Hydrogeochemical and isotopic evidence of groundwater salinization in a coastal aquifer: a case study in Jeju volcanic island, Korea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yongje Kim  Kwang-Sik Lee  Dong-Chan Koh  Dae-Ha Lee  Seung-Gu Lee  Won-Bae Park  Gi-Won Koh  Nam-Chil Woo   《Journal of Hydrology》2003,270(3-4):282-294

In order to identify the origin of saline groundwater in the eastern part of Jeju volcanic island, Korea, a hydrogeochemical and isotopic study has been carried out for 18 observation wells located in east and southeast coastal regions. The total dissolved solid contents of groundwaters are highly variable (77–21,782 mg/l). Oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and strontium isotopic data clearly show that the saline water results from mixing of groundwater with seawater. Strontium isotopic compositions and Br/Cl and I/Cl ratios strongly suggest that the source of salinity is modern seawater intrusion. Hydrogeochemical characteristics based on bivariate diagrams of major and minor ions show that changes in the chemical composition of groundwater are mainly controlled by the salinization process followed by cation-exchange reactions. The highly permeable aquifers at the east coastal region are characterized by low hydraulic gradient and discharge rate and high hydraulic conductivity as compared with other regions. These properties enhance the salinization of groundwater observed in the study area. Based on the Cl, Br, and δ¹⁸O data, seawater was determined to have intruded inland some 2.5 km from the coastline. Considering the poor correlation of sampling depth and Cl concentrations observed, the position of seawater-freshwater interface is not uniformly distributed in the study area, due to heterogeneities of the basaltic aquifers.  相似文献   

公元1840年以来东亚夏季风降水变化—— 以中国和韩国的树轮记录为例   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

刘禹  Won-Kyu Park  蔡秋芳  Jung-Wook Seo  Hyun-Sook Jung 《中国科学D辑》2003,33(6):543-549

根据中国和韩国3条树木年轮降水记录, 本文分析了过去160 a以来东亚夏季风降水的变迁历史. 统计分析表明, 年际间中国和韩国季风降水不存在线性相关, 而在10 a尺度上则表现出同步变化的趋势. 1860~1890, 1910~1925, 1940~1960年是3个降水量较多的时段; 1890~1910, 1925~1940, 1960~1998年, 则是3个降水量较少的时段. 3条降水重建序列均揭示1920年代中期东亚夏季风降水快速由多转少. 同时树木年轮季风降水重建序列也被基于中国历史文献记载所划分的旱涝指数和韩国雨量记录所证实.  相似文献   

Four-dimensional variational data assimilation for mesoscale and storm-scale applications   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. K. Park  D. Županski 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2003,82(1-4):173-208

Summary ?The status and progress of the four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) are briefly reviewed focusing on application to prediction of mesoscale/storm-scale atmospheric phenomena. Theoretical background is provided for each important component of the 4DVAR system – forecast and adjoint models, observations, background, cost function, preconditioning, and minimization. An overview of practical issues specific for mesoscale/storm-scale 4DVAR is then presented in terms of high-resolution observations, nonlinearity and discontinuity problem, model error, errors from lateral boundary condition, and precipitation assimilation. Practical strategies for efficient and simplified 4DVAR are also introduced, e.g., incremental 4DVAR, poor man’s 4DVAR, and inverse 3DVAR. A new concept on hybrid approach is proposed to combine an efficient 4DVAR scheme and the standard 4DVAR scheme aiming at reducing computational demand required by the standard 4DVAR while improving the accuracy of the simplified 4DVAR. Applications to both hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic models are illustrated and our vision on opportunities and directions for future research is provided. Received March 12, 2001; revised July 24, 2001; accepted September 5, 2001  相似文献   

A synthesis of Cretaceous palaeomagnetic data from South Korea: tectonic implications in East Asia   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Yong-Hee Park  Seong-Jae Doh  In-Chang Ryu  Dongwoo Suk 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,162(3):709-724

  相似文献   

Segmentation of the Housing Market and its Determinants: Seoul and its neighbouring new towns in Korea     

Kabsung Kim  Juyoung Park 《The Australian geographer》2005,36(2):221-232

This study identifies the spatial pattern of housing price changes and their determinants in Seoul and its neighbouring new towns. The results of a cluster analysis show that the spatial pattern of housing price change rates is nor correlated with housing prices. It is found that housing price change rates vary with the Chonse price index and money supply, building permit area, stock price index, and yield on 3 year corporate bonds. It is also shown that the more apartment units that are built in a region, the lower the housing price change rate.  相似文献   

Orthoclase dissolution kinetics probed by in situ X-ray reflectivity: effects of temperature, pH, and crystal orientation     

P Fenter  C Park  Z Zhang  N.C Sturchio 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2003,67(2):197-211

