Field experiments and numerical simulations of whirlpool foundation pit dewatering     

Jianxiu Wang  Tianrong Huang  Jian Hu  Lingao Wu  Guo Li  Ping Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(7):3245-3257

A whirlpool foundation pit is a small-diameter, deep circular pit. Because of its depth and small diameter, a large drawdown is required, and a limited number of wells can be installed inside the pit. During excavation, partially penetrating wells inside and outside the foundation pit have to be installed to lower the water level when the aquifer is too thick. However, partially penetrating wells near partially penetrating curtains cannot be treated by analytical methods. Therefore, it is necessary to use numerical methods to predict dewatering during excavation. Field experiments were performed on whirlpool foundation pit 1880 of Baosteel Group, Shanghai, China, to obtain pumping rates and drawdown, pumping with a single well and two wells in the confined aquifer. The results indicate that the drawdown inside the pit induced by pumping wells outside the foundation pit was small, whereas it was large for pumping wells inside the pit. The pumping wells inside and outside the pit had to be combined to lower the water level. A three-dimensional numerical model was developed to simulate the dewatering process. The hydraulic conductivities of the confined aquifers were inversed by using the pumping tests. Operation schedules were simulated with the corrected model for different combinations of wells inside and outside the pit. The results suggest that different schedules and operation conditions affect drawdown. The monitored results during dewatering indicate that the simulation and field measurements were in agreement. The results can be applied to similar situations.  相似文献   

Experimental investigation on shear strength and permeability of a deeply dewatered sewage sludge for use in landfill covers     

Ping Chen  Liangtong Zhan  Ward Wilson 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(10):4593-4602

This paper presents an experimental study on a deeply dewatered sewage sludge produced by using a new technique of membrane filter press. The experiments involve measurements of sludge composition, basic physical properties, shear strength, water permeability, and leaching toxicity. The measurements of shear strength and permeability were also performed on the sludge specimens soaked in a low acid leachate or distilled water for 1 and 2 months. This is to investigate the influence of chemical change in pore fluid as a result of rainfall infiltration or leachate seepage at landfills. Comparison tests were also carried out on silty clay that is commonly used for landfill cover material. The experimental results show that the deeply dewatered sludge contains 66 % organic content and 85 % water content (dry mass basis). The undrained shear strength of the sludge is >25 kPa even after 2-month soaking in the leachate and distilled water, meeting the requirement of the Chinese standard [CJ/T249-2007, Disposal of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant: sludge quality for co-landfilling. Ministry of Building and Construction, P.R. China (in Chinese), 2007]. The measured cohesion and friction angle for the sludge are >20 kPa and 22.3°, respectively. The soaking of sludge specimens in either leachate or distilled water resulted in an increase in frictional angle by several degrees. The water permeability for the sludge ranges from 0.68 × 10^?8 to 1.3 × 10^?8 cm/s, and permeability after 2-month soaking is less than the minimum requirement for the barrier layer of landfill covers (i.e., 1.0 × 10^?7 cm/s). The concentrations of heavy metals leaching from the dewatered sludge are lower than the limit values of leaching toxicity for the wastewater discharge standard of China. The experimental results indicate that deeply dewatered sludge can be used as an alternative material for the barrier layer of landfill covers.  相似文献   

中国地热研究的进展与展望(1995～2014)          下载免费PDF全文

庞忠和  黄少鹏  胡圣标  赵平  何丽娟 《地质科学》2014,(3):719-727

地热是主要地球物理场之一,地热能是地球的本土能源。李四光在20世纪60年代开创了我国地热科学。到90年代,学科体系基本建立。在过去20年里,我国地热研究得到了进一步深化和拓展。本文从大地热流、岩石圈热结构、地热系统、油气盆地地热、矿山地热、天然气水合物以及气候变化等方面回顾地热研究代表性的创新进展,并对深层地热、海洋地热、环境地热等研究方向作了展望。本文认为,过去20年我国地热研究成果丰硕,国际影响力得到提高,未来发展势头强劲。在经历了由浅入深,从今到古的成长之后,地热研究还将不断拓展领域,为我国地球科学,特别是能源与环境安全做出更大贡献。  相似文献   

Hazardous geology zoning and influence factors in the near-shore shallow strata and seabed surface of the modern Yellow River Delta,China     

