门源M_S 6.4地震形变同震响应特征分析     

苏维刚  马震 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,38(3):117-121

整理2016年1月21日1时13分青海门源M_S 6.4地震数字化形变观测资料,分析此次地震同震响应记录,重点研究地倾斜同震响应随空间的变化特征。结果发现:地倾斜同震响应与地震台站位置有关,对于不同台站,同震响应具有不同的变化形态。统计认为,同震响应曲线形态具有的优势指向对发震断层走向具有一定指示意义。  相似文献   

基于结构类型和使用功能的建筑分类及其应用     

景冰冰  李小军  陈苏  刘辰  熊政辉 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(2):293-303

基于结构类型的建筑分类是抗震设计和地震灾害分布调查的基础,也是开展建筑结构地震易损性研究所依据的分类形式,而在社会管理中则更注重基于使用功能的建筑分类。上述2种建筑分类方法难以给出恰当的经济损失评估结果,因此在面向地震巨灾保险研究与应用时存在一些不足。首先,传统的建筑分类将建筑的使用功能与结构类型平行处理,未考虑建筑结构类型和建筑使用功能的耦合影响;其次,随着经济社会的发展,建筑结构形式和使用功能均不断地变化,需要发展适用性强大的非固定类型分类方法。本文针对地震巨灾保险业务中建筑分类这一核心问题,结合中国建筑形式和使用功能,从建筑结构分类出发,进一步考虑建筑的使用功能,形成了基于结构类型-使用功能多因素耦合的建筑分类模型,并以北京市典型区域为例,对所提出的建筑分类模型开展应用示范。同时,本文提出的建筑分类模型结合网络信息技术,可解决传统分类应用于具体目标区域时分类指标体系不具备可变性的问题,满足了地震巨灾保险的数据需求。  相似文献   

钢筋混凝土柱的破坏形态及变形能力研究     

刘科  黄娇  马煜东  张宁  苏佶智 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(4):750-759

对钢筋混凝土（RC）柱在地震作用下的变形性能进行量化,本文从太平洋地震研究中心柱数据库中收集到123根RC柱抗震性能试验数据,提出基于参数剪跨比和弯剪比的RC柱破坏形态判别标准;在弯曲破坏、弯剪破坏、剪切破坏三种破坏形态下,研究了轴压比、剪跨比、配箍特征值等参数对位移角的显著性影响,通过回归分析归纳出三种破坏形态下屈服位移角和极限位移角的回归方程,回归系数显著性概率均小于0.05。结果表明:本文提出的RC柱破坏形态判别标准准确度高,适应性强;位移角线性回归方程具有合理性。  相似文献   

Groundwater flow path determination during riverbank filtration affected by groundwater exploitation: a case study of Liao River,Northeast China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xiaosi Su  Shuai Lu  Ruimin Gao  Dong Su  Wenzhen Yuan  Zhenxue Dai 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(14):2331-2347

The groundwater flow path plays an important role in maintaining hydrological and ecological quality and security, which are important in the comprehensive management and use of both groundwater and surface water. In this study, an integrated multi-tracer-constrained framework was used to determine the groundwater flow path. The results show that there are shallow and deep flow paths in riverbank filtration, controlled by the different permeabilities of riverbed sediments and aquifers at different depths. The contribution of river water to shallow groundwater is less than that to deep groundwater because of the low permeability of the riverbed sediment in the dense muddy layer in the shallow slope of the river valley. This contribution decreases with increasing distance from the Liao River. The shallow groundwater quality is better than the deep groundwater quality because of its longer residence time.  相似文献   

基于地理核心素养培养的教学案例设计——以“大规模海水运动”第一课时为例     

苏炜瑶 《地理教学》2019,(13):33-36

随着教育改革深入推进,地理核心素养成为课程总目标,预示着地理教育进入新的发展阶段。本文以“大规模海水运动”第一课时为例,以Boyan Slat主人公保护海洋的故事为主线,融合Earth Null School软件及模拟洋流小实验,归纳出洋流分布规律,最后升华海洋保护的主题,从中渗透地理核心素养的培育。  相似文献   

