Ba, Si, U, Al, Sc, La, Th, C and C/C in a sediment core in the western subarctic Pacific as proxies of past biological production     

Masahito Shigemitsu  Hisashi Narita  Yutaka W. Watanabe  Naomi Harada  Shizuo Tsunogai 《Marine Chemistry》2007,106(3-4):442-455

A sediment core covering the last 145 kyrs was collected in the western subarctic Pacific (WSAP), and analyzed for Ba, U, Al, Sc, La, Yb, Th, biogenic opal (Opal) and organic carbon (C_org) as well as its isotopic ratio (δ¹³C). This study examined the change of past biological production in WSAP with multiple proxies, together with understanding the relation between Loess from the Asian continent and the biological production. The Loess content was estimated from the metal components, Al, Sc, La, Yb and Th. In this high latitude core (50°N), the Loess content was generally high during the glacial periods, but it was also high even in some interglacial periods. The excess amount of Ba relative to the detrital material composition, Ba_ex, showed the best correlation with the Vostok δD (r = 0.72, p < 0.001), indicating that the biological production was lower in the glacial periods than in the interglacials. This corroborates the pervasive correlation between Ba_ex in the polar region, WSAP and the Antarctic Sea, and Antarctic temperature, combined with previous research. This correlation might be explained by the stratification caused by cooling. In addition, the time variations of Ba_ex in WSAP were similar to those of Ba_ex in the Okhotsk Sea and of other proxies (C_org and Opal) in both the Okhotsk and the Bering Sea, indicating the spatial homogeneity of Ba_ex in WSAP including proximal marginal seas. The Opal content was more weakly correlated with the Vostok δD (r = 0.46, p < 0.001) than Ba_ex, reflecting that Opal in WSAP including proximal marginal seas was spatially heterogeneous compared to Ba_ex. While both the C_org content and U_ex, the excess amount of U relative to the detritus composition, were not positively correlated with the Vostok δD, they behaved similarly in the sediments. The positive correlation between δ¹³C and the Vostok δD (r = 0.42, p < 0.001), between δ¹³C and Ba_ex (r = 0.60, p < 0.001) and between δ¹³C and Opal (r = 0.36, p < 0.01) indicates that δ¹³C in WSAP may give some information on the phytoplankton growth rate. There was not a significant correlation between the spatially homogeneous Ba_ex in WSAP and Loess (r = − 0.16, p > 0.01), suggesting that the increase of biological production with the increase of Loess supply during the glacial periods did not occur.  相似文献   

Temporal Change of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in the Subsurface Water at Station KNOT (44°N, 155°E) in the Western North Pacific Subpolar Region     

Masahide?WakitaEmail author  Shuichi?Watanabe  Yutaka?W.?Watanabe  Tsuneo?Ono  Nobuo?Tsurushima  Shizuo?Tsunogai 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(1):129-139

The dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and related chemical species have been measured from 1992 to 2001 at Station KNOT (44°N, 155°E) in the western North Pacific subpolar region. DIC (1.3∼2.3 µ mol/kg/yr) and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU, 0.7∼1.8 µmol/kg/yr) have increased while total alkalinity remained constant in the intermediate water (26.9∼27.3σ_θ). The increases of DIC in the upper intermediate water (26.9∼27.1σ_θ) were higher than those in the lower one (27.2∼ 27.3σ_θ). The temporal change of DIC would be controlled by the increase of anthropogenic CO₂, the decomposition of organic matter and the non-anthropogenic CO₂ absorbed at the region of intermediate water formation. We estimated the increase of anthropogenic CO₂ to be only 0.5∼0.7 µmol/kg/yr under equilibrium with the atmospheric CO₂ content. The effect of decomposition was estimated to be 0.8 ± 0.7 µmol/kg/yr from AOU increase. The remainder of non-anthropogenic CO₂ had increased by 0.6 ± 1.1 µmol/kg/yr. We suggest that the non-anthropogenic CO₂ increase is controlled by the accumulation of CO₂ liberated back to atmosphere at the region of intermediate water formation due to the decrease of difference between DIC in the winter mixed layer and DIC under equilibrium with the atmospheric CO₂ content, and the reduction of diapycnal vertical water exchange between mixed layer and pycnocline waters. In future, more accurate and longer time series data will be required to confirm our results.  相似文献   

Temporal Trends in Apparent Oxygen Utilization in the Upper Pycnocline of the North Pacific: 1980–2000     

Steven Emerson  Yutaka W. Watanabe  Tsuneo Ono  Sabine Mecking 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(1):139-147

