Olivine-rich exposures in the South Pole-Aitken Basin     

Satoru Yamamoto  Ryosuke Nakamura  Tsuneo Matsunaga  Yoshiko Ogawa  Yoshiaki Ishihara  Tomokatsu Morota  Naru Hirata  Makiko Ohtake  Takahiro Hiroi  Yasuhiro Yokota  Junichi Haruyama 《Icarus》2012,218(1):331-344

The distribution and the geological context of the olivine-rich exposures in the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) Basin on the Moon were investigated based on the spectral data obtained from the Spectral Profiler (SP) and Multiband Imager (MI) onboard the Japanese lunar explorer Kaguya/SELENE. The olivine-rich exposures are found only in the peak rings or central peaks of the Schrödinger basin and Zeeman crater, which are located in the outer region of the SPA Basin and not in the center region. On a localized scale, the olivine-rich materials are exposed on landslide features on the crater walls or sloped wall of the central peaks or the peak rings. Another observational finding is the co-existence of olivine-rich and plagioclase-rich materials on a kilometer scale spanning most of the olivine-rich sites in the Schrödinger basin. Pyroxene-rich materials are found in fresh craters outside the peak rings or the central peaks with olivine-rich materials. Based on these results, the following scenario are proposed: (1) the impact to form the SPA Basin melted a large amount of the lunar upper mantle and crust, and distributed the melted materials to the outer region; (2) local differentiation of melted materials hid the olivine-rich materials in the center region of the SPA Basin; (3) later impacts that formed the Schrödinger and Zeeman craters excavated and exposed the olivine-rich materials to the surface again; and (4) space weathering and regolith gardening obscured the olivine-rich spectra at the exposure sites, but recent, small scale impacts or landslides on the sloped wall exposed fresh olivine-rich materials, allowing the identification of the olivine-rich exposures by spectral remote-sensing. This suggests that several, different scale events play an important role in forming the surface distributions of originally deep-seated materials on the Moon, as well as on other planetary bodies.  相似文献   

Putting a spin on palaeotsunami deposits          下载免费PDF全文

James Goff  Bruce McFadgen  Catherine Chagué‐Goff  Kazuhisa Goto  Scott Nichol 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(9):1293-1296

Palaeotsunami research is a relatively young discipline and while considerable progress has been made in identifying the evidence of past events there are still difficulties on occasion in differentiating between palaeotsunami and palaeostorm deposits. This has tended to focus debate on the similarities and differences between deposits laid down by the two differing processes at the expense of alternative hypotheses. Although coastal research in New Zealand a decade ago drew attention to high elevation coarse sediment deposits laid down by waterspouts, it was largely ignored by the research community. Re‐analysis of a possible palaeotsunami deposit on a nearshore island in New Zealand, however, highlights the likelihood that this deposit, and perhaps many similar coastal ones, may have been laid down by waterspouts. In essence, the palaeotsunami–palaeostorm debate can no longer ignore waterspouts as an alternative hypothesis, but only time will tell how significant a contribution waterspouts have made to catastrophic coastal sedimentation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Morphology and formation of spreading cracks on pillow lavas at Cape Grim, northwestern Tasmania, Australia     

Yoshihiko Goto  Jocelyn McPhie 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(7):1611-1619

Tertiary basaltic pillow lobes at Cape Grim, northwestern Tasmania, Australia display well-preserved spreading cracks in the glassy crust. The spreading cracks are lens-shaped or rectangular in plan view. In cross section, they consist of a graben-like depression with a broad floor bounded by steep scarps. The floor of spreading crack contains an axial crack and a number of ridges that are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axial crack. The ridges within spreading cracks are inferred to have formed by the regular, repeated production and splitting of new crust at the centre of the spreading crack. This new interpretation of ridges in spreading cracks differs from the previous interpretation in which they are regarded as elongate normal fault blocks. Our interpretation provides new insight into the propagation mechanisms of pillow lavas.  相似文献   

Integrated field spectroscopy of E+A (post-starburst) galaxies with the Kyoto tridimensional spectrograph II     

Tomotsugu Goto  Atsushi Kawai  Atsushi Shimono  Hajime Sugai  Masafumi Yagi  Takashi Hattori 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,386(3):1355-1365

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A Hamiltonian Particle Method with a Staggered Particle Technique for Simulating Seismic Wave Propagation     

Junichi Takekawa  Hitoshi Mikada  Tada-nori Goto 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2014,171(8):1747-1757

We present a Hamiltonian particle method (HPM) with a staggered particle technique for simulating seismic wave propagation. In the conventional HPM, physical variables, such as particle displacement and stress, are defined at the center, i.e., at the same position, of each particle. As most seismic simulations using finite difference methods (FDM) are practiced with staggered grid techniques, we know the staggered alignment of space variables could improve the numerical accuracy. In the present study, we hypothesized that staggered technique could improve the numerical accuracy also in the HPM and tested the hypothesis. First, we conducted a plane wave analysis for the HPM with the staggered particles in order to verify the validity of our strategy. The comparison of grid dispersion in our strategy with that in the conventional one suggests that the accuracy would be improved dramatically by use of the staggered technique. It is also observed that the dispersion of waves is dependent on the propagation direction due to the difference in the average spacing of the neighboring two particles for the same parameters, as is usually observed in FDM with a rotated staggered grid. Next, we compared the results from the conventional Lamb’s problem using our HPM with those from an analytical approach in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the staggered particle technique. Our results showed better agreement with the analytical solutions than those from HPM without the staggered particles. We conclude that the staggered particle technique would be a method to improve the calculation accuracy in the simulation of seismic wave propagation.  相似文献   

