Geophysical investigations of crust-scale structural model of the Qiongdongnan Basin, Northern South China Sea   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ning Qiu  Zhenfeng Wang  Hui Xie  Zhipeng Sun  Zhangwen Wang  Zhen Sun  Di Zhou 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2013,34(3-4):259-279

Rifting of the Qiongdongnan Basin was initiated in the Cenozoic above a pre-Cenozoic basement, which was overprinted by extensional tectonics and soon after the basin became part of the rifted passive continental margin of the South China Sea. We have integrated available grids of sedimentary horizons, wells, seismic reflection data, and the observed gravity field into the first crust-scale structural model of the Qiongdongnan Basin. Many characteristics of this model reflect the tectonostratigraphic history of the basin. The structure and isopach maps of the basin allow us to reconstruct the history of the basin comprising: (a) The sediments of central depression are about 10 km thicker than on the northern and southern sides; (b) The sediments in the western part of the basin are about 6 km thicker than that in the eastern part; (c) a dominant structural trend of gradually shifting depocentres from the Paleogene sequence (45–23.3 Ma) to the Neogene to Quaternary sequence (23.3 Ma–present) towards the west or southwest. The present-day configuration of the basin reveals that the Cenozoic sediments are thinner towards the east. By integrating several reflection seismic profiles, interval velocity and performing gravity modeling, we model the sub-sedimentary basement of the Qiongdongnan Basin. There are about 2–4 km thick high-velocity bodies horizontal extended for a about 40–70 km in the lower crust (v > 7.0 km/s) and most probably these are underplated to the lower stretched continental crust during the final rifting and early spreading phase. The crystalline continental crust spans from the weakly stretched domains (about 25 km thick) near the continental shelf to the extremely thinned domains (<2.8 km) in the central depression, representing the continental margin rifting process in the Qiongdongnan Basin. Our crust-scale structural model shows that the thinnest crystalline crust (<3 km) is found in the Changchang Sag located in the east of the basin, and the relatively thinner crystalline crust (<3.5 km) is in the Ledong Lingshui Sag in the west of the basin. The distribution of crustal extension factor β show that β in central depression is higher (>7.0), while that on northern and southern sides is lower (<3.0). This model can illuminate future numerical simulations, including the reconstruction of the evolutionary processes from the rifted basin to the passive margin and the evolution of the thermal field of the basin.  相似文献   

南海表层沉积硅藻的分布及其与环境因子的关系     

孙美琴  蓝东兆  付萍  陈敏  叶友权 《台湾海峡》2013,32(1):46-51

通过对取自南海62个站位的表层沉积物样品,进行了硅藻、沉积物粒度分析,查明了研究海区硅藻的种类组成及分布特点,共鉴定到硅藻56属的235个种和变种、变型.种类以热带外洋种为优势,如Azpeitia nodulifer、Roperia tesselata、Azpeitia africanus、Hemidiscus cuneiformis、Nitzschia marine 等,伴有一定量的热带—亚热带近岸种和广布种如Paralia sulcata、Thalassiosira excentrica、Cyclotella stylorum、Thalassionema nitzschioides、Thalassiothrix longissoma等.总体上,南海硅藻丰度变化呈现从陆架向陆坡至海盆递增的趋势.研究海区硅藻种类组成与临近的菲律宾海域相似程度最大,其次是东海、太平洋东北部海域.对影响南海表层沉积硅藻分布的主要因素进行了探讨,南海表层沉积硅藻主要受海底地质地貌、沉积速率、水动力条件和水文气候条件等的影响较大,硅藻的分布往往是这些因素综合作用的结果.  相似文献   

电子探针和LA-ICP-MS技术研究内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞金矿床毒砂矿物学特征     

员媛娇  范成龙  吕喜平  史哲锋  窦智慧  王义天  王梦琦  叶会寿 《岩矿测试》2022,(2):211-225

毒砂的主微量元素组成可以用于判断元素的赋存状态,探讨元素在不同阶段的活化迁移行为.内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞金矿床是产自白云鄂博群黑色岩系中的一个超大型金矿,发育重要载金矿物毒砂和斜方砷铁矿.前人利用传统粉末溶样法对矿石进行同位素分析,探讨了成矿物质来源,但金的迁移富集机制尚未获得解决.为探讨该矿床金迁移富集过程,本文在矿相学的...  相似文献   

基于GRACE卫星测量得到的中国及其周边地区陆地水量变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶叔华  苏晓莉  平劲松  黄倩 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(5):1580-1586