粒度和磁化率记录的毛乌素沙地东缘全新世气候变化   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

韩瑞  苏志珠  李想  柳苗苗  马义娟 《中国沙漠》2019,39(2):105-114

通过对毛乌素沙地东缘大柳塔剖面地层沉积物粒度及磁化率特征的分析,结合光释光测年结果,探讨了毛乌素沙地全新世气候变化。结果表明:(1)剖面沉积物粒度组成以中砂、粗砂为主,古土壤中黏粒组分含量高(3.32%),风成砂中几乎不含黏粒组分(0.01%),粒度参数的平均粒径M_z和分选系数σ也表现为古土壤高值、风成砂低值;(2)磁化率在全剖面呈有规律的变化,低频、高频磁化率在古土壤中呈高值,湖沼相、弱成壤次之,风成砂最小;低频磁化率χ_lf与黏粒(<2μm)含量、平均粒径M_z呈显著正相关,垂向剖面上变化规律一致,指示了相似的气候环境意义;(3)毛乌素沙地在10.39 ka BP附近存在明显的3次冷干-暖湿气候波动; 10.39～9.34 ka BP,气候冷干,风沙活动盛行; 9.34～8.68 ka BP,冬季风衰退,夏季风增强,成壤作用强烈; 8.68～8.29 ka BP,气候寒冷干燥; 8.29～2.72 ka BP,气候整体温暖湿润,在6.55～3.80 ka BP达到鼎盛后转向冷干; 2.72～1.34 ka BP,冬季风占主导,沙丘活化,沙漠扩张; 1.34 ka BP至今,逐渐接近现代气候。毛乌素沙地的全新世气候变化是东亚冬、夏季风此消彼长作用下全球气候变化的区域响应。  相似文献   

中国北方农牧交错带鄂尔多斯高原段土壤表层粒度特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王国玲  苏志珠  毛丽  张秋华  马义娟 《中国沙漠》2019,39(3):183-190

土壤粒度是描述土壤性质的重要参数,研究农牧交错带土壤表层粒度对土壤质量和沙化程度评价具有科学意义。对不同沉积物类型及土地利用方式土壤表层(0~5 cm深度)粒度进行分析。结果表明:(1)沙黄土、覆沙黄土残积物、风化残积物中粉粒最多,其次为极细砂和细砂,这3个粒级含量之和表现为沙黄土(96.51%)>覆沙黄土残积物(88.29%)>风化残积物(77.58%);风成沙土壤表层以细砂(53.85%)和中砂(26.13%)为主。(2)平均粒径由小到大依次为沙黄土(4.78Φ)、覆沙黄土残积物(4.62Φ)、风化残积物(3.80Φ)、风成沙(2.46Φ);分选性由差到好依次为风化残积物、覆沙黄土残积物、沙黄土、风成沙;偏度呈现为正偏或极正偏;峰值表明风成沙(2.30)粒径分布最为集中。(3)同一地表沉积物中,砾石和极粗砂等粗颗粒在农田较多,粉粒在草地较多,极细砂在林地较多;风成沙中,粉粒在固定沙丘略多,细砂在半固定沙丘较多,砾石、极粗砂等粗颗粒仅在流动沙丘地中分布。(4)土壤颗粒分形维数表现为沙黄土(2.5242)>覆沙黄土残积物(2.4373)>风化残积物(2.3554)>风成沙(2.2815);地表沉积物类型不同,表层土壤分形维数与粒级含量相关性有着明显差异。  相似文献   

