Factors Influencing Water Consumption in Multifamily Housing in Tempe,Arizona     

Elizabeth A. Wentz  Angela J. Wills  Won Kyung Kim  Soe W. Myint  Patricia Gober  Robert C. Balling Jr. 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):501-510

Central to the Smart Growth movement is that compact development reduces vehicle miles traveled, carbon emissions, and water use. Empirical efforts to evaluate compact development have examined residential densities but have not distinguished decreasing lot sizes from multifamily apartments as mechanisms for compact development. Efforts to link design features to water use have emphasized single-family at the expense of multifamily housing. This study isolates the determinants of water use in large (more than fifty units) apartment complexes in the city of Tempe, Arizona. In July 2007, per bedroom water use increased with pool area, dishwashers, and in-unit laundry facilities. We are able to explain nearly 50 percent of the variation in water demand with these variables. These results inform public policy for reducing water use in multifamily housing structures, suggesting strategies to construct and market “green” apartment units.  相似文献   

A Study of the Improvement of Planning Systems for Land Use Control in Agricultural Heritage Sites     

Park Yoon-Ho  Yoon Won-Keun  Gordon Dabinett 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2016,7(3):180-186

The number of GIAHS sites is increasing these days and will continue to do so gradually in East Asian countries including Korea, China and Japan. As a result, conservation of heritage sites is more and more important, especially in Korea. Dealing with issues surrounding land use conflicts are important for conservation of heritages in order to harmonize between conservation and development to prevent reckless development. This study aims to identify measures for land use management and control to allow for sustainable development around agricultural heritage system sites. The results point to the importance of public-private partnerships and local ordinance systems or comprehensive planning of land use controls for agricultural heritage system sites.  相似文献   

Development and application of a novel miniature in situ microprofiler (NAFRI BelpI)     

Jae Seong Lee  Eun-Soo Kim  Sung-Hyun Kahng  Seok-Hyun Yoon  Jin-Hyung Cho  Kyung-Soo Bahk  Dong-Jin Kang 《Ocean Science Journal》2012,47(4):489-495

We have developed a novel miniature in situ microprofiler (NAFRI BelpI) for coastal and deep-sea studies. The BelpI can carry up to three oxygen microsensors, and it allows for simultaneous replicate measurements in a relatively small area. All functions can be controlled and programmed via a small magnetic bar and three reed switches; this feature facilitates the initial setup both onboard and underwater. The large LCD window shows basic information such as the movement intervals of the linear stage, number of replicate measurements, waiting time between measurements, and the pA from the microsensors. From high-resolution vertical profiles of oxygen in coastal sediment measured using the microsensors, the diffusivity boundary layer thicknesses was determined to be in the range 0.30–0.35 mm. In addition, the time-series measurement of oxygen profiles in permeable sandy sediment showed advective transport of oxygen into pore water by tidal agitation. Two examples of in situ measurement using a BelpI suggest that it can be widely applied to the study of the sediment-water interface.  相似文献   

Comparison of primary productivity algorithms for Korean waters     

Joo-Eun Yoon  Jisoo Park  Sinjae Yoo 《Ocean Science Journal》2012,47(4):473-487

This study compares five primary productivity algorithms for Korean waters. Five algorithms are in the form of vertical generalized production models: One algorithm is for gross primary production and four are for net primary production. The five algorithms were evaluated using 117 in situ primary production datasets observed by 20 cruises from 1994 to 2011 in Korean waters (East Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and Yeosu Bay). The results show that the regionally-tuned variants give better results than the original formulation. We recommend, among the tested algorithms, YSVGPM (Yellow Sea Vertically Generalized Productivity Model) for gross primary productivity algorithm and Kameda-Ishizaka algorithm for net primary productivity algorithm for estimating primary production in Korean waters.  相似文献   

Improved water quality in response to pollution control measures at Masan Bay, Korea     

Chang WK  Ryu J  Yi Y  Lee WC  Lee CW  Kang D  Lee CH  Hong S  Nam J  Khim JS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(2):427-435

The total pollution load management system (TPLMS) was first applied in 2007 to the highly developed Masan Bay watershed, Korea. To evaluate the effect of TPLMS on water quality improvement, we analyzed the water qualities in rivers and bay during 2005-2010, targeting chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended sediment (SS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) loads. Land-based pollutant loading all decreased during this period, with a significant reduction in COD and SS loads (p<0.01). The COD reduction in seawater, following the TPLMS implementation, was also significant (p<0.01). Time-lagged responses in COD and Chl-a supported an estimated seawater residence time of ~1 month. Land-based nutrient loads were also significantly reduced for TN (p<0.01) and TP (p<0.05), however, significant reductions were not observed in the bay, indicating potential alternative nutrient inputs from non-point sources into the bay system.  相似文献   

Effects of climate change on the thermal structure of lakes in the Asian Monsoon Area   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Hye Won Lee  Eun Jung Kim  Seok Soon Park  Jung Hyun Choi 《Climatic change》2012,112(3-4):859-880

