秦岭地区气溶胶对地形云降水的抑制作用   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

戴进  余兴  Rosenfeld Daniel 《大气科学》2008,32(6):1319-1332

以华山站为影响站, 周围的西安、渭南和华阴作为对比站, 通过影响站与对比站降水之比——地形强化因子(Ro)的变化趋势以及Ro与能见度关系的分析, 定量研究了秦岭地区气溶胶对地形云降水的抑制作用。Ro的演变分析表明: 有观测以来Ro逐年递减, 减幅为14%～20%, 即影响站与对比站相比降水量减少了14%～20%; Ro的减少趋势与能见度递减、气溶胶递增相吻合, 说明气溶胶的增加抑制了地形云降水。Ro的递减主要是减少了中小雨 (日雨量小于30 mm) 的天数, 这种影响对浅薄的生命期较短的地形云降水作用更明显, 对于华山站, 30 mm以下的降水都会受到入云气溶胶的抑制作用, 而西安站为5 mm以下, 入云气溶胶浓度越高, 就有越厚的降水云受气溶胶影响而抑制降水; 在以动力强迫抬升为主的春秋季, 气溶胶抑制华山地形云降水20%左右, 最大可达25%; 在热对流条件下, 气溶胶对地形云和对平原地区云的抑制作用基本相当。不同风速风向下Ro的变化趋势表明, Ro递减随风速增大而加快, 迎风向 (240°～30°) 大风 (≥5 m/s) 时减少降水超过30%。由Ro与能见度关系的定量分析发现, 当能见度在14 km时Ro为1.8左右, 随着能见度的降低Ro逐渐减小, 当能见度小于8 km时,R0约为1.2, 减小了30%左右; 华山对于华阴的Ro与能见度呈线性关系, 相关系数达0.81。最后, 根据研究结果归纳出气溶胶抑制秦岭地区地形云降水的初步物理模型。  相似文献   

基于内涝模型的西安市区强降水内涝成因分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王建鹏  薛春芳  解以扬  金丽娜  薛荣 《气象科技》2008,36(6):772-775

利用西安市近10～40年降水资料、市政信息资料,采用统计学方法,分析了强降水内涝的成因.结果表明:短时强降水或过程量偏大的降水天气过程是引发西安市内涝的直接气象因素;排水能力的强弱是发生内涝关键因素;随着城市化的发展,极端雨强的强度及大于10 mm/h降水的总时次数均有上升趋势,强降水发生概率的提高加强了内涝灾害发生频率及强度,城市效应是内涝加强的主要原因.用西安市强降水内涝仿真模型来进行模拟试验表明:西安是一个内涝发生降水雨强临界值偏低的城市,小时雨强3 mm/h、13 mm/h是发生内涝、严重内涝的临界值,天气预报、雨情监测重点及市政防御关键部位是西北区.总体上缩小井距效果好一些.  相似文献   

An unusual timing and spectral state of a black hole microquasar XTE J1550-564     

Ying-Kang Jin Shuang-Nan Zhang Ti-Pei Li 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2009,9(2)

An unusual timing and spectral state of a black hole microquasar XTE J1550-564 observed with RXTE is analyzed. Millisecond variabilities are found, which are significantly shorter than the minimum possible time scale in the light curves of black hole binaries, as suggested by Sunyaev & Revnivtsev (2000). The X-ray spectral fitting result indicates that there is an unusual soft component in the spectrum, which may be responsible for the millisecond variabilities. The millisecond variabilities as well as the unusual soft spectral component should be produced from some small, but independent active regions in the accretion disk.  相似文献   

Flare-induced signals in polarization measurements during the X2.6 flare on 2005 January 15     

Meng Zhao  Jing-Xiu Wang  Sarah Matthews  Ming-De Ding  Hui Zhao  Chun-Lan Jin 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2009,9(7)

