Evaluation of ecotoxicological effects of endocrine disrupters during a four-year survey of the Mediterranean population of swordfish (Xiphias gladius)     

M. Cristina Fossi  Silvia Casini  Letizia Marsili  Stefania Ancora  Gabriele Mori  Giovanni Neri  Teresa Romeo  Antonella Ausili 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):425

In this project we investigated the ecotoxicological effects of endocrine disrupters in a four-year survey of the Mediterranean population of swordfish (Xiphias gladius). In the Mediterranean environment, top predators, such as swordfish, accumulate high concentrations of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) and toxic metals, potentially incurring high toxicological risk. The effects of organochlorines and trace elements (Hg, Cd and Pb) in 192 swordfish specimens, caught in the Strait of Messina, Sicily, Italy, were investigated using vitellogenin (Vtg), zona radiata proteins (Zrp) and CYP1A (BPMO, EROD) activities. Vtg and Zrp were found to be dramatically induced in some adult male specimens, suggesting that this species is highly exposed to estrogens in the Mediterranean Sea. A role of organochlorines in this induction phenomenon is suggested by the statistically significant correlations between Zrp in plasma and PCB concentrations in muscle (p<0.032) and Vtg in plasma and PCB concentrations in liver (p<0.034) of male specimens. Levels of trace elements in liver were in the following ranges: Hg 1–22, Cd 1–28 and Pb 0–1.6 ppm d.w. These data indicate potential reproductive alterations in large pelagic fish and suggest the need for continuous monitoring to avoid reductions in the population of this fish species of high commercial and ecological interest.  相似文献   

Zn-Al-rich chlorite in interleaved phyllosilicate grains from the low-temperature metamorphic Ordovician terrane of Iglesiente,south-west Sardinia,Italy     

Gabriele Cruciani  Marcello Franceschelli  Stefano Battaglia  Sandro Pasci  Mariano Puxeddu 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2015,109(6):713-718

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Observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 around the Deep Impact event by the OSIRIS cameras onboard Rosetta     

Horst Uwe Keller  Sonia Fornasier  Stubbe F. Hviid  Jörg Knollenberg  Miriam Rengel  Gabriele Cremonese  Detlef Koschny  Ekkehard Kührt  Holger Sierks  Cesare Barbieri  Hans Rickman  Michael F. A'Hearn  Maria-Antonella Barucci  Vania da Deppo  Björn J.R. Davidsson  Stefano Debei  Fritz Gliem  José J. Lopez Moreno  Giampiero Naletto  Angel Sanz Andrés 《Icarus》2007,187(1):87-103

The OSIRIS cameras on the Rosetta spacecraft observed Comet 9P/Tempel 1 from 5 days before to 10 days after it was hit by the Deep Impact projectile. The Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) monitored the cometary dust in 5 different filters. The Wide Angle Camera (WAC) observed through filters sensitive to emissions from OH, CN, Na, and OI together with the associated continuum. Before and after the impact the comet showed regular variations in intensity. The period of the brightness changes is consistent with the rotation period of Tempel 1. The overall brightness of Tempel 1 decreased by about 10% during the OSIRIS observations. The analysis of the impact ejecta shows that no new permanent coma structures were created by the impact. Most of the material moved with . Much of it left the comet in the form of icy grains which sublimated and fragmented within the first hour after the impact. The light curve of the comet after the impact and the amount of material leaving the comet ( of water ice and a presumably larger amount of dust) suggest that the impact ejecta were quickly accelerated by collisions with gas molecules. Therefore, the motion of the bulk of the ejecta cannot be described by ballistic trajectories, and the validity of determinations of the density and tensile strength of the nucleus of Tempel 1 with models using ballistic ejection of particles is uncertain.  相似文献   

A geostatistical approach for mapping and uncertainty assessment of geogenic radon gas in soil in an area of southern Italy   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Gabriele Buttafuoco  Adalisa Tallarico  Giovanni Falcone  Ilaria Guagliardi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(3):491-505

Spatial distribution of concentrations of radon gas in the soil is important for defining high risk areas because geogenic radon is the major potential source of indoor radon concentrations regardless of the construction features of buildings. An area of southern Italy (Catanzaro-Lamezia plain) was surveyed to study the relationship between radon gas concentrations in the soil, geology and structural patterns. Moreover, the uncertainty associated with the mapping of geogenic radon in soil gas was assessed. Multi-Gaussian kriging was used to map the geogenic soil gas radon concentration, while conditional sequential Gaussian simulation was used to yield a series of stochastic images representing equally probable spatial distributions of soil radon across the study area. The stochastic images generated by the sequential Gaussian simulation were used to assess the uncertainty associated with the mapping of geogenic radon in the soil and they were combined to calculate the probability of exceeding a specified critical threshold that might cause concern for human health. The study showed that emanation of radon gas radon was also dependent on geological structure and lithology. The results have provided insight into the influence of basement geochemistry on the spatial distribution of radon levels at the soil/atmosphere interface and suggested that knowledge of the geology of the area may be helpful in understanding the distribution pattern of radon near the earth’s surface.  相似文献   

