Towards more systematic perceptual model development: a case study using 3 Luxembourgish catchments          下载免费PDF全文

Sebastian Wrede  Fabrizio Fenicia  Núria Martínez‐Carreras  Jérôme Juilleret  Christophe Hissler  Andreas Krein  Hubert H. G. Savenije  Stefan Uhlenbrook  Dmitri Kavetski  Laurent Pfister 《水文研究》2015,29(12):2731-2750

The synthesis of experimental understanding of catchment behaviour and its translation into qualitative perceptual models is an important objective of hydrological sciences. We explore this challenge by examining the cumulative understanding of the hydrology of three experimental catchments and how it evolves through the application of different investigation techniques. The case study considers the Huewelerbach, Weierbach and Wollefsbach headwater catchments of the Attert basin in Luxembourg. Subsurface investigations including bore holes and pits, analysis of soil samples and Electrical Resistivity Tomography measurements are presented and discussed. Streamflow and tracer data are used to gain further insights into the streamflow dynamics of the catchments, using end‐member mixing analysis and hydrograph separation based on dissolved silica and electrical conductivity. We show that the streamflow generating processes in all three catchments are controlled primarily by the subsolum and underlying bedrock. In the Huewelerbach, the permeable sandstone formation supports a stable groundwater component with little seasonality, which reaches the stream through a series of sources at the contact zone with the impermeable marls formation. In the Weierbach, the schist formation is relatively impermeable and supports a ‘fill and spill’‐type of flow mechanism; during wet conditions, it produces a delayed response dominated by pre‐event water. In the Wollefsbach, the impermeable marls formation is responsible for a saturation‐excess runoff generating process, producing a fast and highly seasonal response dominated by event water. The distinct streamflow generating processes of the three catchments are represented qualitatively using perceptual models. The perceptual models are in turn translated into quantitative conceptual models, which simulate the hydrological processes using networks of connected reservoirs and transfer functions. More generally, the paper illustrates the evolution of perceptual models based on experimental fieldwork data, the translation of perceptual models into conceptual models and the value of different types of data for processes understanding and model representation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Extinction of the northern oceanic deep convection in an ensemble of climate model simulations of the 20th and 21st centuries     

Laurent Brodeau  Torben Koenigk 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(9-10):2863-2882

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Sulphate incorporation in monazite lattice and dating the cycle of sulphur in metamorphic belts     

Antonin T. Laurent  Anne-Magali Seydoux-Guillaume  Stéphanie Duchene  Bernard Bingen  Valérie Bosse  Lucien Datas 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2016,171(11):94

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Fast computation of general forward gravitation problems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fabien Casenave  Laurent Métivier  Gwendoline Pajot-Métivier  Isabelle Panet 《Journal of Geodesy》2016,90(7):655-675

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Climate and human land-use as a driver of Lake Narlay (Eastern France,Jura Mountains) evolution over the last 1200 years: implication for methane cycle     

Simon Belle  Valérie Verneaux  Laurent Millet  David Etienne  Andrea Lami  Simona Musazzi  Jean-Louis Reyss  Michel Magny 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2016,55(1):83-96

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Statistical forecast of the marine surge     

Quintana  Gonzalo Iñaki  Tandeo  Pierre  Drumetz  Lucas  Leballeur  Laurent  Pavec  Marc 《Natural Hazards》2021,108(3):2905-2917

Natural Hazards - This paper studies different machine learning methods for solving the regression problem of estimating the marine surge value given meteorological data. The marine surge is...  相似文献   

The mesoscale variability in the Caribbean Sea. Part I: Simulations and characteristics with an embedded model     

Julien Jouanno  Julio Sheinbaum  Bernard Barnier  Jean-Marc Molines  Laurent Debreu  Florian Lemari 《Ocean Modelling》2008,23(3-4):82-101