Flare-induced signals in polarization measurements which were manifested as apparent polarity reversal in magnetograms have been reported since 1981. We are motivated to further quantify the phenomenon by asking two questions: can we distinguish the flare-induced signals from real magnetic changes during flares, and what we can learn about flare energy release from the flare-induced signals? We select the X2.6 flare that occurred on 2005 January 15, for further study. The flare took place in NOAA active re-gion (AR) 10720 at approximately the central meridian, which makes the interpretation of the vector magnetograms less ambiguous. We have identified that flare-induced signals during this flare appeared in six zones. The zones are located within an average distance of 5 Mm from their weight center to the main magnetic neutral line, have an average size of (0.6±0.4)×1017 cm2, duration of 13±4 min, and flux density change of 181±125 G in the area of reversed polarity. The following new facts have been revealed by this study: (1) the flare-induced signal is also seen in the transverse magnetograms but with smaller magnitude, e.g., about 50 G; (2) the flare-induced signal mainly manifests itself as apparent polarity reversal, but the signal starts and ends as a weakening of flux density; (3) The flare-induced signals appear in phase with the peaks of hard X-ray emission as observed by the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic lmager (RHESSI), and mostly trace the position of RHESSI hard X-ray footpoint sources. (4) in four zones, it takes place cotemporally with real magnetic changes which persist after the flare. Only for the other two zones does the flux density recover to the pre-flare level immediately after the flare.The physical implications of the flare-induced signal are discussed in view of its relevance to the non-thermal electron precipitation and primary energy release in the flare.  相似文献   

基于TIFF和XML标准的瓦片金字塔模型     

贲进  童晓冲  张衡  丛凤波 《测绘科学技术学报》2005,22(3):184-186

随着数字地球、数字城市研究的深入,多分辨率空间数据模型已成为GIS研究的热点之一,瓦片金字塔作为管理栅格型空间数据的有效手段更得到了广泛应用.文中分析了普通金字塔模型的缺点,在此基础上设计并实现了符合TIFF和XML标准的通用数据模型;通过应用证明了模型的实用价值.  相似文献   

Magnetic susceptibility of ultrahigh pressure eclogite: The role of retrogression   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Haijun Xu  Zhenmin Jin  Roger Mason 《Tectonophysics》2009,475(2):279-714

Retrograde metamorphism played the dominant role in changing the low-field rock magnetic properties and density of 198 specimens of variably retrograded eclogites from the main borehole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD) and from surface outcrops in the Donghai area in the southern part of the Sulu UHP belt, China. Bulk magnetic susceptibility (κ) of unretrogressed UHP eclogite is controlled by whole-rock chemical composition and ranges from 397 to 2312 μSI with principal magnetic susceptibility carrying minerals paramagnetic garnet, omphacite, rutile and phengite. Partially retrograded eclogites show large variations in magnetic susceptibility between 804 and 24,277 μSI, with high mean magnetic susceptibility values of 4372 ± 4149 μSI caused by appreciable amounts of Fe-Ti oxide minerals such as magnetite, ilmenite and/or titanohematite produced by retrograde metamorphic reactions. Completely retrograded eclogites have lower susceptibilities of 1094 ± 600 μSI and amphibolite facies mineral assemblages lacking high magnetic susceptibility minerals. Jelínek's corrected anisotropy (P_j) of eclogites ranges from 1.001 to 1.540, and shows a positive correlation with low-field magnetic susceptibility (κ). Arithmetic mean bulk density (ρ) shows a steady decrease from 3.54 ± 0.11 g/cm³ (fresh eclogite) to 2.98 ± 0.06 g/cm³ (completely retrograded eclogite). Retrograde metamorphic changes in mineral composition during exhumation appear to be the major factor causing variations in low field magnetic susceptibility and anisotropy. Retrograde processes must be taken into account when interpreting magnetic surveys and geophysical well logs in UHP metamorphic terranes, and petrophysical properties such as density and low-field magnetic susceptibility could provide a means for semi-quantifying the degree of retrogression of eclogite during exhumation.  相似文献   

Model-based remote sensing algorithms for particulate organic carbon (POC) in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico     

Young Baek Son  Wilford D. Gardner  Alexey V. Mishonov  Mary Jo Richardson 《Journal of Earth System Science》2009,118(1):1-10

