太行山前平原非河道条件下地下调蓄功能实验研究--以滹沱河冲洪积平原为例   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张光辉费宇红  邢开刘克岩  王金哲申建梅 聂振龙 《水文》2004,24(2):15-19

摘要：通过实验研究探讨了太行山前平原地下调蓄能力,实验研究表明,在汇水坑渗、井灌和引水渠渗条件下,太行山前冲洪积平原地下调蓄功能不仅与地表积水深度、入渗时间有关,而且还与汇水总量的多少有关。单位时间渗漏量的大小与地表蓄水深度呈正相关关系。地表蓄水深度愈大,单位时间渗漏量愈大;累计渗漏量随着入渗时间的延长而增加,渗漏速率随着累计渗漏量的增加而减小。采用井灌方式进行地下调蓄的关键,是选择具有强渗透性的层位。  相似文献   

洞庭湖综合治理中根治“地质灾害”的重要性     

李定雄  左小平 《湖南地质》1999,(Z1)

本文从洞庭湖区环境地质条件入手,分析堤防失事及所存在的险工险段与地质缺陷的关系,指出地质灾害是造成防洪工程失事不可忽视的因素。在洞庭湖区综合治理过程中,应注重对地质缺陷的治理  相似文献   

江垭库区人潮溪段公路边坡破坏机制及整治措施     

刘绍军 《湖南地质》1999,(Z1)

通过实地勘察,本文分析了江垭库区人潮溪公路边坡,边坡破坏的形成条件、动态特征以及各类边坡的破坏机制,从而提出以加固临空面和采取排水防水为主的整治措施。  相似文献   

需水管理的定义与内涵          下载免费PDF全文

《水科学进展》编辑部 《水科学进展》2009,20(5):747-754

水资源是基础性的自然资源和战略性的经济资源,是生态与环境的控制性要素.中国人均占有水资源量少,不足2200m3,不足世界人均占有量的1/3.水资源时空分布极为不均,特别是在全球气候变化和大规模经济开发双重因素的交织作用下,中国水资源情势正在发生新的变化.在水资源管理理念上,要加快从供水管理向需水管理转变.为使人们对需水管理有比较全面和深刻的认识,部分专家和学者从各种角度论述了"需水管理"的定义和内涵,认为,需水管理是面向包括人类与自然在内所有用水户的水资源供需平衡的全方位而有序的管理系统工程,对各方面的需水,采取行政、经济、法律和技术等手段和措施,对水资源供需进行平衡与协调,遏制不合理用水需求,提高用水效率和效益,减少水资源短缺对人类社会的威胁,确保水资源可持续利用.简言之,需水管理意为以供定需,供需协调,人水和谐,持续利用.  相似文献   

Monitoring Glacial Shrinkage Using Remote Sensing and Site-Observation Method on Southern Slope of Kalik Mountain, Eastern Tian Shan, China     

王文彬  李开明  高建芳 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2011,(4)

Currently, one of the effective means in monitoring glacier change in regional scale is remote sensing and site-observation method. In this article, we present a study of comparing glacier area in 2005 derived from SPOT5 satellite image with area in 1972 derived from topographic maps. Moreover, Miaoergou (庙儿沟) flat-summit glacier is site observed to verify glacial change in regional scale. During the study period, glaciers located in the southern slope of Kalik (喀尔里克) Mountain re-duced their area by 12.3%. ...  相似文献   

吉林省双辽市氟中毒病区与非病区水文地球化学特征     

孙述海  迟宝明  孙亚红  熊绍礼 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,(Z1):328-332,354

双辽市氟中毒病区与非病区地下水水化学类型均处于重碳酸型水带内。病区水文地球化学作用处于元素迁移—富集的过渡阶段或元素富集阶段的初期,其水化学类型呈现由HCO3→HCO3.Cl→Cl.HCO3型水的分带性展布,地下水溶解固体浓度为0.5～2.0 mg/L;非病区则处于元素迁移阶段,其水化学类型则为单一的HCO3.Ca型水,地下水溶解固体浓度一般均低于0.5 mg/L。地方性氟中毒的分布与区域水文地球化学特征之间存在着一定的联系,此种关系虽然不可作为病因看待,但仍可当作一种环境标志加以考虑。  相似文献   

