北京地区风沙活动及其整治的初步研究   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

中国科学院兰州沙漠所北京风沙课题组 《中国沙漠》1987,7(3):1-15

根据两年来北京地区的野外风沙考察,半定位风沙(尘)观测,室内风洞实验以及有关区域资料的分析研究得出:风沙问题是北京区域环境存在的严重问题之一,区域风沙活动由来已久,在频繁程度上不亚于半干旱区的河北坝上和乌盟后山地区。区内各地风沙活动均以春季为主,冬春两季风沙活动约占全年的80%以上。风沙天气的年际变化较大,五十年代最为频繁,六十年代最少,七十年代初期又有回升,中期以后至八十年代中期又逐渐趋于减少。风沙活动的形成及其盛衰变化,除与自然因素有关外,还与地表植被和土壤结构等因人类活动所造成的变化息息相关。风沙活动不仅使大气遭受污染,而且使土地资源遭受破坏。全区风沙危害严重的区域(风沙区)面积达342万亩,约占平原区总面积的35.6%,其中沙质地表因长期遭受风力作用所形成的风沙化土地面积约为136万余亩,占平原区面积的14.2%,以永定河冲积平原分布面积最大。研究证明,北京地区风沙主要来源于本地,系就地起沙。因此,风沙防治要立足于本地,特别是风沙土地的治理,对根治本区风沙危害、改善首都环境具有根本性意义。  相似文献   

The Liaonan Metamorphic Core Complex： Constitution, Structure and Evolution   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

LIU Junlai  GUAN Huimei  JI Mo  CAO Shuyun  HU Ling State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes  Mineral Resources  and Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics  Lithoprobing Technology of the Ministry of Education  China University of Geosciences  Bei 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(4):502-513

The Liaonan metamorphic core complex (mcc) has a three-layer structure and is constituted by five parts, i.e. a detachment fault zone, an allochthonous upper plate and an supradetachment basin above the fault zone, and highly metamorphosed rocks and intrusive rocks in the lower plate. The allochthonous upper plate is mainly of Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic rocks weakly deformed and metamorphosed in pre-Indosinan stage. Above these rocks is a small-scale supradetachment basin of Cretaceous sedimentary and volcanic rocks. The lower plate is dominated by Archean TTG gneisses with minor amount of supracrustal rocks. The Archean rocks are intruded by late Mesozoic synkinematic monzogranitic and granitic plutons. Different types of fault rocks, providing clues to the evolution of the detachment fault zone, are well-preserved in the fault zone, e.g. mylonitic gneiss, mylonites, brecciated mylonites, microbreccias and pseudotachylites. Lineations in lower plate granitic intrusions have consistent orientation that indicate uniform top-to-NW shearing along the main detachment fault zone. This also provides evidence for the synkinematic characteristics of the granitic plutons in the lower plate. Structural analysis of the different parts in the mcc and isotopic dating of plutonic rocks from the lower plate and mylonitic rocks from detachment fault zone suggest that exhumation of the mcc started with regional crustal extension due to crustal block rotation and tangential shearing. The extension triggered magma formation, upwelling and emplacement. This event ended with appearance of pseudotachylite and fault gauges formed at the uppermost crustal level. U-Pb dating of single zircon grains from granitic rocks in the lower plate gives an age of 130±5 Ma, and biotite grains from the mam detachment fault zone have 40Ar-39Ar ages of 108-119 Ma. Several aspects may provide constraints for the exhumation of the Liaonan mcc. These include regional extensional setting, cover/basement contact, temporal and spatial coupling of extension and magmatism, basin development and evolution of fault tectonites along detachment fault zone. We propose that the exhumation of the Liaonan mcc resulted from regional extension and thinning of crust or lithosphere in eastern North China, and accompanied with synkinematic intrusion of granitic plutons, formation of detachment fault zone, uplifting and exhumation of lower-plate rocks, and appearance of supradetachment basin.  相似文献   

Paleoproterozoic Potassic Granitoids in the Sushui Complex from the Zhongtiao Mountains, Northern China： Geochronology, Geochemistry and Petrogenesis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

TIAN Wei LIU Shuwen ZHANG Huafeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(6):875-885

1 Introduction The early Precambrian basement of the North China Craton (NCC) consists mainly of the Eastern Continental Block, the Western Continental Block and the Trans-North China Orogen (TNCO, or “the Central Tectonic Zone”), which formed by continental collision between the Eastern and Western Blocks (Zhao et al., 1998). This evolutionary model has now been widely accepted (Wu and Zhong, 1998; Guan et al., 2002; Guo et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2002a, b; Liu et al., 2004a, b;…  相似文献   