Li Ping  Li Pei-Ying  Du Jun 《Natural Hazards》2014,73(3):2107-2126

In this study, on the basis of 3,200 km shallow stratigraphic section and side-scan sonar data of the coastal area of the Yellow River Delta, we delineated and interpreted a total of seven types of typical hazardous geologies, including the hazardous geology in the shallow strata (buried ancient channel and strata disturbance) and hazardous geology in the seabed surface strata (pit, erosive residual body, sand patch, sand wave and scour channel). We selected eight parameters representing the development scale of the hazardous geology as the zoning indexes, including the number of hazardous geology types, pit depth, height of erosive residual body, length of scour channel, area of sand patch, length of sand wave, width of the buried ancient channel and depth of strata disturbance, and implemented the grid processing of the research area to calculate the arithmetic sum of the zoning indexes of each unit grid one by one. We then adopted the clustering analysis method to divide the near-shore waters of the Yellow River Delta into five hazardous geology areas, namely the serious erosion disaster area controlled by Diaokou lobe waves, hazardous geology area of multi-disasters under the combined action of the Shenxiangou lobe river wave flow, accumulation type hazardous geology area controlled by the current estuary river, hazardous geology area of single disaster in the deep water area and potential hazardous geology area of the Chengdao Oilfield. All four of the main factors affecting the development of hazardous geology, namely the diffusion and movement of sediment flux of the Yellow River water entering the sea, seabed stability, bottom sediment type and distribution, as well as the marine hydrodynamic characteristics, show significant regional differentiation characteristics and laws. These characteristics and laws are consistent with the above-mentioned zoning results, in which the distribution, scale and genetic mechanism of hazardous geology are considered comprehensively. This indicates that the hazardous geology zoning based on the cluster analysis is a new attempt in research regarding the hazardous geology zoning of the near-shore waters of the modern Yellow River Delta and that this type of zoning has a high level of reasonability.  相似文献   

黑龙江省春季浅层(0～20cm)地温变化特征及预报   总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5  

李帅  王萍  陈莉  姜丽霞  王晾晾  宫丽娟 《冰川冻土》2014,36(1):55-62

利用1981-2012年黑龙江省74个气象观测站的气温、0 cm、10 cm、20 cm地温春季(3-5月)逐日资料,分析了黑龙江省春季浅层地温、气温变化特征.结果表明:0 cm地温年际间波动大,全省平均1987年最低,2008年最高;全省变化存在明显的空间一致性;尽管气候变暖使1990年代以后春季0 cm地温偏低年出现相对减少,但是出现春季浅层地温偏低的年份比例仍超过三分之一,并具有南部、北部反向变化的特征,2005年以后南北差异有减小的趋势.各地3月份开始解冻,主要农区10 cm地温稳定通过6℃的日期主要集中在4月中下旬.以10 cm地温为预报量,利用黑龙江省逐日气温、20 cm地温资料建立春季浅层地温预报模型,回代和2013年预报检验平均绝对误差平均为1.05℃,绝对误差最大值为1.9℃,4月份的预报结果要好于3、5月,可以应用于业务指导.  相似文献   

Geo-stress Fields Simulated with 3D FEM and Their Qualitative Influence on Coal and Gas Outburst     

Ping Xu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(2):337-344

Coal and gas outbursts took place about thirty times at one coal mine in China, which not only caused safety problems but also hindered the regular production in different degree. In-situ geo-stresses of two points are successfully measured near coal and gas outburst locations, and the measured maximum principal stress is approximately at the horizontal direction, while the minimum principal stress is at the vertical direction. A three-dimensional model is built with FEM software of ANSYS, the measured geo-stress are taken as boundary pressures to be applied on the FEM model, and the geo-stress fields in the coal seam are calculated. In the end, the qualitative influence of the maximum principal geo-stress on coal and gas outburst is analyzed based on the relationship between geo-stress and number of coal and gas outburst.  相似文献   

敦煌地块南缘石炭纪埃达克岩的发现及其地质意义   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  

朱涛  王洪亮  徐学义  陈隽璐  马中平  李智佩  朱小辉  李平 《岩石学报》2014,30(2):491-502

侵位于敦煌杂岩中的青石沟黑云母石英闪长岩,锆石LA ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年研究结果表明其形成年龄为335±2Ma。岩石地球化学分析显示其具有高SiO2、高Al2O3和低MgO的主量元素地球化学特征,强烈富集Sr、亏损Yb和Y,具有较高的Sr/Y比值等特征,与埃达克质岩石具有一致的地球化学特征。青石沟黑云母石英闪长岩的Nd和Hf同位素值(εNd(t)=-9.39~-11.03,εHf(t)=-7.6~-16.6)显示其具有明显的壳源特征;Nd及Hf模式年龄值(Nd模式年龄t DM=1.83~1.98Ga,Hf二阶段模式年龄t DM2=1.53~1.95Ga)均表明其源区可能与元古代敦煌杂岩相关;结合较高的Mg#,低Cr和Ni含量,无Eu异常等特征,暗示该岩体为加厚下地壳部分熔融的产物。综合区域地质特征,初步认为敦煌地区早石炭世处于由陆陆俯冲(地壳加厚)作用向陆内伸展体制转化的构造环境。  相似文献   