This research investigates the effect of climate change on the thermal structure of lakes in response to watershed hydrology. We applied a hydrodynamic water quality model coupled to a hydrological model with a future climate scenario projected by a GCM A2 emission scenario to the Yongdam Reservoir, South Korea. In the climate change scenario, the temperature will increase by 2.1°C and 4.2°C and the precipitation will increase by 178.4?mm and 464.4?mm by the 2050 and 2090, respectively, based on 2010. The pattern changes of precipitation and temperature increase due to climate change modify the hydrology of the watershed. The hydrological model results indicate that they increase both surface runoff itself and temperature. The reservoir model simulation with the hydrological model results showed that increasing air temperature is related to higher surface water temperature. Surface water temperature is expected to increase by about 1.2°C and 2.2°C from the 2050 and 2090, respectively, based on the 2010 results. The simulation results of the effects of climate warming on the thermal structure of the Asian Monsoon Area Lake showed consistent results with those of previous studies in terms of greater temperature increases in the epilimnion than in the hypolimnion, increased thermal stratification, and decreasing thermocline depths during the summer and fall. From this study, it was concluded that the hydrodynamic water quality model coupled to the hydrological model could successfully simulate the variability of the epilimnetic temperature, changed depth and magnitude of the thermocline and the changed duration of summer stratification.  相似文献   

Impact of estuary barrage construction on fish assemblages in the lower part of a river and the role of fishways as a passage     

Ju-Duk Yoon  Jeong-Hui Kim  Sang-Hyeon Park  Eve Kim  Min-Ho Jang 《Ocean Science Journal》2017,52(1):147-164

The construction of an estuary barrage, an instream structure in the lower reaches of a river, causes significant physical changes in water flow patterns and river morphology, and results in altered environmental conditions. Here, we examined the impact of the Geum River estuary barrage, completed in 1990, on fish assemblages by using a literature search and fresh surveys of fishways in the barrage. We found that fish assemblages upstream and downstream of the barrage were altered following its completion. After construction, more species were found in the freshwater area, with a particularly great increase in freshwater species. Conversely, estuarine and marine species were only consistently caught in the downstream salt-water area, although the number of species increased. In total, 15,829 fish from 47 species and 20 families were identified at the three types (pool and weir, rubble type, and boat passage) of fishways in the barrage. The dominant species were Chelon haematocheilus, an estuarine species, Coilia nasus, a diadromous species, and Erythroculter erythropterus, a freshwater species. The mean total length of fish (101.9 ± 76.0 mm) in the boat passage fishway was approximately 100 mm lesser than those in the pool and weir (207.2 ± 112.8 mm) and rubble type (205.8 ± 112.7 mm) fishways. The boat passage fishway was the most efficient for fish movements. The current fishway system is not sufficient for fish migration, and thus additional ways are required to improve the system such as the boat passage. Few estuarine or diadromous species were found in both freshwater and salt-water areas, but freshwater fishes that accidently moved to salt-water area actively used fishways. Therefore, fishway management in the Geum River estuary barrage has to focus on freshwater fish; however, this may need to change to a focus on migratory fishes depending on ecological life cycles of migratory fish.  相似文献   

Effect of different wavelengths of light on the antioxidant and immunity status of juvenile rock bream, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oplegnathus fasciatus</Emphasis>, exposed to thermal stress     

Jong Ryeol Choe  Yoon Sub Shin  Ji Yong Choi  Tae Hwan Kim  Min-Min Jung  Cheol Young Choi 《Ocean Science Journal》2017,52(4):501-509

We investigated the effect of light wavelengths on antioxidant and immunity parameters in juvenile rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus, exposed to thermal stress (25 and 30°C). We exposed the fish to light emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting green (520 nm) and red light (630 nm) of 0.25 and 0.5 W/m² intensity, and measured the activity, and mRNA and protein expression levels of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. We also determined the levels of plasma hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), melatonin, and lysozyme. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of caspase-3 were measured and terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were performed. We observed that mRNA expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes and plasma H₂O₂ levels were significantly higher after exposure to high temperatures. However, increases in these parameters were significantly lower after exposure to green LED light. The plasma melatonin and lysozyme levels were significantly lower in the different groups after exposure to high temperatures; however, in groups exposed to green LED light, their levels were significantly higher than those in the control group. The expression pattern of caspase-3 mRNA was similar to that of H₂O₂. The TUNEL assay showed that apoptosis was markedly higher at higher water temperatures than that at 20°C. These results indicate that high water temperatures induce oxidative stress and decrease the immunity in juvenile rock bream but green LED light inhibits the rise in oxidative stress and combats the decrease in immunity and should, thus, be useful in the culture of rock bream.  相似文献   

Modeling of marine litter drift and beaching in the Japan Sea     

Jong-Hwan Yoon  Shiro Kawano 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(3):448-463

Characteristics of drift and beaching of floating marine litter in the Japan Sea are examined numerically using the reanalysis data of the Japan Sea Forecasting System of Kyushu University. The residence time of model marine litter deployed uniformly over the surface of the Japan Sea strongly depends on the buoyancy ratio. However, almost all litter beaches or flows out through straits within 3 years. Experiments with inputs of litter imposed at large cities and the Tsushima Straits as well as river basins of the Japan Sea exhibit a good agreement with beach surveys with regard to country ratios of beached litter along the Japanese coast in cases of lighters. In a case of lighter, almost all lighters originating from Japan beach along the Japanese coast, while almost all lighters originating from a country surrounding the Japan Sea except Japan beach along the coast of that country and the Japanese coast.  相似文献   

Assessment of soil loss in South Korea based on land-cover type     

Chunhwa Jang  Yongchul Shin  Donghyuk Kum  Rogyoung Kim  Jay E. Yang  Sung Chul Kim  Sang Il Hwang  Kyoung Jae Lim  Jeong-Ki Yoon  Youn Shik Park  Younghun Jung 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2015,29(8):2127-2141

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