Biochemie und Feinstruktur Fossiler Knochen aus Bituminösen Schichten     

Dr. W. Heller 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1966,55(1):119-130

Zusammenfassung Eingangs wird kurz das Untersuchungsmaterial, seine stratigraphische Eingliederung und seine lokale Herkunft skizziert. Sämtliches Wirbelmaterial wurde aus bituminösen Schichten verschiedenen Alters entnommen. Bei der Bestimmung des Gehalts an organischer Substanz dor Wirbelknochen trennte ich zwischen ursprünglicher, d. h. knocheneigener organischer Substanz und aus dem Sediment eingewanderter organischer Substanz während der Einbettung der Knochen bzw. später.Chemismus und Feinstruktur der fossilen Wirbelknochen zeigen keine wesentlichen Unterschiede gegenüber den rezenten. Lediglich die Aminosäuren Histidin und Methionin fehlen unter denjenigen, die das rezente Kollagen enthält. Auf Grund ihres einerseits mengenmäßigen geringen Vorhandenseins im Kollagen und andererseits wesentlich unbeständigeren Charakters ist ihr Fehlen verständlich. Die röntgenographische Untersuchung der Knochen mit dem Zählrohrgoniometer und die polarisationsmikroskopische Betrachtung der Knochendünnschliffe zeigt, daß keine knochenfremden Mineralien in die Knochen eingewandert bzw. dort auskristallisiert sind. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen wurden gleichfalls an den Knochen durchgeführt. Die bisherigen vorläufigen Ergebnisse lassen noch nicht klar genug erkennen, ob die Veränderung der Knollagenstruktur auf das absolute geologische Alter der Knochen oder auf die nicht völlig identische Einbettung derselben in die bituminösen Schichten oder den Chemismus bzw. Bitumengehalt des Sediments zurückzuführen ist.Der unterschiedliche Feinbau der Wirbelknochen läßt eine verschieden starke Adsorptionsfähigkeit für Bitumen erkennen. Den höchsten Gehalt an Bitumen zeigt die Zone der inneren Generallamellen und das umgewandelte Gewebe der Chordascheide und des Chordagewebes bei den Ichthyosaurierwirbeln.

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The author analysed vertebrae taken from strata of different geological age. For some specified reasons only bones of bituminous layers have been analysed. These layers and the localities are: the bituminous schist of the Middle Alpine Trias (Anisian/Ladinian) of the Monte San Giorgio (Kanton Tessin, Switzerland), the Lias epsilon (Posidonomya Shales, Toarcium) of Holzmaden (Baden-Württemberg, Germany), and the bituminous swamps of Rancho La Brea (USA). It has turned out that under these special conditions of bedding the collagenous structure has been preserved to a great extent, and no migration of minerals out of the sediments into the bones has taken place. This could be proved by the use of an X-ray-counting goniometer (Zählrohrgoniometer).Comparing analyses of vertebrae taken from non-bituminous layers showed that in the those cases the collagenous structure had been destroyed, and thatThis means that the bitumen must have acted as a protecting film on the bones.

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Résumé Au départ seront brièvement esquissés le matériel de recherche, son enchaînement stratigraphique et son origine locale. L'ensemble du matériel vertébral a été retiré de couches bitumineuses d'âges différents. Par la détermination du contenu de la substance organique des vertèbres, j'ai séparé la substance primitive, c'est-à-dire organique propre aux os, du sédiment, de la substance organique implantée pendant le gisement des os ou après.Par rapport aux vertèbres actuelles, le chimisme et la configuration intime (constitution intime) des vertèbres fossiles n'offrent pas de différences essentielles. Simplement, parmi les acides aminés, l'histidine et la méthionine font défaut parmi ceux que contient le collagène récent. En raison de leur existence en faible quantité d'une part, et de leur caractère essentiellement labile d'autre part, leur absence est compréhensible.L'exploration radiographique des os au compteur goniomètrique et l'examen micropolarographique des coupes minces osseuses montrent qu'aucune substance minérale étrangère n'a été implantée dans les os, ou fixée. Des recherches au microscope électronique ont également été menées sur les os. Les résultats jusque là provisoires ne font pas encore assez clairement ressortir si la transformation de la structure du collagène est à rapporter à l'âge géologique absolu des os ou à leur localisation (Einbettung) non parfaitement identique dans les couches bitumineuses, ou encore au chimisme, disons plutôt au contenu bitumineux du sédiment.La constitution intime différente des vertèbres fait apparaître un potentiel d'adsorption variable pour les bitumes. C'est dans la zone des lamelles générales intérieures (inneren Generallamellen) et dans le tissu transformé (umgewandelte) de la gaine et des tissus chordaux des vertèbres d'Ichthyosaure que l'on trouve la plus grande teneur en bitumes.