西准噶尔早泥盆世马拉苏组火山岩岩石成因研究     

李平  王洪亮  徐学义  陈隽璐  过磊  奚仁刚 《岩石学报》2014,30(12):3553-3568

新疆西准噶尔北部地区的早泥盆世马拉苏组出露有少量富钠低钾的拉斑质中基性熔岩,这些分布于谢米斯台断裂北侧的玄武安山岩和玄武岩多呈夹层状断续产出于火山碎屑岩之中。马拉苏中基性熔岩的Mg#与主、微量元素协变关系及Th-Th/Nd图反映了其并非同源岩浆演化的结果。马拉苏火山岩中的玄武安山岩富集LILE、亏损HFSE,具有较高的Th含量及较低的Hf/Th和(Nb/Th)PM比值,显示出弧火山岩的地球化学特征。其中的玄武岩则具有略为平坦的稀土元素分配样式,较低的Th含量及较高的Hf/Th和(Nb/Th)PM比值,此同MORB地球化学特征极为相似;虽然其也显示有轻微的LILE富集、HFSE亏损,但是较高的La/Nb比值则暗示这同地壳或俯冲物质组分的卷入有关,且一系列构造环境判别图解也进一步印证了马拉苏组内的玄武岩应属似MORB基性熔岩。此外,两类岩石的高场强元素比值Zr/Nb、Hf/Ta同全球平均大洋中脊玄武岩的相应比值极为接近,反映了马拉苏组中基性火山岩的物质源区主体均为MORB地幔物质源区。La/Yb-Gd/Yb原始地幔标准化比值的模拟计算进一步显示了马拉苏组玄武安山岩与受改造(俯冲沉积物或地壳物质的混染)的石榴子石或尖晶石-石榴子石地幔橄榄岩物质源区的部分熔融作用有关,而似MORB型玄武岩则源自尖晶石地幔橄榄岩源区的部分熔融。结合区内同期的蛇绿岩、火山岩和碱性花岗岩的地球化学研究,我们可以进一步推断此类兼具有似MORB和弧火山岩地球化学特征的早泥盆世马拉苏火山岩应当是西准噶尔地块北部在早古生代受后期俯冲作用影响下经历弧后扩张形成的火山-岩浆地质记录。  相似文献   

麻江古油藏油源识别与油气运聚分析：来自油气地球化学的证据   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

杨平  汪正江  印峰 刘家洪  林家善  张娣  黄学平 《中国地质》2014,41(3):982-994

充分考虑热演化过程中烃源岩干酪根、族组分、固体沥青及正构烷烃碳同位素相互关系及变化规律,通过地球化学分析并结合前人碳同位素及芳烃标志物研究进行综合分析,结果表明古油藏各区域储层早期均存在下寒武统黑色泥岩来源,后期来源有较大差别,麻江古背斜以南各地沥青均不同程度与中寒武统都柳江组有关,北凯里液态原油及油苗为五峰组及龙马溪组印支期成藏产物,其保存环境为储层早期成岩过程中形成的独立封闭系统。在油源识别的基础上,结合构造地质背景、油气成藏条件及流体活动规律分析,认为黔南坳陷及邻区下寒武统、都柳江组、五峰组及龙马溪组烃源岩的分布控制了该区油气富集规律,黔南海西期断裂系统与加里东运动形成的不整合面构成不同期次油气运聚的输导系统,海西期形成的一系列正断裂是麻江古油藏成藏的关键。  相似文献   

中国锰矿资源潜力分析及成矿预测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

阴江宁  肖克炎 《中国地质》2014,41(5):1424-1437

锰矿是目前中国紧缺矿产,依据全国矿产资源潜力评价数据和成果,对全国锰矿资源进行了现状分析和潜力预测。中国锰矿形成的主要大地构造部位包括:"1大陆边缘浅海;2台内裂陷带(如华北地台之燕辽沉降带);3造山带中裂陷海槽等。中国锰矿以泛扬子周边地区最为发育,桂西南、湘黔渝为主要富集区。中国锰矿床的古地理展布表明,具有重大工业价值的锰矿床均形成于海相环境中,并主要为碳酸锰矿床。今后具有找矿潜力的锰矿类型主要有:海相沉积型和风化壳型,另外,海相火山岩型和陆相沉积型也有一定的潜力。依据大地构造背景与成锰盆地性质之间的关系,将中国锰矿划分为10个Ⅲ级成矿带,14个成矿远景区,对其主要含锰层位、成矿特征、主攻类型、资源潜力进行了分析,提出了重点找矿部署区建议,可为国家锰矿找矿突破提供支持。  相似文献