The variability in the Caribbean Sea is investigated using high resolution (1/15°) general circulation model experiments. For the first time in this region, simulations were carried out with a 2-way nested configuration of the NEMO primitive equation model. A coarse North Atlantic grid (1/3°) reproduces the main features of the North Atlantic and Equatorial circulation capable of influencing ocean dynamics in the Caribbean Sea. This numerical study highlights strong dynamical differences among basins and modifies the view that dynamics are homogeneous over the whole Caribbean Basin. The Caribbean mean flow is shown to organize in two intense jets flowing westward along the northern and southern boundaries of the Venezuela Basin, which merge in the center of the Colombia Basin. Diagnostics of model outputs show that width, depth and strength of baroclinic eddies increase westward from the Lesser Antilles to the Colombia Basin. The widening and strengthening to the west is consistent with altimetry data and drifter observations. Although influenced by the circulation in the Colombia Basin, the variability in the Cayman Basin (which also presents a westward growth from the Chibcha Channel) is deeper and less energetic than the variability in the Colombia/Venezuela Basins. Main frequency peaks for the mesoscale variability present a westward shift, from roughly 50 days near the Lesser Antilles to 100 days in the Cayman Basin, which is associated with growth and merging of eddies.  相似文献   

Sedimentary facies and paleoenvironmental interpretation of a Holocene marsh in the Gironde Estuary in France     

WANG Jianhu  MASSE Laurent  TASTET Jean-Pierre 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(6):52-62

1Introduction Since the last glacial maximum, the Holocenehas been marked by a rapid rise in sea level. After6 000 a BP, the present-day level was reached andthe rate of sea-level rise (SLR) decreased rapidly(Morzadec -Kerfourn, 1974; Kidson, 1986 ).These…  相似文献   

Diel variation of benthic respiration in a coral reef sediment (Reunion Island,Indian Ocean)     

Jacques Clavier  Laurent Chauvaud  Pascale Cuet  Clémentine Esbelin  Patrick Frouin  Dorothée Taddei  Gérard Thouzeau 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Oxygen and total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fluxes at the water–sediment interface were measured using benthic chambers to assess the short-term variations of community respiration (CR) in the back reef sediments of Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). Benthic CR had a daily cycle of minimal (6:00 AM) and maximal values (6:00 PM), showing increases of oxygen and DIC fluxes of 2.8- and 3.8-fold, respectively. Average CR values were observed at midday and midnight. The evolution of fluxes was positively related to oxygen concentration in ambient water, but not to temperature changes. In the study area, high daytime primary production augments the amount of energy available for community metabolism and increases benthic respiration. The benthic communities are therefore subjected to short-term variable environmental conditions with oxygen supersaturation during the day, and moderately hypoxic conditions at the end of the night.  相似文献   

Improvements on Fresnel arrays for high contrast imaging     

Roux Wilhem  Koechlin Laurent 《Experimental Astronomy》2018,45(1):21-40

The Fresnel Diffractive Array Imager (FDAI) is based on a new optical concept for space telescopes, developed at Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Toulouse, France. For the visible and near-infrared it has already proven its performances in resolution and dynamic range. We propose it now for astrophysical applications in the ultraviolet with apertures from 6 to 30 meters, aimed at imaging in UV faint astrophysical sources close to bright ones, as well as other applications requiring high dynamic range. Of course the project needs first a probatory mission at small aperture to validate the concept in space. In collaboration with institutes in Spain and Russia, we will propose to board a small prototype of Fresnel imager on the International Space Station (ISS), with a program combining technical tests and astrophysical targets. The spectral domain should contain the Lyman-α line (λ =?121 nm). As part of its preparation, we improve the Fresnel array design for a better Point Spread Function in UV, presently on a small laboratory prototype working at 260 nm. Moreover, we plan to validate a new optical design and chromatic correction adapted to UV. In this article we present the results of numerical propagations showing the improvement in dynamic range obtained by combining and adapting three methods : central obturation, optimization of the bars mesh holding the Fresnel rings, and orthogonal apodization. We briefly present the proposed astrophysical program of a probatory mission with such UV optics.  相似文献