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Zonǎ periurbanǎ a Bucureşstilor (Das Umland von Bukarest): Iordan,I. (1973): 219 S., 18 Abb., 21 Tabellen. Bukarest: Ed. Acad. a Rep. Socialiste România. 15,50 Lei     

Wilfried Heller 《Geoforum》1974,5(3):100

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Cenozoic basin development and its indication of plateau growth in the Xunhua-Guide district     

Liu  ShaoFeng  Zhang  GuoWei  Heller  P. L. 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2007,50(2):277-291

The Xunhua, Guide and Tongren Basins are linked with the Laji Mountain and the northern West Qinling thrust belts in the Xunhua-Guide district. Basin depositional stratigraphy consists of the Oligocene Xining Group, the uppermost Oligocene-Pliocene Guide Group and the Lower Pleistocene. They are divided into three basin phases by unconformities. Basin phase 1 is composed of the Xining Group, and Basin phase 2 of the Zharang, Xiadongshan, Herjia and Ganjia Conglomerate Formations in the Guide Group, and Basin phase 3 of the Gonghe Formation and the Lower Pleistocene. Three basin phases all develop lacustrine deposits at their lower parts, and alluvial-braided channel plain depositional systems at upper parts, which constitute a coarsening-upward and progradational sequence. Basin deposition, paleocurrent and provenance analyses represent that large lacustrine basin across the Laji Mountain was developed and sourced from the West Qinling thrust belt during the stage of the Xining Group (Basin phase 1), and point-dispersed alluvial fan-braided channel plain deposition systems were developed beside the thrust and uplifted Laji Mountain and sourced from it, as thrusting migrated northwards during the stage of the Guide Group (Basin phase 2). Evolution of basin-mountain system in the study area significantly indicates the growth process of the distal Tibetan Plateau. The result shows that the Tibetan Plateau expanded to the northern West-Qinling at Oligocene (29–21.4 Ma) by means of northward folded-and-thrust thickening and uplifting and frontal foreland basin filling, and across the study area to North Qilian and Liupan Mountain at the Miocene-Pliocene (20.8–2.6 Ma) by means of two-sided basement-involved-thrust thickening and uplifting and broken foreland basin filling, and the distant end of Tibetan Plateau behaved as regional erosion and intermontane basin aggradational filling during the Pliocene and early Pleistocene (2.6–1.7 Ma).

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Lower Jurassic magnetostratigraphy at the Breggia Gorge (Ticino, Switzerland) and Alpe Turati (Como, Italy)     

F. Horner  F. Heller 《Geophysical Journal International》1983,73(3):705-718

Summary. The Breggia gorge (Ticino, Switzerland) provides a continuous outcrop of Mesozoic limestones covering the time between the Lower Jurassic and Upper Cretaceous. The Jurassic section from the Lower Pliens-bachian to Aalenian is well dated by ammonites. The limestones of these stages are a good quality recorder of the polarity of the geomagnetic field during this time interval. More than 500 cores have been drilled along a 120 m thick section with a median distance between cores of about 20 cm. Detailed thermal and af demagnetization and further rock magnetic studies were used to determine the characteristic NRM direction for each sample. Initial NRM intensities and low field susceptibilities reflect variations in oxidation potential and sedimentation rate during carbonate deposition. The Breggia section covers an estimated 12Myr of Lower to Middle Jurassic time during which more than 60 distinct reversals of the geomagnetic field are recorded. This corresponds to a comparatively high mean reversal frequency of about 5 reversals Myr⁻¹. The Breggia polarity zonation can be correlated with the nearby section at Alpe Turati (Como, Italy) and comparable polarity patterns are recognized in other biostratigraphically well-dated magnetostratigraphic profiles from Hungary and Umbria (Italy).  相似文献   

Conversion of nutrients in the Elbe river plume during drift experiments in the German Bight during spring 1995 and summer 1994     

