全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3419篇 |
免费 | 242篇 |
国内免费 | 314篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 164篇 |
大气科学 | 601篇 |
地球物理 | 750篇 |
地质学 | 1080篇 |
海洋学 | 772篇 |
天文学 | 260篇 |
综合类 | 146篇 |
自然地理 | 202篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 25篇 |
2022年 | 52篇 |
2021年 | 81篇 |
2020年 | 69篇 |
2019年 | 78篇 |
2018年 | 165篇 |
2017年 | 157篇 |
2016年 | 202篇 |
2015年 | 131篇 |
2014年 | 211篇 |
2013年 | 264篇 |
2012年 | 148篇 |
2011年 | 204篇 |
2010年 | 202篇 |
2009年 | 198篇 |
2008年 | 178篇 |
2007年 | 179篇 |
2006年 | 151篇 |
2005年 | 139篇 |
2004年 | 148篇 |
2003年 | 111篇 |
2002年 | 121篇 |
2001年 | 136篇 |
2000年 | 80篇 |
1999年 | 86篇 |
1998年 | 58篇 |
1997年 | 50篇 |
1996年 | 47篇 |
1995年 | 43篇 |
1994年 | 44篇 |
1993年 | 30篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 29篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3975条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
981.
982.
Simple monitoring method for precaution of landslides watching tilting and water contents on slopes surface 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Taro Uchimura Ikuo Towhata Trinh Thi Lan Anh Jou Fukuda Carlos J. B. Bautista Lin Wang Ichiro Seko Taro Uchida Akira Matsuoka Yosuke Ito Yuichi Onda Sho Iwagami Min-Seok Kim Naoki Sakai 《Landslides》2010,7(3):351-357
A low-cost and simple monitoring method for early warning of landslides is proposed. To detect abnormal deformation of a slope, this method employs a tilt sensor in place of an extensometer on the slope surface. In order to examine the relevance of measuring rotation angle on a slope surface by tilt sensor, model tests were conducted, and rotation on the slope surface was observed together with slide displacement along the surface. The rotation data responded 30 min before failure in a model test, which could be useful as a signal for early warning. However, the behavior of rotation before failure varies from case to case, and thus, criteria to issue warning should be defined more carefully. For a model slope made of uniform loose sand, measurement of slide displacement along the slope surface is sensitive to failure at the toe, while the measurement of rotation on the slope surface is useful to detect the development of progressive failure upward along the slope. Wireless sensor units with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) tilt sensor and volumetric water content sensor were also examined on a real slope in Kobe City, and a long-term monitoring was attempted. A simple but possible way to define the criteria of judgment to issue warning can be proposed based on combination of data obtained by the tilt sensors and volumetric water content sensors. 相似文献
983.
Fang Zhang Tao Wang Xian Xue Bangshuai Han Fei Peng Quangang You 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(2):349-358
Assessing the global C budget requires a better understanding of the effect of environmental factors on soil CO2 efflux from both experiments and theoretical research, especially in different desertified lands in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.
Based on the enclosed chamber method, soil CO2 efflux in four different desertified lands and one control [alpine meadow (AM)] were measured in June, August and September,
2008, respectively. Soil CO2 efflux rates at the top, the middle, the bottom of a slope and the flat in front of the slope were obtained at Maduo County.
The results showed that average daily soil CO2 efflux rates were 3.72, 2.65, 2.68, 0.59 and 0.37 g m−2 day−1 in the AM, lightly (LDL), moderately (MDL), severely (SDL) and very severely desertified lands (VSDL) during the growing
season, respectively. Soil CO2 efflux decreased with the change of desertification. The response of soil CO2 efflux to environmental factors was adequately described by the linear model; models accounted for 76, 65, 72, 59 and 71%
of the variability on soil CO2 efflux in the AM, LDL, MDL, SDL and VSDL, respectively. Any environmental factor, however, was insufficient to explain the
soil CO2 efflux; the common influence could perfectly reflect soil CO2 efflux response to the desertification change. 相似文献
984.
Anabela Carvalho Mike D. Flannigan Kim A. Logan Lynn M. Gowman Ana Isabel Miranda Carlos Borrego 《Climatic change》2010,98(1-2):177-197
In this study, we investigated the impact of future climate change on fire activity in 12 districts across Portugal. Using historical relationships and the HIRHAM (High Resolution Hamburg Model) 12 and 25 km climate simulations, we assessed the fire weather and subsequent fire activity under a 2 × CO2 scenario. We found that the fire activity prediction was not affected by the spatial resolution of the climate model used (12 vs. 25 km). Future area burned is predicted to increase 478% for Portugal as a whole, which equates to an increase from 1.4% to 7.8% of the available burnable area burning annually. Fire occurrence will also see a dramatic increase (279%) for all of Portugal. There is significant spatial variation within these results; the north and central districts of the country generally will see larger increases in fire activity. 相似文献
985.
利用ArcGIS地理信息软件平台和计算机服务器硬件平台,结合当地人工影响天气业务的实际需求,研制完成了集省、市、县三级作业为一体、基于WebGIS技术的人工增雨指挥系统,实现了人工增雨作业指挥业务化。该系统充分利用了计算机网络、数据库、空地无线传输、GPS、GIS、手机短信等新技术并集成了雷达、卫星、自动站雨量、干旱指数、数值预报等气象产品,利用IE浏览器即可实现实时指挥飞机、地面增雨作业,着重对人工增雨作业指挥系统的设计思路、系统构成、软件功能及数据库设计等内容进行介绍。 相似文献
986.