Hydrographic data, including particulate organic carbon (POC) from the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico (NEGOM) study, were combined with remotely-sensed SeaWiFS data to estimate POC concentration using principal component analysis (PCA). The spectral radiance was extracted at each NEGOM station, digitized, and averaged. The mean value and spurious trends were removed from each spectrum. De-trended data included six wavelengths at 58 stations. The correlation between the weighting factors of the first six eigenvectors and POC concentration were applied using multiple linear regression. PCA algorithms based on the first three, four, and five modes accounted for 90, 95, and 98% of total variance and yielded significant correlations with POC with R ² = 0.89, 0.92, and 0.93. These full waveband approaches provided robust estimates of POC in various water types. Three different analyses (root mean square error, mean ratio and standard deviation) showed similar error estimates, and suggest that spectral variations in the modes defined by just the first four characteristic vectors are closely correlated with POC concentration, resulting in only negligible loss of spectral information from additional modes. The use of POC algorithms greatly increases the spatial and temporal resolution for interpreting POC cycling and can be extrapolated throughout and perhaps beyond the area of shipboard sampling.  相似文献   

松辽盆地北部安达断陷营城组火山岩岩相的地震识别   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

于晶  刘大锰  文瑞霞  金圣爱 《地质科学》2009,44(2):595-604

安达断陷营城组的火山岩岩相分为火山通道相、爆发相、溢流相、次火山岩相和火山-沉积相,每种火山岩岩相的地震特征各不相同.根据各种岩相的地震反射特征,逐条测线解释出火山岩相,结合相干体技术和振幅属性预测了安达断陷内研究区的火山岩岩相分布,圈出3个爆发相发育区.据此讨论了地震识别方法在识别火山岩岩相和火山岩储层物性中的应用.  相似文献   

基于分层模式的随钻地震数据处理软件系统体系结构研究     

徐冰  刘怀山  张进  王林飞 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(8):83-88

针对目前国内随钻地震数据处理技术研究的需求,提出了基于分层模式的随钻地震资料处理集成平台体系结构,依次针对框架内的数据存储和服务层、应用服务层、执行控制层和用户界面层等每层的主要功能进行了界定和说明,并给出系统实现。该系统集资料处理、数据管理、可视化于一体,既满足常规室内资料处理的需求,也适用于钻井现场的实时处理,对现场监控钻探过程,及时调整施工方案具有意义。  相似文献   

联合PROSAIL模型和植被水分指数的低矮植被含水量估算     

江海英  柴琳娜  贾坤  刘进  杨世琪  郑杰 《遥感学报》2021,25(4):1025-1036

植被冠层含水量CWC (Canopy Water Content)和植被地上部分含水量VWC (Vegetation Water Content)对于植被健康状况和土壤干旱监测具有重要意义。本文联合PROSAIL辐射传输模型和植被水分指数NDWI(Normalized Difference Water Index),发展了一种简单、通用性较好的低矮植被CWC和VWC反演方法,可实现中、高空间分辨率下的CWC和VWC估算。首先对PROSAIL模型输入参数进行敏感性分析,明确各参数对模型输出反射率的影响机制,以优化PROSAIL模型输入参数设置并生成低矮植被的反射率模拟数据。基于模拟数据,计算了4个植被水分指数NDWI_((860,1240))、NDWI_((860,1640))、NDWI_((1240,1640))和NDWI_((860,970))用于反演低矮植被CWC和VWC。基于模拟数据的结果表明,4个植被水分指数与ln (CWC)都存在明显的线性关系,基于该关系建立了CWC估算模型。该模型可以直接用于低矮植被CWC估算,并通过VWC与CWC之间的经验关系间接计算得到VWC。模型模拟结果也表明,由于NDWI_((860,1640))和NDWI_((1240,1640))高度相关(R~2=0.99),两者可以提供相似且相对较好的低矮植被CWC估算精度。基于地面实测数据的验证结果与基于模拟数据的结果表现出很好的一致性,即基于NDWI_((860,1640))和NDWI_((1240,1640))估算的VWC都有相似且较高的精度,决定系数(R~2)都为0.88,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.4558 kg/m~2和0.4380 kg/m~2。利用Landsat 5 TM数据对NDWI_((860,1640))估算效果的验证结果显示,模型估算CWC与地面实测CWC的R~2为0.84,RMSE为0.1342 kg/m~2,估算VWC的RMSE为0.5651 kg/m~2。本文提出的基于NDWI_((860,1640))和NDWI_((1240,1640))的CWC/VWC估算模型可被用于低矮植被的长势监测和干旱监测,为低矮植被覆盖地表的土壤水分反演提供高质量的植被水分信息。  相似文献