ISRM Suggested Method for In Situ Microseismic Monitoring of the Fracturing Process in Rock Masses     

Ya-Xun Xiao  Xia-Ting Feng  John A. Hudson  Bing-Rui Chen  Guang-Liang Feng  Jian-Po Liu 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(1):343-369

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A Novel Mogi Type True Triaxial Testing Apparatus and Its Use to Obtain Complete Stress–Strain Curves of Hard Rocks     

Xia-Ting Feng  Xiwei Zhang  R. Kong  G. Wang 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(5):1649-1662

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Mechanism of Rock Burst Occurrence in Specially Thick Coal Seam with Rock Parting     

Jian-chao Wang  Fu-xing Jiang  Xiang-jun Meng  Xu-you Wang  Si-tao Zhu  Yu Feng 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(5):1953-1965

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Rock Cracking Indices for Improved Tunnel Support Design: A Case Study for Columnar Jointed Rock Masses     

Xia-Ting Feng  Xian-Jie Hao  Quan Jiang  Shao-jun Li  John A. Hudson 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(6):2115-2130

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Phase transition of the Pacific decadal oscillation and decadal variation of the East Asian summer monsoon in the 20th century   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xiao Dong  Feng Xue 《大气科学进展》2016,33(3):330-338

This paper focuses on the relationship between the phase transition of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and decadal variation of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) in the twentieth century. The first transition occurred in the 1940s, with an enhanced SST in the North Pacific and reduced SST in the tropical eastern Pacific and South Indian Ocean. In agreement with these SST changes, a higher SLP was found in most parts of the Pacific, while a lower SLP was found in the North Pacific and most parts of the Indian Ocean. In this case, the EASM was largely enhanced with a southerly anomaly in the lower troposphere along the east coast of China. Correspondingly, there was less rainfall in the Yangtze River valley and more rainfall in northern and southern China. An opposite change was found when the PDO reversed its phase in the late 1970s. In the tropical Indian Ocean and western Pacific, however, the SST was enhanced in both the 1940s and 1970s. As a result, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) tended to extend westward with a larger magnitude in the 1970s. The major features were reasonably reproduced by an atmospheric general circulation model (IAP AGCM4.0) prescribed with observed SST and sea ice. On the other hand, the westward extension of the WPSH was exaggerated in the 1970s, while it was underestimated in the 1940s. Besides, the spatial pattern of the simulated summer rainfall in eastern China tended to shift southward compared with the observation.  相似文献   

Characteristics of the Asian–Pacific Oscillation in Boreal Summer Simulated by BCC_CSM with Different Horizontal Resolutions     

Yazhou Zhang  Zhijie Liao  Yaocun Zhang  Feng Nie 《大气科学进展》2016,33(12):1401-1412

The summer Asian–Pacific Oscillation(APO) is a major teleconnection pattern that reflects the zonal thermal contrast between East Asia and the North Pacific in the upper troposphere. The performance of Beijing Climate Center Climate System Models(BCC CSMs) with different horizontal resolutions, i.e., BCC CSM1.1 and BCC CSM1.1(m), in reproducing APO interannual variability, APO-related precipitation anomalies, and associated atmospheric circulation anomalies, is evaluated.The results show that BCC CSM1.1(m) can successfully capture the interannual variability of the summer APO index. It is also more capable in reproducing the APO's spatial pattern, compared to BCC CSM1.1, due to its higher horizontal resolution. Associated with a positive APO index, the northward-shifted and intensified South Asian high, strengthened extratropical westerly jet, and tropical easterly jet in the upper troposphere, as well as the southwesterly monsoonal flow over North Africa and the Indian Ocean in the lower troposphere, are realistically represented by BCC CSM1.1(m), leading to an improvement in reproducing the increased precipitation over tropical North Africa, South Asia, and East Asia, as well as the decreased precipitation over subtropical North Africa, Japan, and North America. In contrast, these features are less consistent with observations when simulated by BCC CSM1.1. Regression analysis further indicates that surface temperature anomalies over the North Pacific and the southern and western flanks of the Tibetan Plateau are reasonably reproduced by BCC CSM1.1(m), which contributes to the substantial improvement in the simulation of the characteristics of summer APO compared to that of BCC CSM1.1.  相似文献   

台风莫拉菲(2009)登陆前后电荷结构演变的模拟研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

徐良韬  张义军  张文娟  王飞  郑栋 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2016,74(6):1002-1016