A theoretical unifying scheme for gamma-ray bright blazars   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Ghisellini  A. Celotti  G. Fossati  L. Maraschi  & A. Comastri 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,301(2):451-468

The phenomenology of γ-ray bright blazars can be accounted for by a sequence in the source power and intensity of the diffuse radiation field surrounding the relativistic jet. Correspondingly, the equilibrium particle distribution peaks at different energies. This leads to a trend in the observed properties: an increase of the observed power corresponds to: (i) a decrease in the frequencies of the synchrotron and inverse Compton peaks, and (ii) an increase in the ratio of the powers of the high- and low-energy spectral components. Objects along this sequence would be observationally classified respectively as high-frequency BL Lac objects, low-frequency BL Lac objects, high-polarization quasars and low-polarization quasars.   The proposed scheme is based on the correlations among the physical parameters derived in the present paper by applying to 51 γ-ray loud blazars two of the most accepted scenarios for the broad-band emission of blazars, namely the synchrotron self-Compton and external Compton models. This also explains the observational trends presented by Fossati et al., dealing with the spectral energy distributions of all blazars. This gives us confidence that our scheme applies to all blazars as a class.  相似文献   

The fate of foramol (“temperate-type”) carbonate platforms     

Lucia Simone  Gabriele Carannante 《Sedimentary Geology》1988,60(1-4):347-354

On rimmed shelves of Bahamian-type, characterized by chlorozoan associations and typical of tropical seas, carbonate production keeps pace with normal sea-level rise except when rapid rise or drastic environmental changes occurs. On the other hand, open temperate carbonate shelves are characterized by low carbonate production of the foramol association (molluscs, benthic foraminifera, bryozoans, coralline algae, etc.) and generally show seaward relict sediments, because carbonate production cannot keep pace with normal rate of sea-level change.

Several examples of recent drowning foramol carbonate platforms (e.g., large areas of the Mediterranean Sea, eastern-northeastern Yucatan Shelf) as well as analogous ancient drowned foramol-type carbonate platforms (e.g., early to middle Miocene of the Southern Apennines; Miami Terrace) may support the idea that the drowning of many ancient carbonate platforms has been favoured by their biogenic (foramol sensu lato) constitution. Because of their typically low rate of growth, foramol carbonate platforms are fated to be drowned even if the sea-level rise is one with which the normal growth of chlorozoan platforms can keep pace. Similar conditions may also occur in tropical areas where variations in environmental conditions, such as the presence of cold waters, changes in salinity and increased nutrients, preclude the development of chlorozoan associations.  相似文献   

Geological setting of the Tverrfjell copper/zinc deposit,Central Norway     

Dr. Ralf Krupp  Gabriele Krupp 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1985,74(3):467-482

The volcanogenic exhalative Tverrfjell deposit occurs in a sequence of predominantely mafic submarine meta-volcanics, interlayered with geosynclinal pelitic sediments, turbidites and volcanic breccias, belonging to the Early Cambrian to Early Arenigian Støren Group. Two major deformational phases and low to medium grade metamorphic conditions are recognized in the study area. Basalts are mainly tholeiitic but alkaline types occur as well. Extensive fractionation produced highly evolved basalts and even andesites. Basalt compositions are comparable to Type II-ocean floor basalt. The copper/zinc ores of the Tverrfjell deposit are strictly confined to an andesitic extrusive body. An extensive magma chamber is postulated to explain magma fractionation, and as a heat source that generated the exhalative Tverrfjell ore body. It is suggested that the deposit was formed at an intraplate volcanic center or back-arc spreading center.

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Zusammenfassung Die vulkanogen-exhalativ gebildete Tverrfjell-Lagerstätte befindet sich innerhalb einer Abfolge überwiegend mafischer, submariner Metavulkamte, die mit geosynklinalen pelitischen Sedimenten, Turbiditen und vulkanischen Brekkzien wechsellagern. Diese Gesteine gehören zur Støren-Gruppe, die vom Unterkambrium bis zum frühen Arenig reicht. Zwei Hauptdeformationsphasen in Verbindung mit niedrig bis mittelgradiger Metamorphose können im Arbeitsgebiet nachgewiesen werden. Die Basalte sind zumeist tholeiitisch, jedoch treten auch alkalibasaltische Typen auf. Durch starke Fraktionierung sind hoch entwikkelte Basaltmagmen und sogar Andesite entstanden. Die Basalte können mit Typ II-Ozeanbodenbasalten verglichen werden. Die Kupfer/Zinkerze der Tverrfjell-Lagerstätte sind strikt an einen andesitischen Extrusivkörper gebunden. Eine ausgedehnte Magmenkammer wird postuliert, in welcher die Magmenfraktionierung stattfand, und die als Wärmequelle für die Bildung des Tverrfjellerzkörpers angesehen wird. Aufgrund der Untersuchungsergebnisse wird angenommen, daß die Lagerstätte in einem Intraplatten-Vulkanzentrum oder in einem Back-arc spreading centre gebildet wurde.