GRACE卫星成功开辟了空间大地测量对地观测的新途径。利用GRACE卫星得到的时变地球重力资料,分析估计了中国及其周边地区陆地水量的变化趋势,较为清晰地揭示了该地区季节性变化特征。进一步采用13点滑动平均的方法扣除了季节性变化,提取了4个特征区域(喜马拉雅南部,新疆与西藏及其周边的亚洲高山区域,中国华北、东北地区和中国南部地区)的陆地水量变化特征信息,这4个区域陆地水量的变化趋势分别为-12.7±0.7、-60.4±2.7、-12.5±0.5和6.6±0.9 km³/a。其中：喜马拉雅南部和亚洲高山区域陆地水量呈现明显的衰减趋势,与Matsuo和Heki模拟冰川质量损失源得到的结果较为一致;但近10年来亚洲高山区域西北部冰川加速融化趋势并不明显。中国华北、东北地区和南部地区水量变化比较复杂,具不稳定的变化趋势。  相似文献   

徐州地区新元古界赵圩组风暴沉积特征分析     

陆鹿  李壮福  叶嗣暄  康鹏  张新 《高校地质学报》2013,19(3):520-528

徐州地区新元古界赵圩组地层在赵圩村出露良好,整体为一套碳酸盐岩沉积,岩性组合可划分为4 段：鲕粒灰岩段、 风暴事件沉积段、叠层石段和白云岩段,其中叠层石段又划分为A 和B两个单元。剖面内部发育大量风暴沉积记录,并与 正常沉积在垂向上互层叠置,整体具有向上频率变弱、规模变小的趋势。典型的风暴沉积标志包括丘状交错层理、粒序层理、 冲刷- 充填构造、冲刷切削构造、砾屑灰岩层、生物礁丘截切现象等。文中划分出4 种风暴沉积序列类型,说明每种序列类 型指示的古地理和古环境意义,以及在剖面上的分布组合特征。依据剖面岩性与风暴沉积的分布组合规律,认为赵圩组由 下至上构成一个总体向上变深,而后又变浅的沉积序列,沉积环境演化依次为浅滩-近岸浅水潮下带-碳酸盐岩开阔台地- 碳酸盐岩局限台地-深水斜坡-潮坪、泻湖,气候总体炎热干旱。风暴频发可能与沉积期本区所处的较低的古纬度有关。  相似文献   

共散射点道集与角道集串级优化叠前偏移速度分析     

秦宁  李振春  杨晓东  张凯  王俊 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(2):623-631

推导了基于角度域共成像点道集的叠前深度偏移层析速度分析公式,提出一种共散射点（CSP）道集与角道集串级优化叠前偏移的速度分析方法。该方法通过基于CSP道集的叠前时间偏移速度分析获取初始速度,利用基于角度域共成像点道集（ADCIGs）的叠前深度偏移速度分析进行速度更新。实现步骤概括为：将叠前地震数据映射为CSP道集,利用CSP道集叠加速度谱拾取能量团获取均方根（RMS）速度场;通过Dix公式将RMS速度转换为层速度作为层析的初始输入速度,基于ADCIGs实现叠前深度偏移层析速度反演,最终得到高精度的叠前偏移速度场。断层模型和实际资料试算结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。  相似文献   

杭州湾浅层粉土动力特性研究     

刘瑞民  叶银灿  陈小玲 《海洋学研究》2013,31(3):49-54

选用杭州湾广泛分布的浅层粉土为研究对象,进行了一系列动三轴加载试验,研究了结构性、加载频率及动应力对杭州湾海底浅层粉土动应变、临界循环应力比和动强度的影响。试验结果表明,同一加载条件下,重塑样比原状样在更小振次内达到破坏,原状样动强度大于重塑样;结构性是影响土样动强度的重要因素,结构性对土样强度的影响随着动应力的增大而增强,随着频率的增大而减弱;加载频率的变化也对试样动力特性有较大影响,随着频率的增大,试样达到破坏所需振次加大,试样临界循环应力比也随之增大。  相似文献   