Photometric redshift accuracy in AKARI deep surveys     

M. Negrello  S. Serjeant  C. Pearson †  T. Takagi  A. Efstathiou  T. Goto  D. Burgarella  W.-S. Jeong  M. Im  H. M. Lee  H. Matsuhara  S. Oyabu  T. Wada  G. White 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,394(1):375-397

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Formation age of the lunar crater Giordano Bruno     

Tomokatsu Morota  Junichi Haruyama  Hideaki Miyamoto  Chikatoshi Honda  Makiko Ohtake  Yasuhiro Yokota  Tsuneo Matsunaga  Naru Hirata  Hirohide Demura  Hiroshi Takeda  Yoshiko Ogawa  Jun Kimura 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2009,44(8):1115-1120

Abstract— Using the Terrain Camera onboard the Japanese lunar explorer, SELENE (Kaguya), we obtained new high‐resolution images of the 22‐kilometer‐diameter lunar crater Giordano Bruno. Based on crater size‐frequency measurements of small craters (<200 m in diameter) superposed on its continuous ejecta, the formation age of Giordano Bruno is estimated to be 1 to 10 Ma. This is constructive evidence against the crater's medieval age formation hypothesis.  相似文献   

Precise estimation of hourly global solar radiation for micrometeorological analysis by using data classification and hourly sunshine     

Yoshimitsu Masaki  Tsuneo Kuwagata  Yasushi Ishigooka 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2010,100(3-4):283-297

We have developed a method for estimating hourly global solar radiation (GSR) from hourly sunshine duration data. This procedure requires only hourly sunshine duration as the input data and utilizes hourly precipitation and daily snow cover as auxiliary data to classify time intervals into six cases according to weather conditions. To obtain hourly GSR using a simple algebraic form, a quadratic function of the solar elevation angle and the sunshine duration ratio is used. Daily GSR is given by a sum of hourly GSRs. We evaluated the performance of the newly developed method using data obtained at 67 meteorological stations and found that the estimated GSR is highly consistent with that observed. Hourly and daily root-mean-square misfits are approximately 0.2 MJ/m²/h (~55 W/m²) and 1.4 to 1.5 MJ/m²/day (~16 to 17 W/m²), respectively. Our classification of weather conditions is effective for reducing estimation errors, especially under cloudy skies. Since the sunshine duration is observed at more meteorological stations than GSR, the proposed new method is a powerful tool for obtaining solar radiation with hourly resolution and a dense geographical distribution. One of the proposed methods, GSRgrn, can be applicable to hourly GSR estimations at different observation sites by setting local parameters (the precipitable water, surface albedo, and atmospheric turbidity) suitable to the sites. The hourly GSR can be applied for various micrometeorological studies, such as the heat budget of crop fields.  相似文献   

利用ASTER数据估算2002年4月阿克苏地表特征和植被参数   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

马伟强  马耀明  胡泽勇  仲雷  李茂善  赵逸舟  王永杰  王介民 《高原气象》2008,27(3):544-550

利用ASTER卫星可见光和短波红外波段数据,估算了2002年4月12日阿克苏地区地表特征参数(地表温度T、地表反射率α)和植被参数(归一化植被指数NDVI、修正的土壤调整植被指数MSA-VI、植被覆盖度Pv和叶面积指数LAI等)。结果表明,各种植被参数在沙漠地区较小,而在绿洲中的值较大。同时本文认为ASTER遥感数据有较高的地面分辨率,利用它可以更好地反映地表的植被参数及地表特征参数状况;还指出了ASTER卫星数据在沙漠绿洲中的适用性。  相似文献   

城市地表热通量遥感反演及与土地类型的关系(英文)     

刘越  后藤真太郎  庄大方  匡文慧 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(4):699-715

Using ASTER(Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiome-ter) infrared remote sensing data we inversed the parameters of urban surface heat fluxes applying the PCACA model and theoretical position algorithm,and then we analyzed the in-fluence of different land use types on the surface heat fluxes and energy balance.In this study,Kumagaya,a city in Saitama Prefecture,Japan,was selected as the experimental area.The result shows that the PCACA model is feasible for the surface heat fluxes estimation in urban areas because this model requires less parameters in the procedure of heat fluxes estimation in urban areas with complicated surface structure and can decrease the uncertainty.And we found that different land-use types have indicated the height heterogeneity on the surface heat fluxes significantly.The magnitudes of Bowen ratio in descending order are industrial,residential,transportation,institutional,dry farmland,green space,and water body.Under the same meteorological condition,there are distinct characteristics and regional differences in Bowen ratios among different surface covers,indicating higher sensible heat flux and lower latent heat flux in the urban construction land,while lower sensible heat flux and higher latent heat flux in the vegetation-covered area,the outskirt of the urban area.The increase of urban impervious surface area caused by the urban sprawl can enlarge the sensible heat flux and the Bowen ratio,so that it causes the increasing of urban surface temperature and air tem-perature,which is the mechanism of the so-called heat island effect.  相似文献