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Résumé Le gisement volcanogénétique exhalatif du Tverrfjell se trouve au sein d'une série de métavolcanites sous-marines, surtout basiques, qui alternent avec des pélites géosynclinales, des turbidites et des brèches volcaniques. Ces roches appartiennent au groupe de Støren qui s'étend du Cambrien inférieur jusqu'à l'éo-Arénigien. Dans cette région, deux phases déformatives majeures ont été reconnues, liées à un métamorphisme de degré faible à moyen.La plupart des basaltes sont de type tholéiitique, mais il existe aussi des basaltes alcalins. Un fractionnement poussé a engendré magmas basaltiques très évolués et même des andésites. Les compositions des basaltes sont comparables à celles du «basalte océanique de type II». La minéralisation en Cu-Zn de Tverrfjell est liée strictement à une masse extrusive andésitique. Pour expliquer le fractionnement magmatique, on admet l'existence d'une de chaleur lors de la formation du gisement de Tverrfjell. Ce gisement a dû se former soit dans un centre volcanique intraplaque, soit dans une zone d'expansion d'arrière-arc.

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Ecological classification of macrophytes and phytobenthos for rivers in Germany according to the water framework directive   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Jochen Schaumburg  Christine Schranz  Julia Foerster  Antje Gutowski  Gabriele Hofmann  Petra Meilinger  Susanne Schneider  Ursula Schmedtje 《Limnologica》2004,34(4):283-301

A new assessment system for macrophytes and phytobenthos in German rivers meeting the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Community is described. Biocoenotic types based on biological, chemical and hydromorphological data from over 200 river sites covering the main ecoregions, hydromorphological stream types and degradation forms have been defined. For developing a classification system the quality element macrophytes and phytobenthos was divided into three components: macrophytes, benthic diatoms and remaining phytobenthos. For macrophytes seven types including one subtype, for benthic diatoms 14 types including three subtypes and for the remaining phytobenthos five river types were identified. The benthic vegetation at reference condition was described for most of the river types. Degradation is characterised as deviation in benthic vegetation species composition and abundance from the reference biocoenosis. For classification in five ecological status classes, several metrics were developed and used in combination with existing indices. For some of the described river types additional investigations are necessary before a classification system can be developed.  相似文献   

Geodynamic significance of the Raspas Metamorphic Complex (SW Ecuador): geochemical and isotopic constraints     

Delphine Bosch  Piercarlo Gabriele  Henriette Lapierre  Jean-Louis Malfere  Etienne Jaillard   《Tectonophysics》2002,345(1-4)

The Raspas Metamorphic Complex of southwestern Ecuador is regarded as the southernmost remnant of oceanic and continental terranes accreted in the latest Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. It consists of variably metamorphosed rock types. (1) Mafic and ultramafic rocks metamorphosed under high-pressure (HP) conditions (eclogite facies) show oceanic plateau affinities with flat REE chondrite-normalized patterns, Nd_{150 Ma} ranging from +4.6 to 9.8 and initial Pb isotopic ratios intermediate between MORB and OIB. (2) Sedimentary rocks metamorphosed under eclogitic conditions exhibit LREE enriched patterns, strong negative Eu anomalies, Rb, Nb, U, Th, Pb enrichments, low Nd_{150 Ma} values (from −6.4 to −9.5), and high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ^206,207,208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb isotopic ratios suggesting they were originally sediments derived from the erosion of an old continental crust. (3) Epidote-bearing amphibolites show N-MORB affinities with LREE depleted patterns, LILE, Zr, Hf and Th depletion, high Nd_{150 Ma} (>+10) and low initial Pb isotopic ratios.The present-day well defined internal structure of the Raspas Metamorphic Complex seems to be inconsistent with the formerly proposed interpretation of a “tectonic mélange”. The association of oceanic plateau rocks and continent-derived sediments both metamorphosed in HP conditions suggests that the thin edge of the oceanic plateau first entered the subduction zone and dragged sediments downward of the accretionary wedge along the Wadatti–Benioff zone. Subsequently, when its thickest part arrived into the subduction zone, the oceanic plateau jammed the subduction processes, due to its high buoyancy.In Ecuador and Colombia, the latest Jurassic–Early Cretaceous suture involves HP oceanic plateau rocks and N-MORB rocks metamorphosed under lower grades, suggesting a composite or polyphase nature for the latest Jurassic–Early Cretaceous accretionary event.  相似文献   

An admittance study of the Reykjanes Ridge and elevated plateaux between the Charlie–Gibbs and Senja fracture zones     

Daniel&#;A. Heller  Gabriele Marquart 《Geophysical Journal International》2002,148(1):65-76

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