U. Brockmann  K. Viehweger  T. Raabe  S. Rick  H. -J. Rick  R. Heller  D. TopÇu 《Ocean Dynamics》1999,51(2-3):293-312

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Late Permian magnetostratigraphy on the eastern Russian platform     

Gialanella  P.R.  Heller  F.  Haag  M.  Nurgaliev  D.  Borisov  A.  Burov  B.  Jasonov  P.  Khasanov  D.  Ibragimov  S.  Zharkov  I. 《Geologie en Mijnbouw》1997,76(1-2):145-154

The Late Permian is characterized palaeomagnetically by the transition from the long-lasting Permo-Carboniferous reversed polarity superchron (PCRS; also called: Kiaman reversed superchron) to the subsequent Permo-Triassic mixed polarity superchron, often called Illawarra mixed polarity superchron. Many discussions have been devoted to the exact time of the onset of the Illawarra reversals. Apparently contradictory data have been obtained from magnetostratigraphic sediment successions formed in different environments in many regions of the world. These sediments have been dated using classical geological or palaeontological correlation methods without the possibility of absolute age control because volcanogenic materials are missing. Application of the local or regional stratigraphic schemes leads to difficulties and apparent diachronous age estimates of the end of the PCRS. This paper shows that in agreement with earlier investigations, the continental red beds of the Upper Permian Tatarian stage on the eastern Russian platform record the Kiaman/Illawarra boundary. The Illawarra reversal sequence measured in a type section at the Volga river can be correlated well with the corresponding polarity pattern found in the Tethyan realm if one assumes a longer duration of the Tatarian than previously suggested.  相似文献   

Hillslope runoff generation influenced by layered subsurface in a headwater catchment in Ore Mountains,Germany     

Katja Heller  Arno Kleber 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(11):943

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Lineament Analysis and Geophysical Modelling of the Alba Patera Region on Mars     

Heller  Daniel-A.  Janle  Peter 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1999,84(1):1-22

Global data sets of images, topography and gravity are available for Mars from several orbiter missions. At the eve of new global data from Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), the capabilities of 3D geophysical modelling based on areal topography and gravity data combined with geologic-tectonic image interpretation is demonstrated here. A unique structure is chosen for the model calculations: the Alba Patera volcanic complex at the northern border of the Tharsis rise. Five groups of graben are discriminated: Ceraunius Fossae, Catenae, Tantalus Fossae (radial group) radial to the Tharsis rise, mainly associated to the formation of Tharsis, and Alba and Tantalus Fossae (circular group), younger than the other graben and circular around Alba Patera. Combining 3D elastic flexure of the lithosphere due to a 3D topographic surface load with 3D gravity models results in a rather thick lithosphere (150–200 km) and thick crust (60–100 km). In another model estimate it has been assumed that the circular grabens are induced by the stresses from the surface load of Alba Patera. In a first order calculation the surface stresses under a point load have been determined resulting in a good correlation of the stress maximum with the location of the circular grabens for a 50-km thick lithosphere. This is in accordance with earlier results from this method, but in contradiction with the thick lithosphere derived from flexure-gravity models. One possibility for this contradiction may be that the different models represent two evolutionary points of Alba Patera. (1) The correlation of stresses with the circular grabens may represent an older stage of evolution with a thinner lithosphere. (2) The flexure-gravity models represent a younger to present stage with a thick lithosphere. The results of the lithosphere thicknesses are compared with an admittance calculation and different thermal evolution models which determine comparable thicknesses (150 km). More detailed models including 3D stress models should wait for new data sets from MGS. The results from the lineament analysis and geophysical modelling are summarized in an evolution model for Alba Patera.  相似文献   

The frequency dependence of low field susceptibility in loess sediments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Th. Forster  M. E. Evans  F. Heller 《Geophysical Journal International》1994,118(3):636-642

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Paleomagnetic age and palaeobiological significance of hominoid fossil strata of Yuanmou Basin in Yunnan   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Friedrich A. Heller 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(5)

The Yuanmou area in Yunnan Province is a fa-mous place for origin of mankind. Qian Fang et al. found tooth fossils of Yuanmou man in Shangnabang Village of Yuanmou in 1965. Jiang Nengren et al. identified the hominoid teeth from animal fossils un-earthed near Zhupeng Village in the Xiaohe Basin which were delivered by the local peasants. Hominoid fossils were also found in Leilao Village of Yuanmou afterward. These great discoveries have aroused ex-tensive concern in academic circle[1,2…  相似文献