Low resistivity zones at contacts of igneous intrusions emplaced in organic-rich formations and their implications on fluid flow and petroleum systems: A case study in the northern Neuquén Basin,Argentina     

Juan Bautista Spacapan  Alejandro D´Odorico  Octavio Palma  Olivier Galland  Kim Senger  Remigio Ruiz  Rene Manceda  Hector Armando Leanza 《Basin Research》2020,32(1):3-24

Igneous sills and laccoliths emplaced in sedimentary basins may significantly impact petroleum systems, both positively and negatively. Igneous intrusions provide heat to maturate regionally immature organic-rich host rocks, act as fractured reservoirs hosting commercial accumulations of hydrocarbons, and form structures affecting fluid flow and trapping at different scales. Nevertheless, the petrophysical implications of igneous intrusions on their host rock are poorly known. In this study, we analyse 200 wells in the Río Grande Valley oil field, Neuquén basin, Argentina, where the main reservoirs are in fractured igneous sills. This dataset represents a globally unique possibility to characterize the igneous–host rock interaction using both wireline logs and core material. We identify a systematic Contact Low Resistivity Zone (CLRsZ) at both the upper and lower contacts of the sills emplaced in the organic-rich Vaca Muerta and Agrio Formations. We characterize the nature of these CLRsZ and their petrophysical properties by integrating resistivity and gamma ray well logs, petrographic analyses, petrophysical tests and geochemical analyses. The low resistivity signal of the CLRsZ is dominantly carried by massive-sulphide deposits, mainly pyrite, observed both in the host rock and the chilled margin of the sills. Well log images and porosity-permeability analysis on core plugs show that both the sills and their associated CLRsZ can act as carrier for fluid flow and reservoir for hydrocarbons storage. The thickness of the upper and lower CLRsZ correlates linearly with the thickness of the sill, and the volume of both the upper and lower CLRsZ represents ca. 40% with respect to the volume of their associated sill. The thickness of the CLRsZ represents ca. 13% of the thickness of contact aureole induced by the sills. In the CLRsZ, a great proportion of kerogen was transformed to hydrocarbon, so that CLRsZ were restricted to the innermost contact aureole of the sills. Our results show that the CLRsZ can have major implications on fluid flow and should be considered in reservoir models in volcanic basins hosting sills emplaced in organic-rich formations.  相似文献   

Unravelling the root zone of ultramafic‐hosted black smokers‐like hydrothermalism from an Alpine analog     

Rmi Coltat  Yannick Branquet  Pierre Gautier  Hector Campos Rodriguez  Marc Poujol  Ewan Pelleter  Sean McClenaghan  Gianreto Manatschal  Philippe Boulvais 《地学学报》2019,31(6):549-561

Mid‐Ocean Ridges host various types of hydrothermal systems including high‐T black‐smokers found in ultramafic rocks exhumed along slow spreading ridges. These systems are mostly described in two dimensions as their exposure on the present‐day seafloor lacks the vertical dimension. One way to understand these systems at depth is to study their fossilized equivalents preserved on‐land. Such observation can be done in the Platta nappe, Switzerland, where a Jurassic‐aged mineralized system is exposed in 3D. Serpentinites host a Cu‐Fe‐Ni‐Co‐Zn‐rich mineralization made of sulphides, magnetite and Fe‐Ca‐silicates either replacing serpentinites or within stockwork. Fe‐Ca‐silicates, abundant at the deepest levels, vanish in the mineralization close to the palaeo‐detachment. Fluids were channelized along mafic dykes and sills acting as preferential drains. Warm carbonation (~130°C) is the latest hydrothermal record. We propose that this system is an analog to the root zone of present‐day serpentinite‐hosted hydrothermal systems such as those found along the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge.  相似文献   

Dipolar magnetic moment of the bodies of the solar system and the Hot Jupiters     

Hector Javier Durand-Manterola 《Planetary and Space Science》2009,57(12):1405-1411

Context

The planets magnetic field has been explained based on the dynamo theory, which presents as many difficulties in mathematical terms as well as in predictions. It proves to be extremely difficult to calculate the dipolar magnetic moment of the extrasolar planets using the dynamo theory.

Objective

The aim is to find an empirical relationship (justifying using first principles) between the planetary magnetic moment, the mass of the planet, its rotation period and the electrical conductivity of its most conductive layer. Then this is applied to Hot Jupiters.

Method

Using all the magnetic planetary bodies of the solar system and tracing a graph of the dipolar magnetic moment versus body mass parameter, the rotation period and electrical conductivity of the internal conductive layer is obtained. An empirical, functional relation was constructed, which was adjusted to a power law curve in order to fit the data. Once this empirical relation has been defined, it is theoretically justified and applied to the calculation of the dipolar magnetic moment of the extra solar planets known as Hot Jupiters.