毒品贸易与国家主权破碎：基于缅甸北部的政治地理学分析     

苏晓波  蔡晓梅  周灿 《热带地理》2019,39(6):799-811

与中国云南省接壤的缅甸北部少数民族自治邦,包括掸邦和克钦邦,构成全球第二大非法毒品生产地的金三角核心区。通过借助历史档案和学术文献,聚焦缅甸北部,基于政治地理的视角,理清缅甸北部毒品贸易的历史起源,探讨了自缅甸1948年独立后毒品贸易给该国带来的政治与经济危机,以及相应的地缘政治冲突和外部干预。文章试图回答的问题有：为什么毒品贸易能够在缅北扎根?毒品贸易如何影响缅甸政府在其北部山区的主权完整和领土控制?文章的核心观点是毒品成为缅甸国内破碎主权和外部势力干预的原因和结果,毒品贸易以及与毒品相关的犯罪活动已经渗入缅北,严重危害了缅甸的主权完整。毒品贸易也为外部势力介入缅甸国内事务提供了契机。由于主体民族缅族控制的中央政府同缅北的少数民族地方武装间缺乏足够的信任,民族和解缺乏基础,也无法为全面禁毒创造有利的政治条件。因而,缅北的毒品贸易和缅甸的国家建设相互影响,导致国家主权破碎化和外部干预,导致缅北成为亚洲最贫穷落后的地区。文章分析以毒品为核心的开源权力机制与非正式或者非法全球化,丰富了Agnew有关主权的理论,在实践方面有助于认识中缅边境安全的复杂性,促进云南同东南亚的跨国区域化。  相似文献   

Using two contrasting methods with the same tracers to trace the main sediment source in a mountainous catchment     

WU Han  XIONG Dong-hong  ZHANG Su  YUAN Yong  LI Wan-Xin  LIU Lin  SU Zheng-an  LU Xiao-ning 《山地科学学报》2019,(10)

Assessing the contribution of sediments from different sources is essential to understand erosive processes and formulate further soil conservation strategies to address environmental problems.In this study,we combined the source fingerprinting approach with geochemistry,including comparison of potential sources,and distribution pattern of major elements,to estimate the different land-use relative contributions to streambed sediment in the Luowugou catchment(13.5 km~2)located on the Heishui River,the first branch of the Jinsha River,China.A total of 57 samples from stream bank,cropland,grassland,forest land,and sediments were collected,and then,15 elements were analyzed foreach sample.The fingerprinting results demonstrated that the stream bank(62.4%)had the greatest relative contribution to the bed sediment yield,while cropland,grassland,and forest land contributed 18.6%,14.9%,and 4.1%to the bed sediments,respectively.In comparison to the fingerprinting method,even though the results upon geochemistry only provide a qualitative assessment,the ranking of sediment contributions based on geochemistry was consistent with the sediment fingerprinting ranking,that is,stream bankcroplandgrasslandforest land.Our findings suggest that the focal point for sediment control practices should be the stream bank rather than cropland in the region.Geochemistry can result in an important means in validating the fingerprinting results.  相似文献   

Searching for GeV gamma-ray emission from the bulge of M31     

Li Feng  Zhi-Yuan Li  Meng Su  Pak-Hin T.Tam  Yang Chen 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2019,(3):131-144

The three major large-scale, diffuse γ-ray structures of the Milky Way are the Galactic disk,a bulge-like GeV excess towards the Galactic center, and the Fermi bubble. Whether such structures can also be present in other normal galaxies remains an open question. M31, as the nearest massive normal galaxy, holds promise for spatially-resolving the γ-ray emission. Based on more than 8 years of Fermi-LAT observations, we use(1) disk,(2) bulge, and(3) disk-plus-bulge templates to model the spatial distribution of the γ-ray emission from M31. Among these, the disk-plus-bulge template delivers the best-fit, in which the bulge component has a TS value 25.7 and a photon-index of 2.57 ± 0.17, providing strong evidence for a centrally-concentrated γ-ray emission from M31, that is analogous to the Galactic center excess. The total0.2–300 GeV γ-ray luminosity from this bulge component is(1.16 ± 0.14) × 1038 erg s-1, which would require ～ 1.5 × 105 millisecond pulsars, if they were the dominant source. We also search for a Fermi bubble-like structure in M31 using the full dataset(pass8), but no significant evidence has been found.In addition, a likelihood analysis using only photons with the most accurate reconstructed direction(i.e.,PSF3-only data) reveals a 4.8 σ point-like source located at ～10 kpc to the northwest of the M31 disk, with a luminosity of(0.97 ± 0.27) × 1038 erg s-1 and a pho@ton-$i·nd3 ex of 2.31 ± 0.18. Lacking a counterpart on the southeast side of the disk, the relation between this point-like source and a bubble-like structure remains elusive.  相似文献