基于GIS的煤矿区农用机井依赖度的计算与分析     

杨燕杰  徐跃通  丁娟  徐广才 《测绘科学》2008,33(2):213-215

中国北方水资源日益紧缺,作为重要的农田水利基础设施,农用机井对灌溉农业发展的作用越来越大。本文通过对南屯煤矿区机井作用的研究,定量分析各种土地利用类型受机井的影响程度,提出了机井依赖度的概念和计算方法。根据研究区各种土地利用类型对机井的依赖度和机井缓冲区的影响范围,对本区机井的建设和布局提出了建设性的意见,对其他区域的机井建设也有参考价值。  相似文献   

黑河流域节水生态农业与流域水资源集成管理研究领域   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程国栋  肖洪浪  李彩芝  任娟  王赛 《地球科学进展》2008,23(7):661-665

概述了中国内陆河流域面临的水问题和日益激化的用水矛盾,强调了内陆河地区支柱产业——绿洲农业应该坚持节水和生态的方向,流域集成管理是持续农业的基础。长期从事该方面研究的黑河流域是个较好借鉴,同时也提供了深入开展相关研究的基础,为此提出了以黑河流域为背景的四大研究流域：水文、生物、经济系统水循环与水资源形成演变,节水农业的生物学研究与抗旱品种繁育,农业节水新材料研发与工程节水技术集成,水资源合理配置与流域集成管理;并简述了各领域的主要方向。  相似文献   

基于WebGIS的湿地生态旅游信息系统的构建——以江苏盐城为例     

王娟  查良松 《测绘与空间地理信息》2008,31(5)

生态旅游作为新兴产业之一,论文分析利用WebGIS技术构建湿地生态旅游信息系统的可行性,并以江苏盐城为例,介绍建立湿地生态旅游信息系统的思路.  相似文献   

铁氧化物矿物对苯酚和溶解性有机质表面吸附的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴宏海  林怡英  吴嘉怡  曾丽璇  曾丁才  杜娟 《地学前缘》2008,15(6):133

文中以铁氧化物矿物对苯酚和溶解性有机质(DOM)的吸附研究为例开展生态矿物学研究。铁氧化物矿物的吸附作用存在多种机制,这些吸附机制发生作用的条件主要取决于溶液化学性质和吸附质的理化性质。批处理实验研究表明,苯酚吸附在酸性微酸性条件下不强,吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,属于表面分子吸附模型;DOM的吸附强并发生吸附分异,配体交换、憎水键和范氏力等多种模式并存,在酸性中性条件下对DOM在针铁矿上的吸附起着重要贡献。本文实验条件下DOM吸附等温线近于线性,不能采用Langmuir方程拟合,可能原因是DOM浓度较低。矿物表面荷电性对吸附影响显著,例如,当矿物表面净电荷为零(pH=pHpzc)时,矿物表面水化膜减薄甚至消失,苯酚分子、憎水DOM分子或片断都会倾向于在矿物表面上吸附。由于苯酚吸附机制单一,其受到的影响很明显,所以苯酚在pH值7～8范围内出现吸附最大值;由于配体交换作用主要发生在酸性微酸性条件下,所以在本文pH值约7.5的实验条件下,尽管配体交换仍在发生作用,但它不是主要吸附机制,针铁矿对DOM吸附的主要贡献应是憎水键和范氏力作用,此外,DOM吸附等温方程近于线性还可能与此有关。显然,铁矿物表面作用在对有机质含量低而铁矿物含量高的红壤中污染物和DOM的固定与归宿控制中扮演着重要的角色。  相似文献   

中国精准扶贫的省域差异及影响因素   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘春腊  黄嘉钦  龚娟  谢炳庚 《地理科学》2018,38(7):1098-1106

基于地理学视角,运用省域尺度的相关资料和数据,从扶贫标准、扶贫方式、扶贫主体等方面,探寻中国精准扶贫存在的省域差异,并分析了区域自然环境条件、省域资源禀赋、经济社会条件等因素对精准扶贫的影响。在扶贫标准上,经济发展水平较高的省份扶贫标准较高,经济发展水平较低的省份扶贫标准较低;在扶贫对象识别上,各省在结合自身精准扶贫实践的基础上实施了具有地域特色的扶贫识别方法;扶贫方式方面,各省不同程度实施了产业扶贫、金融扶贫等;扶贫主体上,中央政府财政转移支付和省内各级政府对行政区域的扶贫为中国各省域精准扶贫的主要形式。  相似文献   

极点对称模态分解下西安高温天气的趋势特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李双双  延军平  孔锋  高文兰  王娟  赵怡 《地理研究》2018,37(1):209-219