四川省自动与人工气压观测值差异对比 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
应用四川省135个台站在自动站与人工站平行观测期间的对比观测数据,对两种不同的资料进行了对比分析。结果表明:自动站与人工站的日气压差值不满足正态分布,人工观测比自动观测平均偏高0.35 hPa,标准差为0.48 hPa。自动站与人工站的相关性较好,相关系数为0.99,大约3/4的对比观测台站的人工站气压观测值大于自动站气压观测值。自动站与人工站气压观测值的月平均差异在上半年逐步增大,6月达到最大,下半年开始逐步减小。2004年的自动与人工气压观测数据年平均值差异最小,2006年数据据差异最大。 相似文献
987.
Yongkang Xue Fernando De Sales W. K.-M. Lau Aaron Boone Jinming Feng Paul Dirmeyer Zhichang Guo Kyu-Myong Kim Akio Kitoh Vadlamani Kumar Isabelle Poccard-Leclercq Natalie Mahowald Wilfran Moufouma-Okia Phillip Pegion David P. Rowell Jae Schemm Siegfried D. Schubert Andrea Sealy Wassila M. Thiaw Augustin Vintzileos Steven F. Williams Man-Li C. Wu 《Climate Dynamics》2010,35(1):3-27
This paper briefly presents the West African Monsoon (WAM) Modeling and Evaluation Project (WAMME) and evaluates WAMME general circulation models’ (GCM) performances in simulating variability of WAM precipitation, surface temperature, and major circulation features at seasonal and intraseasonal scales in the first WAMME experiment. The analyses indicate that models with specified sea surface temperature generally have reasonable simulations of the pattern of spatial distribution of WAM seasonal mean precipitation and surface temperature as well as the averaged zonal wind in latitude-height cross-section and low level circulation. But there are large differences among models in simulating spatial correlation, intensity, and variance of precipitation compared with observations. Furthermore, the majority of models fail to produce proper intensities of the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and the tropical easterly jet. AMMA Land Surface Model Intercomparison Project (ALMIP) data are used to analyze the association between simulated surface processes and the WAM and to investigate the WAM mechanism. It has been identified that the spatial distributions of surface sensible heat flux, surface temperature, and moisture convergence are closely associated with the simulated spatial distribution of precipitation; while surface latent heat flux is closely associated with the AEJ and contributes to divergence in AEJ simulation. Common empirical orthogonal functions (CEOF) analysis is applied to characterize the WAM precipitation evolution and has identified a major WAM precipitation mode and two temperature modes (Sahara mode and Sahel mode). Results indicate that the WAMME models produce reasonable temporal evolutions of major CEOF modes but have deficiencies/uncertainties in producing variances explained by major modes. Furthermore, the CEOF analysis shows that WAM precipitation evolution is closely related to the enhanced Sahara mode and the weakened Sahel mode, supporting the evidence revealed in the analysis using ALMIP data. An analysis of variability of CEOF modes suggests that the Sahara mode leads the WAM evolution, and divergence in simulating this mode contributes to discrepancies in the precipitation simulation. 相似文献
988.
High-resolution streamflow trend analysis applicable to annual decision calendars: a western United States case study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Changes in the seasonality of streamflow in the western United States have important implications for water resources management and the wellbeing of coupled human-natural systems. An assessment of changes in the timing and magnitude of streamflow resolved at fine time scales (days to weeks and seasons) is highly relevant to adaptive management strategies that are responsive to changing hydrologic baselines. In this paper, we present a regional analysis of the changes in streamflow seasonality through a broad classification of streams and quantification of increases and decreases in flow, based on a quantile regression methodology. This analysis affords a useful research product to examine the diversity of trends across seasons for individual streams. The trend analysis methodology can identify windows of change, thus revealing vulnerabilities within decision calendars and species lifecycles, an important consideration for adaptation and mitigation efforts. 相似文献
989.
Healthy sporophytes of two gametophyte mutants of Laminaria japonica with different heat resistances: kelp 901 (901, with comparatively stronger heat-resistance) and Rongcheng No.1 (RC, sensi- tive to heat stress), were respectively collected during October to December 2002 from Yantai and Rong- cheng Sea Farm in the Shandong Peninsula of China. The contents of some biochemical materials and antioxidant capacity were analyzed under controlled laboratory conditions to identify if there is any rela- tion between the overall antioxidant capacity and the heat-resistance in L. japonica and to understand possible mechanism of heat-resistance. Results show that: (1) the overall antioxidant capacity in healthy sporophyte of 901, such as vitamin E, polyphenol, and ascorbic acid contents and the enzymatic activity of SOD, POD, CAT, Gpx, PPO, and PAL, were not always higher than that of RC under controlled labo- ratory conditions, and no significance (P>0.05) was shown in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in 901 and RC. Result suggested that the difference in antioxidant capacity was not a decisive factor for different heat-resistances in L. japonica; (2) the simultaneous assay on isozymes was carried out using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Considerable differences in peroxide (PRX), malate dehy- drogenase (MDH), malic enzyme (ME), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were obtained in 901 and RC from either the band number, relative mobility (Rf), or staining intensity, and ME could be used as an indicator to distinguish healthy sporophyte of 901 and RC under controlled labo- ratory conditions. 相似文献
990.
Scanning and transmission electron microscopic analyses of shale samples from offshore Louisiana, USA, Gulf of Mexico, reveal the relationship between mineralogical and microfabric changes during burial diagenesis. The local geopressured zone begins at 2200-m depth. Above that depth the shales are smectite-rich, generally lack particle orientation, and contain appreciable pores. Below the 2200-m depth, the shales become more illite-rich with increasing burial, more crystalline, and less porous. Microfabric changes are mainly caused by compaction during burial diagenesis; mineralogical changes (smectite-to-illite) and crystal growth also play an important role in fabric alteration during deep burial diagenesis. 相似文献