需水量预测方法研究     

张成才  崔雅博  胡彩虹 《河南气象》2009,(1):1-4

需水量预测的方法有很多种,但每种方法的预测结果都具有误差。在分析了回归分析法以及灰色系统GM（1,1）法的优缺点及其适用情况后,针对其缺点提出了相应的权重方法,对两种方法的预测结果进行了加权处理,并以郑州市为例进行了实例分析,分析结果表明,处理后的结果减小了预测的误差。  相似文献   

从MODIS资料提取土壤湿度信息的主成分分析方法   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

周秉荣  李凤霞  申双和  胡玲 《应用气象学报》2009,20(1):114-118

沿袭了遥感地物分类中K-L变换思想, 以归一化处理后的遥感数据, 结合地面土壤湿度观测数据, 应用主成分分析方法, 采用MODIS不同红外波段数据, 通过相关关系计算, 在监测结果中融合MODIS具有250 m分辨率的第2波段数据, 建立了青海省多维特征空间土壤湿度监测模型。模型的建立克服了热惯量法监测干旱需多时相遥感数据的缺陷, 经初步检验, 此模型可以在一定精度范围之内监测表层土壤湿度, 具有业务应用潜力。  相似文献   

沪宁高速公路路面温度变化特征及统计模型   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

田华  吴昊  赵琳娜  陈辉  李坤玉  杨晓丹 《应用气象学报》2009,20(6):737-744

使用2006年7月-2007年6月沪宁高速公路沿线梅村和仙人山站附近的逐分钟路面温度、气温、湿度、风向、风速、降水气象资料, 分析了梅村和仙人山不同季节和不同天气状况下路面温度的日变化特征。结果表明:不同季节路面温度和气温具有明显的日变化;日出至日落时段,路面温度与气温有较大差异。在此基础上,应用逐步回归方法建立了梅村和仙人山最高和最低路面温度统计模型, 得出最低路面温度模型模拟结果与实况的变化趋势接近,误差绝对值不超过2℃, 具有很好的实际应用价值; 而最高路面温度模型在一定程度上模拟结果偏差较大,实际应用中需进行适当修订。  相似文献   

2008年11月黑龙江省3次较大降雪过程云图对比分析     

王庆余  刘玉霞  矫玲玲  胡晓径  隋心 《黑龙江气象》2009,26(3):9-11

本文针对2008年11月2日、13日和15日3次较大降雪天气过程,从卫星云图应用等方面分析了3种不同的云系在降雪过程中的演变情况,并结合700 hPa高空网进行分析.初步得出3种不同云系出现大降雪的一些特征.  相似文献   

虎林市近40a日照时数的变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张秀艳  宋玉华  朴虎 《黑龙江气象》2009,26(3):27-28,32

对近40 a虎林市日照时数的年、季和月变化特征及与总云量的关系进行了分析.结果表明:近40 a虎林市年日照时数总体呈减少趋势,其气候变化率为每10a减少42.52 h,日照时数年际变化振幅较大,日照时数存在明显的季节差异,各季日照时数年际变化减少的趋势从大到小依次为:冬季、春季、秋季、夏季;各月的日照时数均呈减少趋势,12月减少趋势较为显著,8月减少的趋势不明显.日照时数与日照百分率的年际变化基本保持一致.  相似文献   

生态补偿机制中的企业责任研究     

张平  胡明杰  张雪华  赵金锋   《气象与环境科学》2009,32(3):51-54

研究了企业在市场经济体制中的主体地位和企业承担的环境责任,通过对生态补偿的涵义和政策范围进行分析,明确了生态补偿与排污费、资源费之间的区别和联系,提出了完善企业履行生态补偿责任的政策框架、搭建企业履行生态补偿责任的职能体系及创新企业履行生态补偿责任执行形式的建议。  相似文献   

影响卢氏县的气象灾害防御措施   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

莫爱勰  马丽征  蔡涛  胡韶华  吕国华  王梅娟 《气象与环境科学》2009,32(Z1)

影响卢氏山区的气象灾害有暴雨、暴雪、寒潮、大风、高温、干旱、雷电、冰雹、大雾、道路积冰等.其中暴雨、冰雹出现频率较高,且危害最大.为防御气象灾害,气象部门应提高灾害性天气预报准确率;政府及有关单位要及时把灾害性天气预报信息通过各种渠道,及时传播至千家万户;加强防灾减灾宣传,提高民众自救能力;建立和完善灾害性天气预警应急预案.  相似文献   

Variability of ozone in the marine boundary layer of the equatorial Pacific Ocean     