CME和冕流结构相互作用机制的数值模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

黄福成 《地球物理学报》2005,48(1):13-18

1980年4月14日SMM卫星曾经观测到了爆发在两冕流结构之间开放磁场中的CME独特的传播特征以及冕流结构的畸变和偏转。本文采用了2.5维MHD方程,用数值模拟方法研究了CME和冕流结构之间复杂的相互作用过程.模拟结果不但展现了SMM卫星所观测到的CME的独特的传播特征和冕流结构的畸变和偏转,而且还发现了在冕流结构和CME的相互作用中,冕流结构内部轴向磁场分量的反转效应.模拟结果对磁云和磁暴活动的研究也具有一定的意义.  相似文献   

库车盆地古近纪和新近纪构造环境与蒸发岩沉积   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

许建新  马海州  杨来生  谭红兵  王建国 《地质学报》2006,80(2):227-235

库车盆地分布有沉积广厚、层数众多的古近纪和新近纪石盐岩,是我国最有找钾希望的内陆成盐盆地之一。盆地自形成以来一直处于稳定的沉降状态,在古近纪和新近纪成盐期,盆地经历了强-弱-强3个构造演化阶段,其沉降中心由北而南逐渐迁移,沉积中心由北西逐渐向东、南东方向迁移,盆地内的构造分异渐趋明显,形成了一系列次级凹陷。古近纪和新近纪成盐卤水的迁移和聚集、成盐作用的强弱以及整个含盐系的沉积发育明显受到上述构造活动的控制:含盐系的厚度随时间由北西向东、向南逐渐增厚,且厚度分布逐渐趋于复杂化;石盐岩的沉积规模和范围也逐渐向东扩大;古近纪早期和新近纪强烈的构造活动对于成盐作用而言是一种干扰因素,而古近纪中、晚期相对较弱、导致盆地缓慢持续沉降的构造活动对成盐,尤其对成钾作用则极为有利。从盆地的构造分异结果及其控制的含盐系和其中石盐岩的发育特征来看,古近纪和新近纪库车盆地已具备钾盐蒸发岩形成的构造条件。  相似文献   

First record of Paraonella platybranchia （Hartman, 1961） （Polychaeta： Paraonidae） from the Yellow Sea     

周进  李新正 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(1)

This paper reports for the first time a species of polychaetous family Paraonidae, Paraonella platybranchia (Hartman, 1961), a rare species found previously only in the coast near the boundary between the United States and Mexico, and it was recently discovered in the samples collected in 1982 from Chinese side of the Yellow Sea. This is the first record of the species in China as well as in the Northwest Pacific.  相似文献   

Volatiles,vesicles, and vugs: Unraveling the magmatic and eruptive histories of Steno crater basalts     

Z. E. Wilbur  J. J. Barnes  S. A. Eckley  I. J. Ong  M. Brounce  C. A. Crow  T. Erickson  J. J. Kent  J. W. Boyce  J. L. Mosenfelder  T. Hahn Jr  F. M. McCubbin  T. J. Zega  the ANGSA Science Team 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2023,58(11):1600-1628

In 1972, Apollo 17 astronauts returned 170.4 kg of lunar material. Within 1 month of their return, a subset of those samples was specially curated with the forethought that future analytical techniques would offer new insight into the formation and evolution of the Moon. Of interest in this work is sample 71036, a basalt collected from the rim of Steno crater in the Taurus–Littrow Valley, which was stored frozen and was processed and released for study 50 years later. We report, for the first time, the detailed mineralogy and petrology of 71036 and its companion samples 71035, 71037, and 71055 using a novel combination of 2-D and 3-D methods. We investigate lunar volatiles through in situ measurements of apatite and 3-D measurements of vesicles to understand the degassing histories of the Steno crater basalts. Our coupled 2-D petrography and 3-D tomography data sets support a model of the Steno crater basalts crystallizing in the upper crust of a mare lava flow. Apatite F and OH chemistry and the late-stage deformation of voids and formation of smaller vesicles provide evidence supporting coeval degassing of volatiles and crystallization of mesostasis apatite in Apollo 17 basalts. This work helps to close knowledge gaps surrounding the origin, magmatic evolution, emplacement, and crystallization history of high-titanium basalts.  相似文献   

AsteroFLAG: First results from hare‐and‐hounds Exercise #1     

W.J. Chaplin  T. Appourchaux  T. Arentoft  J. Ballot  J. Christensen‐Dalsgaard  O.L. Creevey  Y. Elsworth  S.T. Fletcher  R.A. García  G. Houdek  S.J. Jimnez‐Reyes  H. Kjeldsen  R. New  C. Rgulo  D. Salabert  T. Sekii  S.G. Sousa  T. Toutain  the rest of the asteroFLAG group 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2008,329(5):549-557

We report on initial results from the first phase of Exercise #1 of the asteroFLAG hare and hounds. The asteroFLAG group is helping to prepare for the asteroseismology component of NASA's Kepler mission, and the first phase of Exercise #1 is concerned with testing extraction of estimates of the large and small frequency spacings of the low‐degree p modes from Kepler‐like artificial data. These seismic frequency spacings will provide key input for complementing the exoplanet search data. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献