Computation of complete synthetic seismograms for laterally heterogeneous models using the Direct Solution Method     

Phil R. Cummins  Nozomu Takeuchi  Robert J. Geller 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,130(1):1-16

We use the Direct Solution Method (DSM) together with the modified operators derived by Geller & Takeuchi (1995) and Takeuchi, Geller & Cummins (1996) to compute complete synthetic seismograms and their partial derivatives for laterally heterogeneous models in spherical coordinates. The methods presented in this paper are well suited to conducting waveform inversion for 3-D Earth structure. No assumptions of weak perturbation are necessary, although such approximations greatly improve computational efficiency when their use is appropriate.
An example calculation is presented in which the toroidal wavefield is calculated for an axisymmetric model for which velocity is dependent on depth and latitude but not longitude. The wavefield calculated using the DSM agrees well with wavefronts calculated by tracing rays. To demonstrate that our algorithm is not limited to weak, aspherical perturbations to a spherically symmetric structure, we consider a model for which the latitude-dependent part of the velocity structure is very strong.  相似文献   

Upwelling front and two-cell circulation in a two-dimensional model     

Ken Matsuno  Kensuke Takeuchi  Nobuo Suginohara 《Journal of Oceanography》1978,34(5):217-221

The intensification of upwelling front and two-cell circulation is studied numerically in a two dimensional level model. Upwelling front is set initially with longshore geostrophic flow. The uniform wind stress forces the ocean which has an infinite north-south coast line. Two-cell circulation, downwelling just inshore-side of the front and upwelling offshore-side, is induced, and the front is intensified. It is found that the intensification is occurred in the inshore-side of the front, and the intensification is basically due to the deviation from the thermal-wind balance, as is shown bySuginohara (1977). It is found that the inshore-side cell intrudes under the pycnocline. It seems to reproduce the observed two-cell circulation.  相似文献   

Erratum     

K. Moritake  H. Handa  J. Yamashita  J. Takeuchi  W. Taki  et al. 《Geo-Marine Letters》1991,11(1):vi-vi

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Halogen concentrations in pore waters and sediments of the Nankai Trough,Japan: Implications for the origin of gas hydrates     

Y. Muramatsu  T. Doi  H. Tomaru  U. Fehn  R. Takeuchi  R. Matsumoto 《Applied Geochemistry》2007

Presented here are halogen concentrations (Cl, Br and I) in pore waters and sediments from three deep cores in gas hydrate fields of the Nankai Trough area. The three cores were drilled between 1999 and 2004 in different geologic regions of the northeastern Nankai Trough hydrate zone. Iodine concentrations in all three cores increase rapidly with depth from seawater concentrations (0.00043 mmol/L) to values of up to 0.45 mmol/L. The chemical form of I was identified as I⁻, in accordance with the anaerobic conditions in marine sediments below the SO₄ reduction depth. The increase in I is accompanied by a parallel, although lesser increase in Br concentrations, while Cl concentrations are close to seawater values throughout most of the profiles. Large concentration fluctuations of the three halogens in pore waters were found close to the lower boundary of the hydrate stability zone, related to processes of formation and dissociation of hydrates in this zone. Generally low concentrations of I and Br in sediments and the lack of correlation between sediment and pore water profiles speak against derivation of I and Br from local sediments and suggest transport of halogen rich fluids into the gas hydrate fields. Differences in the concentration profiles between the three cores indicate that modes of transportation shifted from an essentially vertical pattern in a sedimentary basin location to more horizontal patterns in accretionary ridge settings. Because of the close association between organic material and I and the similarity of transport behavior for I⁻ and CH₄, the results suggest that the CH₄ in the gas hydrates also was transported by aqueous fluids from older sediments into the present layers.  相似文献   

Finite boundary perturbation theory for the elastic equation of motion     

Nozomu Takeuchi 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,160(3):1044-1058

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Displacement properties of landslide masses at the initiation of failure in quick clay deposits and the effects of meteorological and hydrological factors     

Takashi Okamoto  Jan Otto Larsen  Sumio Matsuura  Shiho Asano  Yoshitsugu Takeuchi  Lars Grande 《Engineering Geology》2004,72(3-4):233-251

This study aimed to identify displacement properties of landslide masses at the initiation of failure and factors that affect the landslides activities in areas where quick clay is found. We set up a research site in a quick clay deposit area in Norway and monitored the displacements of landslide masses and meteorological and hydrological factors for a long period of time using an automatic monitoring system. The system collected data for two landslides that occurred at the site from the start of their movement until their ultimate collapse.

The two landslides that were monitored showed definite secondary and tertiary creep stages before they collapsed. One of the landslides moved from the secondary stage to the tertiary creep stage when another landslide occurred nearby. The tertiary stage of this landslide showed reconstruction of short primary, secondary, and tertiary creep stages. These phenomena suggested that (1) the stress at the end of the landslide mass was released during the nearby landslide, and (2) a new stress distribution was formed in the landslide mass. The critical strain differed for 14 times between the two landslide masses we monitored. The difference was likely attributable to the difference in the contents of quick clay, which shows small critical stress against slope failure, as well as topological factors.