Estimating overland flow erosion capacity using unit stream power   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hui-Ming SHIH  Chih Ted YANG 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(1):46-62

Soil erosion caused by water flow is a complex problem. Both empirical and physically based approaches were used for the estimation of surface erosion rates. Their applications are mainly limited to experimental areas or laboratory studies. The maximum sediment concentration overland flow can carry is not considered in most of the existing surface erosion models. The lack of erosion capacity limitation may cause over estimations of sediment concentration. A correlation analysis is used in this study to determine significant factors that impact surface erosion capacity. The result shows that the unit stream power is the most dominant factor for overland flow erosion which is consistent with experimental data. A bounded regression formula is used to reflect the limits that sediment concentration cannot be less than zero nor greater than a maximum value. The coefficients used in the model are calibrated using published laboratory data. The computed results agree with laboratory data very well. A one dimensional overland flow diffusive wave model is used in conjunction with the developed soil erosion equation to simulate field experimental results. This study concludes that the non-linear regression method using unit stream power as the dominant factor performs well for estimating overland flow erosion capacity.  相似文献   

向海湿地沉积芯重金属对流域环境污染示踪   总被引：19，自引：5，他引：19  

王国平  刘景双  高峰 《地理科学》2001,6(6):549-553

选取霍林河下游向海沼泽湿地为研究对象，采用得力沉积芯采样钻钻孔采样与剖面切割采样相结合的方法，采集了10个沉积柱芯及剖面，以沉积物重金属元素Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Co、Pb、Fe、Mn及pH、TOC在剖面中的分布进行高分辨率研究。结晶显示，剖面上部沉积物表层沉积序列内明显富集了Fe、Mn、Zn等重金属，并与TOC含量呈显著相关，与此相反，大多数沉积柱芯下层的重金属含量相对较低。研究表明，高分辨率取样易找出元素间相关性，那些水源来自同一相对稳定外源输入的沉积柱芯中的重金属与TOC表现出更显著的相关性，越靠近河流、淹没频率直蒿，沼泽湿地表层沉积物中重金属元素含量趋向增高。  相似文献   

A 2D Mathematical Model for Sediment Transport by Waves and Tidal Currents   总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12  

陆永军左利钦  邵学军王红川 李浩麟 《中国海洋工程》2005,19(4):571-586

In this study, the combined actions of waves and tidal currents in estuarine and coastal areas are considered and a 2D mathematical model for sediment transport by waves and tidal currents has been established in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Non-equilibrium transport equations of suspended load and bed load are used in the model. The concept of background concentration is introduced, and the formula of sediment transport capacity of tidal currents for the Oujiang River estuary is obtained. The Dou Guoren formula is employed for the sediment transport capacity of waves. Sediment transport capacity in the form of mud and the intensity of back silting are calculated by use of Luo Zaosen＇ s formula. The calculated tidal stages are in good agreement with the field data, and the calculated velocities and flow directions of 46 vertical lines for 8 cross sections are also in good agreement with the measured data. On such a basis, simulations of back silting after excavation of the waterway with a sand bar under complicated boundary conditions in the navigation channel induced by suspended load, bed load and mud by waves and tidal currents are discussed.  相似文献   

Seawater Intrusion in the Longkou-Laizhou Area, Shandong     

Xue Yuqun  Xie Chunhong  Wu Jichun  Nanjing University Liu Peimin  Wang Jianji  Jiang Qingbo Office of Water Resources of Longkou City Shi Hongwen  Ning Pihai Office of Water Resources of Laizhou City Liu Linqun 《《地质学报》英文版》1993,67(1)

The extensive intrusion (covering an area of 83.7-238.3 km~2 and accounting for 18.6-31.5% of the total area of the plain), the presence of a transitional zone 1.5-6.0 km in width, and the interconnection in distribution between the seawater intrusion district and the region lower than the sea level caused by the strong drop of the groundwater level are major characteristics of the seawater intrusion in the study area. Cation exchange played an important role during the formation of chemical composition of the groundwater in the seawater intrusion district.  相似文献