We present a compilation of apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) changes observed in the upper pycnocline of the North Pacific Ocean over the last several decades. The goal here is to place previously-published data in a common format, and assess the causes of the observed changes. The general trend along repeat cross sections of the eastern and western subtropical ocean and the subarctic ocean is an increase in AOU from the mid 1980s to the mid 1990s. AOU has also been increasing in a time-series study in the northwest subarctic Ocean off of Japan since the late 1960s. Observed AOU changes south of 35°N in the subtropical ocean are 10–20 μmol kg⁻¹, with much greater changes, reaching 60–80 μmol kg⁻¹ in isolated areas, in the subtropical/subarctic boundary and the subarctic ocean. Analysis of changes in both AOU and salinity on isopycnals suggests that there are significant salinity-normalized increases that must be due to alteration in the rate of ventilation or organic matter degradation. A common feature in the data is that the maximum increase in AOU is centered near the density horizon σ_θ= 26.6. Time series results from the Oyashio Current region near the winter outcrop area of this density horizon indicate that surface waters there have become fresher with time, which may mean this density surface has ceased to outcrop in the latter decades of the 20th century. Whether this is due to natural decadal-scale changes or anthropogenic influences can be decided by determining future trends in AOU on these density surfaces. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Mechanism of Nutrient Supply to Warm-Core Ring off Sanriku, Japan     

Katsuyuki Sasaki  Yutaka Hiroe 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(5):683-690

The mechanism by which nutrient is supplied to a warm-core ring (WCR) was investigated in order to understand the greater productivity of WCR than that of the Kuroshio, where the WCR originattes. A single WCR was observed in January and May, 1997. The thermostad (a layer of isothermal and isohaline water) of the WCR had different properties from January to May, the differences: Δwater temperature: −0.698°C, Δsalinity: −0.048, Δsigma θ: +0.072, Δnitrite+nitrate-N: +1.83 μM, Δphosphate: +0.011 μM and Δsilicate: +3.2 μM. We examined three possible mechanisms for nutrient supply to WCR in winter, namely: 1) inflow of the Oyashio surface water into WCR; 2) isopycnal mixing with Oyashio water; 3) entrainment of the water below the WCR into the WCR. The results were as follows: 1) When the decrease of salinity was due to the inflow of the Oyashio surface water, the increase of nutrients (nitrite+nitrate-N, phosphate-P and silicate-Si) was estimated to be only 17–27% of the observed increase. 2) When the decrease of salinity was due to isopycnal mixing, the increase of nutrients was estimated to be 30–42% of the observed increase. 3) When the decrease of salinity in the WCR in May was due to entrainment of the water below the WCR in winter by convection, the mixing depth was calculated be 620 m according to the salt budget. The increase of nutrients in this case was calculated to be 82–95% of the observed increase. The main mechanism of nutrient supply to WCR was concluded to be due to the entrainment of the water below the WCR by winter mixing. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

239,240Pu and137Cs in the East China and the Yellow Seas     

Yutaka Nagaya  Kiyoshi Nakamura 《Journal of Oceanography》1992,48(1):23-35

The distribution and inventory of artificial radionuclides,^239,240Pu and¹³⁷Cs were determined in the East China and the Yellow Seas in 1987. Almost all of^239,240Pu and 50 to 80% of¹³⁷Cs in the continental shelf area are retained in the sediment column.^239,240Pu sediment inventory in the sea area is larger than the fallout input and tends to increase southwardly. This excess^239,240Pu and the lateral distribution are attributable to the supply of^239,240Pu by the Yangtze River discharge. On the contrary,¹³⁷Cs sediment inventory shows a decrease to the south, and the fact can be accounted for by the southward dispersion of fine silt particles discharged from the Yellow River. Total¹³⁷Cs inventory is smaller than the estimated fallout input, and the fact seems to indicate dispersion of¹³⁷Cs out of the shelf region. Vertical profiles of^239,240Pu and¹³⁷Cs contents in sediments differ from that of natural²¹⁰Pb, implying the effect of varied accumulation rates of the artificial radionuclides over the sediment particle mixing by benthic organisms. Apparent maximum sediment particle mixing coefficient (D _B ) calculated from the excess²¹⁰Pb profiles in stations located between the inner and outer shelves ranged from 1.4 to 8.3 cm²y^–1. ThisD _B value is higher than that in the Okinawa Trough (1.0 cm²y^–1), but lower than previously estimatedD _B value (26 cm²y^–1) in the outer shelf mud.  相似文献   

Retraction:Modeling Marine Stratocumulus with a Detailed Microphysical Scheme     

ZHAO Chunsheng  Yutaka ISHIZAKA  WU Guoxiong  WANG Huijun  Da-Lin ZHANG 《大气科学进展》2004,21(3):382-382