寒区典型下垫面冻土水热过程对比研究(Ⅰ)：模型对比     

阳勇  陈仁升  叶柏生  宋耀选  刘俊峰  韩春坛  刘章文 《冰川冻土》2013,35(6):1545-1554

冻土水热传输和水热耦合过程是寒区水循环的核心环节和重要组成部分,土壤温度和湿度(含水量)的观测和模拟是冻土水热过程分析的基础. 以中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所黑河上游生态-水文试验研究站葫芦沟试验小流域为依托,选取季节冻土区的高寒草原、高寒草甸和多年冻土区的沼泽化草甸、高山寒漠等4种典型寒区下垫面,分别布设自动气象站,并调查相关土壤和植被参数,利用SHAW和CoupModel模型对试验点的土壤水热条件进行模拟计算.结果表明：4个试验点多层土壤含水量和地温SHAW模型计算值与实测值对比平均相关系数R²分别为0.65和0.90;CoupModel模型计算值与实测值对比平均R²为0.72和0.93. 总体上,地温的模型估算结果略好于含水量;相对于SHAW模型,CoupModel模型是更适合寒区各种下垫面的一维SVATs模型.  相似文献   

日光温室电暖风机加温效果评估与经济投入分析          下载免费PDF全文

李宁  黎贞发  申双和  李春  刘淑梅  于红 《气象与环境学报》2013,29(4):100-105

日光温室加温是改善冬季日光温室作物生长温度环境的主要措施之一。选择典型节能型日光温室,利用暖风机加温试验研究加温方式作用下温室内温度时间、空间变化以及在极端天气条件下和不同外界温度条件下的加温效果,并进行经济投入分析。结果表明：电暖风机加温后温室内温度明显提高且温度分布较均匀,平均温度较对照温室高4.23 ℃,其中平均最低温度提升效果最明显;低温天气时,平均温度比对照温室温度高4.24 ℃;寡照天气时,平均温度比对照温室温度高4.48 ℃。暖风机在外界温度-12 ~-4 ℃时对温室进行加温的效果最佳。通过对几种传统的温室加温方式经济投入的分析表明,电暖风机是一种投资小,耗能低,经济效益相对较高的加温方式。  相似文献   

Focal Mechanism Solutions of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake sequence from P-wave polarities and SH/P amplitude ratios: new results and implications     

Yuan Tian  Jieyuan Ning  Chunquan Yu  Chen Cai  Kai Tao 《地震科学（英文版）》2013,26(6):357-372

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, a major intraplate earthquake with M _w 7.9, occurred on the slowly deforming Longmenshan fault. To better understand the causes of this devastating earthquake, we need knowledge of the regional stress field and the underlying geodynamic processes. Here, we determine focal mechanism solutions (FMSs) of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake sequence (WES) using both P-wave first-motion polarity data and SH/P amplitude ratio (AR) data. As P-wave polarities are more reliable information, they are given priority over SH/P AR, the latter of which are used only when the former has loose constraint on the FMSs. We collect data from three categories: (1) permanent stations deployed by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA); (2) the Western Sichuan Passive Seismic Array (WSPSA) deployed by Institute of Geology, CEA; (3) global stations from Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology. Finally, 129 events with magnitude over M _s 4.0 in the 2008 WES are identified to have well-constrained FMSs. Among them, 83 are well constrained by P-wave polarities only as shown by Cai et al. (Earthq Sci 24(1):115–125, 2011), and the rest of which are newly constrained by incorporating SH/P AR. Based on the spatial distribution and FMSs of the WES, we draw following conclusions: (1) the principle compressional directions of most FMSs of the WES are subhorizontal, generally in agreement with the conclusion given by Cai et al. (2011) but with a few modifications that the compressional directions are WNW–ESE around Wenchuan and ENE–WSW around Qingchuan, respectively. The subhorizontal compressional direction along the Longmenshan fault from SW to NE seems to have a left-lateral rotation, which agrees well with regional stress field inverted by former researchers (e.g., Xu et al., Acta Seismol Sin 30(5), 1987; Acta Geophys Sin 32(6), 1989; Cui et al., Seismol Geol 27(2):234–242, 2005); (2) the FMSs of the events not only reflected the regional stress state of the Longmenshan region, but also were obviously controlled by the faults to some extent, which was pointed out by Cai et al. (2011) and Yi et al. (Chin J Geophys 55(4):1213–1227, 2012); (3) while the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and some of its strong aftershocks released most of the elastic energy accumulated on the Longmenshan fault, some other aftershocks seem to occur just for releasing the elastic energy promptly created by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and some of its strong aftershocks. (4) Our results further suggest that the Longmenshan fault from Wenchuan to Beichuan was nearly fully destroyed by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and accordingly propose that there is less probability for great earthquakes in the middle part of the Longmenshan fault in the near future, although there might be a barrier to the southwest of Wenchuan and it is needed to pay some attention on it in the near future.  相似文献