Initial dissolution kinetics at orthoclase (001) and (010) cleavage surfaces were measured for ∼2 to 7 monolayers as a function of temperature using in situ X-ray reflectivity. The sensitivity of X-ray reflectivity to probe mineral dissolution is discussed, including the applicability of this approach for different dissolution processes and the range of dissolution rates (∼10⁻¹² to 10⁻⁶ mol/m²/sec) that can be measured. Measurements were performed at pH 12.9 for the (001) surface and at pH 1.1 for the (001) and (010) surfaces at temperatures between 46 and 83°C. Dissolution at pH 12.9 showed a temperature-invariant process with an apparent activation energy of 65 ± 7 kJ/mol for the (001) cleavage surface consistent with previous powder dissolution results. Dissolution at pH 1.1 of the (001) and (010) surfaces revealed a similar process for both surfaces, with apparent activation energies of 87 ± 7 and 41 ± 7 kJ/mol, respectively, but with systematic differences in the dissolution process as a function of temperature. Longer-term measurements (five monolayers) show that the initial rates reported here at acidic pH are greater than steady-state rates by a factor of 2. Apparent activation energies at acidic pH differ substantially from powder dissolution results for K-feldspar; the present results bracket the value derived from powder dissolution measurements. The difference in apparent activation energies for the (001) and (010) faces at pH 1.1 reveals an anisotropy in dissolution kinetics that depends strongly on temperature. Our results imply a projected ∼25-fold change in the ratio of dissolution rates for the (001) and (010) surfaces between 25 and 90°C. The dissolution rate of the (001) surface is higher than that of the (010) surface above 51°C and is projected to be lower below this temperature. These results indicate clearly that the kinetics and energetics of orthoclase dissolution at acidic pH depend on crystal orientation. This dependence may reflect the different manifestation of the Al-Si ordering between the T1 and T2 tetrahedral sites at these two crystal faces and can be rationalized in terms of recent theoretical models of mineral dissolution.  相似文献   

P-SH Conversions in Layered Media with Hexagonally Symmetric Anisotropy: A CookBook   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

V. Levin  J. Park 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1998,151(2-4):669-697

—Reflectivity synthetic seismograms demonstrate that the type, layering and orientation of 1-D anisotropy influences strongly the coda of teleseismic P waves at periods T > 1 sec, particularly P-SH converted waves. We assume the simplest form of anisotropy described by an elastic tensor with a symmetry axis ? of arbitrary orientation. The resulting phase velocities vary as cos 2ξ with respect to that axis. Using three families of simple crustal models, we compare the effects of an anisotropic surface layer with reverberations caused by both "thick" and "thin" layers of anisotropy at depth. If anisotropy in the surface layer is significant, the polarization of direct P can be distorted to generate a transverse component, followed by Ps and a prominent shear reverberation converted from direct P at the free surface. If the anisotropic layer is buried, the first, and often the most prominent, arrival on the transverse component is the P-to-SH conversion at its upper surface. If the anisotropic layer is sufficiently thin, P-to-SH conversions from its boundaries interfere to form a derivative pulse shape on the transverse component, which could be mistaken as the signature of shear-wave splitting. If ? is horizontal, compressional (P) and shear (S) anisotropy both produce similar waveform perturbations with four-lobed azimuthal patterns, suggesting that a weighted stack of P coda from different back-azimuths would improve signal-to-noise. For ? tilted between the horizontal and vertical, however, the effects of P- and S-anisotropy differ greatly. The influence of P-anisotropy on P-to-S conversion is greatest for a symmetry axis tilted at 45° to the vertical, where its azimuthal pattern has two lobes, rather than four. Combinations of P- and S-anisotropy typically lead to a composite azimuthal dependence in the P-coda reverberations.  相似文献   

内蒙古宁城道虎沟地区首次发现中侏罗世蝌蚪化石   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

袁崇喜  张鸿斌李明 季鑫鑫 《地质学报》2004,78(2):145-148

中国中生代的两栖类化石十分稀少,已报道的有尾两栖类仅见产于河北丰宁县凤山炮樟沟晚侏罗世的东方塘螈(Laccotriton subsolanus)、凤山中华螈(Sinerpeton fengshanensis)、辽宁葫芦岛市水口子早白垩世的钟健辽西螈(Liaoxitriton zhongjiani)、内蒙古宁城道虎沟地区中侏罗世的天义初螈(Chunerpeton tianyiensis)和奇异热河螈(Jeholotriton paradoxus),以及辽西早白垩世热河生物群中的无尾两栖类葛氏辽蟾(Liaobatrachus grabaui)、三燕丽蟾(Callobatrachus sanyanensis)北票中蟾(Mesophryne beipiaoensis)。本文记述了一件采自内蒙古宁城道虎沟地区中侏罗世的蝌蚪化石,这在中国乃至亚洲尚属首次报道,不仅填补了中国中侏罗世无尾两栖类化石分布的空白,而且进一步丰富了燕辽生物群的内容,对早期蛙类的地理分布、形态发生、生存环境等研究具有重要的科学价值。  相似文献   

Detailed mapping of seismic anisotropy with local shear waves in southeastern Kamchatka   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

V. Levin  D. Droznin  J. Park  E. Gordeev 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,158(3):1009-1023

  相似文献   

Seismic structure and seismogenesis off Sanriku region, northeastern Japan   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Narumi Takahashi  Shuichi Kodaira  Tetsuro Tsuru  Jin-Oh Park  Yoshiyuki Kaneda  Kiyoshi Suyehiro  Hajimu Kinoshita  Shintaro Abe  Minoru Nishino  Ryota Hino 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,159(1):129-145

  相似文献