Xiao-Ming Hu  Jeffrey M. Sigler  Jose D. Fuentes 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2010,66(3):117-136

This study examines the processes controlling the diurnal variability of ozone (O₃) in the marine boundary layer of the Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands (latitude 8° 43′ N, longitude 167° 44′ E), during July to September 1999. At the study site, situated in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, O₃ mixing ratios remained low, with an overall average of 9–10 parts per billion on a volume basis (ppbv) and a standard deviation of 2.5 ppbv. In the absence of convective storms, daily O₃ mixing ratios decreased after sunrise and reached minimum during the afternoon in response to photochemical reactions. The peak-to-peak amplitude of O₃ diurnal variation was approximately 1–3 ppbv. During the daytime, O₃ photolysis, hydroperoxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and bromine atoms contributed to the destruction of O₃, which explained the observed minimum O₃ levels observed in the afternoon. The entrainment of O₃-richer air from the free troposphere to the local marine boundary layer provided a recovery mechanism of surface O₃ mixing ratio with a transport rate of 0.04 to 0.2 ppbv per hour during nighttime. In the presence of convection, downward transport of O₃-richer tropospheric air increased surface O₃ mixing ratios by 3–12 ppbv. The magnitude of O₃ increase due to moist convection was lower than that observed over the continent (as high as 20–30 ppbv). Differences were ascribed to the higher O₃ levels in the continental troposphere and weaker convection over the ocean. Present results suggest that moist convection plays a role in surface-level O₃ dynamics in the tropical marine boundary layer.  相似文献   

The characteristics of ultraviolet radiation in arid and semi-arid regions of China     

Bo Hu  Yue Si Wang  Guang Ren Liu 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2010,67(2-3):141-155

Measurements of the broadband global solar radiation (R _S) and total ultraviolet radiation (the sum of UV-A and UV-B) were conducted from 2005 to 2010 at 9 sites in arid and semi-arid regions of China. These data were used to determine the temporal variability of UV and UV/R _S and their dependence on the water vapor content and clearness index. The dependence of UV/R _S on aerosol optical depth (AOD) and water vapor content was also investigated. In addition, a simple and efficient empirically model suited for all-weather conditions was developed to estimate UV from R _s. The annual average daily UV level in arid and semi-arid areas is 0.61 and 0.59 MJ m^?2 d^?1, respectively. The highest value (0.66?±?0.25 MJ m^?2 d^?1) was recorded at an arid area at Linze. The lowest value (0.53?±?0.22 MJ m^?2 d^?1) was recorded at a semi-arid area at Ansai. The highest daily value of UV radiation was measured in May, whereas the lowest value was measured in December. The monthly variation of the UV/R _s ratio ranged from 0.41 in Aksu to 0.35 in Qira. The monthly mean value of UV/R _s gradually increased from November and then decreased in August. A small decreasing trend of UV/R _s was observed in the arid and semi-arid regions due to recently increasing amounts of fine aerosol. A simple and efficient empirically model suit for all-weather condition was developed to estimate UV from R _s. The slope a and intercept b of the regression line between the estimated and measured values were close to 1 and zero, respectively. The relative error between the estimated and measured values was less than 11.5%. Application of the model to data collected from different locations in this region also resulted in reasonable estimates of UV.  相似文献   

An indicator of sand storms in the south of the Tengger Desert     

Guan Qingyu  Pan Baotian  Li Na  Li Qiong  Hu Zhenbo  Gao Hongshan  Xu Shujian  Wang Yong 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2010,102(1-2):197-203

The Shagou section contains rich information about the formation and evolution of sand storms in the windward side of of the Tengger Desert (southern Tengger Desert, east of the Hexi Corridor). By investigating the grain size classes and the standard deviation of three sample groups in the Shagou section we discover that every group has four sensitive grain size components, and each sensitive grain size component has a tendency to be finest for the palaeosol stratum, coarsest for the sand stratum, and the loess intermediate between the two. The three sample groups have differences in their grain size distributions. Both S1 (average) and L1 (average) have two peaks. L1 (sand stratum) has three peaks and an additional coarse peak (275.4-550 µm) which is consistent with the grain size distribution pattern of the modern sand storm samples in the Tengger Desert. Moreover the additional peak of the palaeo-sand stratum correspondingly the interval of the grain size is exactly consistent with one of the four sensitive grain size components. Because the sand stratum in L1 of the Shagou section was the direct result of sand storm process of the Tengger Desert, the sand group percent of 275.4-550 µm in the Shagou section could be used as a sensitive indicator of sand storm in the south of the Tengger Desert (east of Hexi Corridor).  相似文献