Our analyses of the effects of hydrological and meteorological factors on landslides showed that the precipitation of 3 and 10 days before six slope failures as the final stages of the landslides that had occurred in the research area was no different from the mean precipitation of periods that showed no slope failure, suggesting that precipitation had no direct effects on the collapse of the landslide masses. On the other hand, the traveling velocities of the landslide masses during the secondary creep stage, which was prior to their collapse, were affected by the water content of the soil and precipitation (and the amount of snowmelt water), but was little correlated with the pore-water pressure of the quick clay layer. We also found that the presence of snow cover scarcely affected landslide movements.  相似文献   

Formation of the Yakuno ophiolite; accretionary subduction under medium-pressure-type metamorphic conditions     

Soichi Osozawa  Hiroshi Takeuchi  Toru Koitabashi 《Tectonophysics》2004,393(1-4):197

The notion that the Yakuno ophiolite and overlying Maizuru Group represents an accretionary prism formed during the Permian evolution of Japan on the Yakuno eruptive sequence, association of hemipelagic mudstone with silicic tuff, exotic fossiliferous limestones derived from previously accreted sea-mounts, upward coarsening of sequences terrigenous sandstone and conglomerate, and mildly deformed Permian and Triassic forearc basin formations. The most important indicator, however, is the seaward imbrication and repetition observed in both the Maizuru Group and the ophiolite itself. D1 deformation structures include axial–planar foliations (pressure-solution cleavage for the Maizuru Group and granulite–amphibolite metamorphic layering in the ophiolite), flattening type strain, symmetric pressure shadows and fringes, and isoclinal folds showing axial–planar foliations and thrust faulting at their overturned limb. The exceptional asymmetry observed indicates seaward-directed shearing near the thrust, while D1 structures in the Maizuru zone are explained by off-scraping, above the basal decollement. The later Jurassic D2 kink fold structure includes a first-order asymmetric kink with a brittle thrust at its overturned limb, more-or-less coeval with M2 retrograde metamorphism. Medium-pressure M1 prograde metamorphism in the Yakuno ophiolite produced layering of granulite and amphibolite, and in the Maizuru Group, formation of illite along pressure-solution cleavage of mudstones. The metamorphic grade is controlled by the stratigraphic relationships and appears typical of that in ocean floor regions. However, there was only one episode of M1 prograde metamorphism which occurred contemporaneously with D1 off-scraping. Given that subduction zones are normally characterized by high P/T metamorphic regimes, the observed P/T history appears to reflect relatively unusual conditions. Such high thermal gradients may plausibly reflect the approach of a young, hot oceanic plate which continued subducting beneath the Japanese arc. Accordingly, the Yakuno ophiolite was probably formed at the trench–trench–ridge triple junction.  相似文献   

On the prediction of the kurtosis of velocity derivatives in a turbulent field     

K. Takeuchi 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1979,16(4):331-349

The prediction of the values of non-dimensional fourth-order moment (kurtosis) of the velocity derivative in a turbulent field is made under the assumption that the values of kurtosis depend on both the turbulence Reynolds number and the intermittency factor. The method consists of modeling a suitable probability density of the variable in a given turbulence Reynolds number and the intermittency factor. A crude model of the probability density function is derived, and the numerical calculations based on the model show excellent agreement with many of the experimental data. The analysis shows that the values of kurtosis depend strongly on the intermittency factor, and that depending on the value of the intermittency factor, it is entirely possible to have values of kurtosis as low as five in a flow with a turbulence Reynolds number of 5000.  相似文献   

Out‐of‐plane stability assessment of buckling‐restrained braces including connections with chevron configuration          下载免费PDF全文

Toru Takeuchi  Ryota Matsui  Saki Mihara 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(12):1895-1917

One of the key limit states of buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) is global flexural buckling including the effects of the connections. The authors have previously proposed a unified explicit equation set for controlling the out‐of‐plane stability of BRBs based on bending‐moment transfer capacity at the restrainer ends. The proposed equation set is capable of estimating BRB stability for various connection stiffnesses, including initial out‐of‐plane drift effects. However, it is only valid for symmetrical end conditions, limiting application to the single diagonal configuration. In the chevron configuration, the out‐of‐plane stiffness in the two ends differs because of the rotation of the attached beam. In this study, the equation set is extended to BRBs with asymmetric end conditions, such as the chevron configuration. Cyclic loading tests of the chevron configuration with initial out‐of‐plane drifts are conducted, and the results are compared with the proposed equation set, which is formulated as a function of the normalized stiffness of the attached beam. © 2016 The Authors. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. © 2016 The Authors. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

Generation of electromotive force in igneous rocks subjected to non-uniform loading          下载免费PDF全文

Akihiro Takeuchi  &#  mer Aydan  Keizo Sayanagi  Toshiyasu Nagao 《地震科学（英文版）》2011,24(6):593-600

When one end of an air-dry igneous rock block was uniaxially loaded in laboratory, there appeared an electromotive force that made electric currents flow from the stressed volume to the unstressed volume. Quartz-free rocks such as gabbro also generated this force, stronger than quartz-bearing rocks such as granite. This indicates that the piezoelectric effect of quartz and the electrokinetic effect of pore water do not make a large contribution toward generating the electromotive force. We focus on peroxy bond that is one of the abundant lattice defects in igneous rock-forming minerals. When mechanical loading deforms the lattice structure around this defect and breaks its bond, its energy levels change and act like an accepter. As an electron is trapped at this defect from a neighbor O^2- site, a positive hole is activated there. They attempt to diffuse toward the unstressed volume through the valence band and are simultaneously affected by the attractive electric force with the electrons trapped in peroxy bonds. This leads to a polarization in the stressed volume and the generation of electromotive force between the stressed and unstressed volumes. Similar electromotive force may be generated in the Earth's crust where inhomogeneous stress/strain is changing.  相似文献