利用中尺度起电放电模式以及卫星和闪电定位等观测资料,对比分析了台风莫拉菲（2009）在登陆前后以及衰亡阶段的电荷结构及形成。结果表明：莫拉菲在登陆前存在近海加强过程,加强中逐渐形成清晰的台风眼并伴随眼壁区闪电活动的多发。眼壁区对流在近海加强阶段呈现正的三极性电荷结构,主负电荷区位于-25℃——10℃层,其上下各有一个正电荷区。而在台风达到最大强度后呈现负的偶极性电荷结构,仅存在云中部的负电荷区和下部的正电荷区。眼壁区对流的电荷结构同台风强度变化密切相关而不受登陆直接影响。在台风发展的不同阶段,外螺旋雨带对流主要表现为正的三极性或正的偶极性电荷结构,之前的研究一般认为外雨带对流只能呈现正的偶极性电结构。外雨带三极性电结构的形成可以类似于眼壁区三极性结构的形成,也存在其他形成机制,即在霰粒子与冰晶组成的正偶极性电荷结构下存在一个由雹粒子组成的正电荷区,从而形成正的三极性电荷结构。台风衰亡阶段对流主要表现负的偶极性电荷结构,对流活动较弱,类似于陆地雷暴消散阶段的特性。不同类型的电荷结构所对应对流的相对强度也在文内进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Projected changes of rainfall seasonality and dry spells in a high greenhouse gas emissions scenario     

Salvatore Pascale  Valerio Lucarini  Xue Feng  Amilcare Porporato  Shabeh ul Hasson 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(3-4):1331-1350

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南京雷达数据的一致性分析和订正          下载免费PDF全文

朱艺青  王振会  李南  徐芬  韩静  楚志刚  张晗昀  焦鹏程 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2016,74(2):298-308

运用几何匹配法处理了南京雷达和热带测雨卫星(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission,TRMM)上搭载的测雨雷达(Precipitation Radar,PR)的反射率因子探测资料,统计分析了2008—2013年共245个时次的匹配数据。 以TRMM PR工作多年持续稳定特征为参照,揭示了南京雷达6 a的探测资料情况。结果表明,南京雷达和TRMM PR探测降水具有较强的一致性,6 a时间里南京雷达存在一定的运行不稳定情况,南京雷达0℃层以下数据存在“3段特征”:时段Ⅰ2008年1月—2010年3月,时段Ⅱ2010年3月—2013年5月,时段Ⅲ2013年5—10月。3个时段之间整体回波强度有差异,时段Ⅱ整体回波强度比时段Ⅰ、Ⅲ偏小2—3 dB;而3个时段内的回波整体保持相对的稳定,南京雷达与TRMM PR的回波强度差值随回波强度的变化呈线性关系;在中低回波值时TRMM PR比南京雷达大,在中高回波值时南京雷达比TRMM PR大。基于两种雷达回波强度值的拟合关系,对南京雷达的反射率因子进行分段线性订正,有效地改善了南京雷达的一致性:3个时段回波强度的整体差异减小到0.75 dB以内;在245个匹配时次和105894个匹配点上南京雷达和TRMM PR的反射率因子的相关系数增大,南京雷达-TRMM PR值的标准差减小。  相似文献   

Anomalous Western Pacific Subtropical High during Late Summer in Weak La Nia Years: Contrast between 1981 and 2013     

Feng Xue  Fangxing Fan 《大气科学进展》2016,33(12):1351-1360

Both 1981 and 2013 were weak La Niña years with a similar sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the tropical Pacific, yet the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) during August exhibited an opposite anomaly in the two years. A comparison indicates that, in the absence of a strong SST anomaly in the tropics, the cold advection from Eurasian high latitudes and the convection of the western Pacific warm pool play important roles in influencing the strength and position of the WPSH in August. In August 1981, the spatial pattern of 500 hPa geopotential height was characterized by a meridional circulation with a strong ridge in the Ural Mountains and a deep trough in Siberia, which provided favorable conditions for cold air invading into the lower latitudes. Accordingly, the geopotential height to the north of the WPSH was reduced by the cold advection anomaly from high latitudes, resulting in an eastward retreat of the WPSH. Moreover, an anomalous cyclonic circulation in the subtropical western Pacific, excited by enhanced warm pool convection, also contributed to the eastward retreat of the WPSH. By contrast, the influence from high latitudes was relatively weak in August 2013 due to a zonal circulation pattern over Eurasia, and the anomalous anticyclonic circulation induced by suppressed warm pool convection also facilitated the westward extension of the WPSH. Therefore, the combined effects of the high latitude and tropical circulations may contribute a persistent anomaly of the WPSH in late summer, despite the tropical SST anomaly being weak.  相似文献