slope of the Taihang Mountains on heavy rain show that the downhill rainstorm area is parallel to the mountain range, and the meridional mountain range can cause a greater range of heavy precipitation. It is also easy to cause double frontal precipitation locally by a same cyclonic warm front and cold front, resulting in a long duration of heavy rain. The slope of the mountain is proportional to the intensity of the mountain block and forms the wet convection instability with the dry at lower and wet at upper overlapping on a thermal instability of the front zone with cold at lower and warm at upper, such as the total instability is stronger. The slope of the mountain is proportional to the increase and maintenance time of the cyclone decompression during downhill. It is inversely proportional to the decline to the North China Plain, which affects the path and speed of the cyclone eastward movement.  相似文献   

Application and Verification of Joint Probability Method in Potential Forecast for Severe Convective Weather in Anhui Province     

Yuejia Zhu  Rui Xing  Mingjia Zhu  Dongyong Wang  Xuexing Qiu 《地球科学进展》2019,34(7):731-746

In consideration of large uncertainties in severe convective weather forecast, ensemble forecasting is a dynamic method developed to quantitatively estimate forecast uncertainty. Based on ensemble output, joint probability is a post-processing method to delineate key areas where weather event may actually occur by taking account of the uncertainty of several important physical parameters. An investigation of the environments of little rainfall convection and strong rainfall convection from April to September (warm season) during 2009-2015 was presented using daily disastrous weather data, precipitation data of 80 stations in Anhui province and NCEP Final Analysis (FNL) data. Through ingredients-based forecasting methodology and statistical analysis,four convective parameters characterizing two types of convection were obtained, respectively, which were used to establish joint probability forecasting together with their corresponding thresholds. Using the ECMWF ensemble forecast and observations from April to September during 2016-2017, systematic verification mainly based on ROC and case study of different weather processes were conducted. The results demonstrate that joint probability method is capable of discriminating little rainfall convection and non-convection with comparable performance for different lead times, which is more favorable to identifying the occurrence of strong rainfall convection. The joint probability of little rainfall convection is a good indication for the occurrence of regional or local convection, but may produce some false alarms. The joint probability of strong rainfall convection is good at indicating regional concentrated short-term heavy precipitation as well as local heavy rainfall. There are also individual missing reports in this method, and in practice, 10% can be roughly used as joint probability threshold to achieve relative high TS score. Overall, ensemble-based joint probability method can provide practical short-term probabilistic guidance for severe convective weather.  相似文献   

从源到汇:大别造山带物源区与合肥盆地南缘中生代沉积耦合关系——来自碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄证据          下载免费PDF全文

李双应  魏星  谢伟  程成  李敏  胡博  柴广路 《古地理学报》2019,21(1):82-106

形成于印支期的大别造山带和周缘中生代盆地构成了一级源汇系统,其中位于造山带北缘的合肥盆地中生代地层发育,且以盆地南缘出露最好,这为盆山源汇系统研究提供了理想的沉积记录。笔者从合肥盆地南缘采集了10个砂岩样品和1个砾岩样品,进行锆石U/Pb (LA-ICP-MS)定年分析,获得了742个有效年龄(置信度不小于85%),范围为113±3. 6-2983 Ma。这些碎屑锆石年龄谱可以被分为5个年龄段:113-137 Ma,峰值131 Ma; 184-273 Ma,峰值226 Ma; 274-517. 3 Ma,具有2个峰值280 Ma和474 Ma; 532-856. 6 Ma,具有3个峰值572 Ma、649 Ma和772 Ma; 1786-2600 Ma,具有2个峰值2035 Ma和2506 Ma。同时,总结了物源区大别造山带不同单元锆石U-Pb年龄特征。根据锆石U/Pb年龄和Th/U值,发现这5个年龄段比较准确地记录了物源区地质体,分别是早白垩世的岩浆岩、大别山高压—超高压变质岩、北淮阳的浅变质岩、北大别的正片麻岩和卢镇关群变质岩。根据锆石最小年龄,修正了合肥盆地南缘中生代地层格架,为源汇系统研究确立了时间框架。合肥盆地南缘中生代沉积可以分为4个演化阶段:晚三叠世瑞替期—早侏罗世辛涅缪斯期、中—晚侏罗世、早白垩世早期和早白垩世晚期,并据此确定了每个阶段主要物源区特征及其时空变化。碎屑锆石U/Pb年龄和Th/U值限定了大别造山带仅存在三叠纪的超高压变质作用,且超高压变质岩折返到地表的最早时间是晚三叠世瑞替期,大别造山带大陆岛弧发育的时间是新元古代。上述研究结果不仅为恢复大别造山带构造古地理做出了新的贡献,而且更为盆山源汇系统研究提供了一个实例。  相似文献