Results

Almost all data calculated is interpolated, bestowing confidence in terms of their validity. The value for the dipolar magnetic moment, obtained for the exoplanet Osiris (HD209458b), helps understand the way in which the atmosphere of a planet with an intense magnetic field can be eroded by stellar wind. The relationship observed also helps understand why Venus and Mars do not present any magnetic field.  相似文献   

The 1511 Eastern Alps earthquakes: a critical update and comparison of existing macroseismic datasets     

Romano Camassi  Carlos Hector Caracciolo  Viviana Castelli  Dario Slejko 《Journal of Seismology》2011,15(2):191-213

Three earthquakes condition the seismic hazard estimates of the Eastern Alps: the 1348 “Villach”, the 1511 “Idrija”, and the 1976 Gemona events. Only the last one can be well documented, while doubts remain for location and size of the other two. New documents have been found about the 1511 quake that, together with a complete revision of the information already available, offer some new indications on the location and size of the event.  相似文献   

A Comparative Quantitative Study of an Omani Soil Using X-Ray Diffraction Technique     

Amer Ali Al-Rawas  Abdulwahid Hago  Hector H. Sutherland  Ali A. Yousif  Mohammed Al-Shihi  Badr Al-Shihi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2001,19(1):69-84

Two methods for the quantification of clay minerals using X-ray diffraction techniques: the Constant Mineral Standards Method and the Constant Clay Method were applied to soil samples from Al-Khod (Northern Oman). The first method was based on the addition of different concentrations of clay to constant mineral standards while the latter was based on the additions of known internal standards to the clay sample. The clay investigated in this study contained montmorillonite, palygorskite, illite and kaolinite. The areas of the reflection peaks were found to relate linearly with additions of different proportions of clay or mineral standards. Using the two methods, the concentrations of the different components and their experimental errors were determined. From the errors and self consistency of the results obtained, and the practicality of sample preparation, it is proposed to use the Constant Mineral Standards Method.  相似文献   

An Evaluation of Lithium Sorption Isotherms and Their Application to Ground-Water Transport     

Brent D. Newman  Hector R. Fuentes  Wilfred L. Polzer 《Ground water》1991,29(6):818-824

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Elucidating Ground-Water Flow Paths in a Desert Terrane by Geochemical Methods     

Steven J. Fritz  Hector J. Lopez  Michael P. Wilson 《Ground water》1990,28(4):551-558

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Spectro-Polarimetric Observations and Non-Lte Modeling of Ellerman Bombs     

Hector Socas-Navarro  Valentín Martínez Pillet  David Elmore  Anna Pietarila  Bruce W. Lites  Rafael Manso Sainz 《Solar physics》2006,235(1-2):75-86

Ellerman bombs are bright emission features observed in the wings of Hα, usually in the vicinity of magnetic concentrations. Here we show that they can also be detected in the Ca II infrared triplet lines, which are easier to interpret and therefore allow for more detailed diagnostics. We present full Stokes observations of the 849.8 and 854.2 nm lines acquired with the new spectro-polarimeter SPINOR. The data show no significant linear polarization at the level of 3 × 10⁻⁴. The circular polarization profiles exhibit measureable signals with a very intricate pattern of peaks. A non-LTE analysis of the spectral profiles emerging from these features reveals the presence of strong downflows (∼10 {km s⁻¹}) in a hot layer between the upper photosphere and the lower chromosphere. Visiting Astronomers, National Solar Observatory, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA), under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is sponsored by the National Science Foundation, USA.  相似文献   

XMM–Newton surveys of the Canada–France Redshift Survey fields – I. The submillimetre/X-ray relation     

Timothy J. Waskett  Stephen A. Eales  Walter K. Gear  Elizabeth M. Puchnarewicz  Simon Lilly  Hector Flores  Tracy Webb  David Clements  Jason A. Stevens  Trinh X. Thuan 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,341(4):1217-1225

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Modelling innovation and the macroeconomics of low-carbon transitions: theory,perspectives and practical use     

Jean-Francois Mercure  Florian Knobloch  Hector Pollitt  Leonidas Paroussos  S. Serban Scrieciu  Richard Lewney 《Climate Policy》2019,19(8):1019-1037

Energy and climate policies may have significant economy-wide impacts, which are regularly assessed based on quantitative energy-environment-economy models. These tend to vary in their conclusions on the scale and direction of the likely macroeconomic impacts of a low-carbon transition. This paper traces the characteristic discrepancies in models’ outcomes to their origins in different macro-economic theories, most importantly their treatment of technological innovation and finance. We comprehensively analyse the relevant branches of macro-innovation theory and group them into two classes: ‘Equilibrium’ and ‘Non-equilibrium’. While both approaches are rigorous and self-consistent, they frequently yield opposite conclusions for the economic impacts of low-carbon policies. We show that model outcomes are mainly determined by their representations of monetary and finance dimensions, and their interactions with investment, innovation and technological change. Improving these in all modelling approaches is crucial for strengthening the evidence base for policy making and gaining a more consistent picture of the macroeconomic impacts of achieving emissions reductions objectives. The paper contributes towards the ongoing effort of enhancing the transparency and understanding of sophisticated model mechanisms applied to energy and climate policy analysis. It helps tackle the overall ‘black box’ critique, much-cited in policy circles and elsewhere.

Key policy insights

• Quantitative models commissioned by policy-makers to assess the macroeconomic impacts of climate policy generate contradictory outcomes and interpretations.

• The source of the differences in model outcomes originates primarily from assumptions on the workings of the financial sector and the nature of money, and of how these interact with processes of low-carbon energy innovation and technological change.

• Representations of innovation and technological change are incomplete in energy-economy-environment models, leading to limitations in the assessment of the impacts of climate-related policies.

• All modelling studies should state clearly their underpinning theoretical school and their treatment of finance and innovation.

• A strong recommendation is given for modellers of energy-economy systems to improve their representations of money and finance.

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