  相似文献   

用X射线分析显微镜对海藻元素的研究Ⅲ. X射线分析显微镜引导下羊栖菜中含溴化合物的分离     

严小军  范晓  龟田真由美  永田忠博 《海洋科学集刊》2000,(42):189-196

本研究采用了一种新的元素检测方法,即用X射线分析显微镜来引导分离羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiformis)中有机溴化合物。新鲜羊栖菜经提取、浓缩、洗脱等处理,所得洗脱液经冷冻干燥后,用X射线分析显微镜分析其元素组成。X射线荧光光谱得到的结果表明,这种检测方法十分有效,能够证实有机溴化合物在PVPP柱色谱中得到了有效的浓缩与分离。MALDI-TOFMS质谱显示存在两个有机溴化合物,分子量分别为330和554,质谱的同位素特征表明,每个有机溴化合物分子中分别含有一个溴原子。该有机溴化物具有以下的化学特征:水溶性较强,能够被PVPP柱吸附,而在弱碱条件下溶出;在水溶液中不太稳定,容易形成沉淀。该有机溴化物的紫外可见光谱特征具有多酚化合物的特点,并与海藻中的砷化物具有某种程度的相互作用。  相似文献   

用X射线分析显微镜对海藻元素的研究Ⅱ.裙带菜孢子叶的元素定位     

严小军  陈予敏  范晓  忠田吉弘  永田忠博 《海洋科学集刊》2000,(42):182-188

X射线分析显微镜是一种快速的非破坏分析方法,可以用来对海藻中特定的元素在组织水平进行定位。本实验采用X射线分析显微镜对1997年2月在日本佐贺县唐津市海岸采集的养殖裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida Suringar)的孢子叶进行了硫、钾、钙、碘的组织定位研究,对孢子叶的整体进行X射线扫描及特征元素次级荧光的图像分析,并选取孢子叶的边缘部、中部及中心各一点进行定点的X射线荧光光谱测定。Ⅹ射线荧光光谱的结果表明,钾是裙带菜孢子叶的最显著元素,具有最大的X射线荧光强度。定位分析表明,钾在孢子叶的中心部位分布较高,钙与碘则在边缘部分布较高,硫多位于孢子叶的中间部分,在中心部位及边缘部的分布均较低。除了钾、钙、硫以外,其他元素如铁、溴、锌也能够在X射线荧光光谱中给出谱峰。作者得到的X射线特征元素荧光图像首次报道了裙带菜孢子叶中钾、钙、硫等元素在组织水平的定位。应用RGB图像彩色合成技术获得的硫、钙、钾三元素的彩色合成图像也与定点分析结果相一致。  相似文献   

Effects of balanced impact damper in structures subjected to walking and vertical seismic excitations          下载免费PDF全文

Yutaka Nakamura  Koichi Watanabe 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(1):113-128

This study investigates whether a balanced impact damper (BID) with a vertically suspended impact body colliding with shock absorbing rubber can suppress vibrations of a floor slab subjected to walking and vertical seismic excitations. The impact body is suspended by coil springs to sustain its deadweight and centralize it within the gap, and collides with the stopper when its amplitude exceeds the specified gap width. The stopper is covered by a shock‐absorbing rubber made of polyurethane gel. The installed BID was evaluated in a single degree‐of‐freedom model of a floor slab subjected to vertical excitations. Simulations revealed that the installed BID properly controls the vibrations. Next, the effects of the BID installed on a steel plate were investigated in shaking table tests. The BID effectively suppressed vertical vibrations of the plate subjected to sinusoidal waves, seismic motions, and walking excitations. In addition, the shaking table tests were accurately simulated by the developed mathematical model of the damper. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Livestock wastes as a source of estrogens and their effects on wildlife of Manko tidal flat,Okinawa   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Tashiro Y  Takemura A  Fujii H  Takahira K  Nakanishi Y 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,47(1-6):143-147

The Manko tidal flat in the southern part of Okinawa Island is an important visiting and wintering area for migratory birds and was added to the Ramsar Convention Register of Wetlands in 1999. This area used to be an inlet extending to the inner part of Naha Port, but recent reclamation projects have restricted its connection to the East China Sea. As is typical in rural regions of subtropical islands, the inhabitants in the Manko basin raise livestock, especially pigs, without employing sufficient waste treatment methods. As sewage treatment works are considered to be one of the main sources of environmental estrogens in urban areas, the significance of livestock farming as a source of estrogens in rural area is examined in this study. In the present study, total estrogenic activities in water and sediment samples from the Manko tidal flat and its basin were measured using a recombinant yeast screen method. Estrogenic activities (equivalent to 17beta-estradiol, E2) were around 10 ng l(-1) in water samples and more than 10 microg kg(-1) in some sediment samples. In addition, the concentrations of estrone (E1) and E2 in water samples measured using LC/MS/MS indicated a high contribution of environmental estrogens from livestock wastes.  相似文献