基于1960-2016年西安均一化气象资料,采用极点对称模态分解法,对西安市的高温天气变化特征进行分析,探讨赤道东太平洋海温异常（El Ni?o）、西太平洋副热带高压变化（WPSH）,与西安极端高温变化的关系。结果表明：① 采用非均一化数据,会低估西安暖夜、夏季、热夜、热浪日数变化趋势,高估冬季供暖能耗下降幅度、夏季制冷能耗上升幅度,对暖昼、高温日数影响相对较小。② 在年代变化上,暖昼、热浪、高温日数和制冷度日等四个指标,反映西安白天高温变化特征,呈现一致的四阶段“下降—上升—下降—上升”的变化过程;表征夜间高温变化的暖夜和热夜日数,以1993年为节点,呈现两阶段“阶梯状”的上升趋势。③ 在影响因素上,赤道太平洋中西部海温异常与西安高温关系更为密切。当Ni?o 4区海温异常偏高时,西安暖昼、夏季、炎热天气制冷耗能明显增加,寒冷天气供暖能耗显著降低;同时,当WPSH强度越大,控制面积越大、西伸脊点偏西时,西安暖夜、夏季、热夜日数明显增加、寒冷天气供暖能耗明显下降。  相似文献   

基于均一化资料的西安极端气温变化特征研究     

高文兰  李双双  段克勤  孔锋  王娟 《地理科学》2018,38(3):464-473

基于1960~2015年西安气象站点逐日最高温、最低温数据,采用RHtest软件对非均一化气温序列进行订正,进而选取16项极端气温指数,对西安极端气温变化特征进行分析。结果表明：① 由于气象站点迁移,西安气温资料存在非均一性,导致极端气温变化趋势被低估;② 全球变暖背景下,西安极端气温变化表现出：“快速增温与平稳波动并存,冷暖变化趋势相反,夜晚增暖趋势比白天明显,白天波动变化明显于夜晚,持续性高温事件变化不大,持续性低温事件大幅下降”的变化特征;③ 通过不同区域趋势变化对比、冷暖、昼夜变化关系对比发现,受城市热岛影响,西安极端低温事件减少更为突出,远高于中国其他对比区域（秦岭南北、黄土高原、东北地区等）;④ 在昼夜变化上,西安极端气温变化与中国、全球变化具有一致性,但是通过冷暖指标对比发现,西安极端气温变化具有区域性,表现为冷昼日数下降高于暖昼日数上升,冷夜日数下降高于暖夜日数上升,冷持续日数和暖持续日数共同表现为下降趋势。  相似文献   

Broadband submillimeter measurements of the full Moon center brightness temperature and application to a lunar eclipse     

Juan R. Pardo  Eugene Serabyn 《Icarus》2005,178(1):19-26

We report on observations of the full Moon brightness temperature covering the frequency range of 300-950 GHz, and also on observations of the lunar eclipse of July 16, 2000, though only covering the frequency range of 165-365 GHz due to poor atmospheric transmission at higher frequencies. All observations were performed from the summit of Mauna Kea (HI) using a Fourier Transform Spectrometer mounted on the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory and supplemented by measurements of the atmospheric opacity using a 183 GHz Water Vapor Monitor. The telescope was pointed to the center of the lunar disk (with a footprint of ∼45-15 km on the Moon at 300 through 900 GHz). In order to obtain the correct values of the Moon brightness temperatures at all frequencies we carefully corrected for the atmospheric absorption, which varies across the submillimeter domain. This correction is fully described. The measured pre-eclipse brightness temperature is around 337 K in the 165-365 GHz range. This temperature slightly increases with frequency to reach ∼353 K at 950 GHz, according to previous broader band data. The magnitude of the temperature drop observed during the eclipse at 265 GHz (central frequency of the band covered) was about ∼70 K, in very good agreement with previous millimeter-wave measurements of other lunar eclipses. We detected, in addition, a clear frequency trend in the temperature drop that has been compared to a thermal and microwave emission model of the lunar regolith, with the result of a good match of the relative flux drop at different frequencies between model and measurements.  相似文献   

Particle fluxes dynamics in Blanes submarine canyon (Northwestern Mediterranean)     

Diana Zúñiga  M. Mar Flexas  Anna Sanchez-Vidal  Johan Coenjaerts  Antoni Calafat  Gabriel Jordà  Jordi García-Orellana  Joan Puigdefàbregas  Miquel Canals  Manuel Espino  Francesc Sardà  Joan B. Company 《Progress in Oceanography》2009,82(4):239-251

Within the framework of the multidisciplinary RECS project and with the aim of describing the particle flux transfer from the continental shelf to the deep basin, an array of five mooring lines equipped with a total of five pairs of PPS3/3 sequential-sampling sediment traps and RCM-7/8 current meters were deployed 30 m above the bottom from March 2003 to March 2004 inside and outside the Blanes Canyon. One mooring line was located in the upper canyon at 600 m depth, one in the canyon axis at 1700 m depth and other two close to the canyon walls at 900 m depth. A fifth mooring line was deployed in the continental open slope at 1500 m water depth.The highest near-bottom downward particle flux (14.50 g m⁻² d⁻¹) was recorded at the trap located in the upper canyon (M1), where continental inputs associated with the presence of the Tordera River are most relevant. On the other hand, the downward fluxes (4.35 g m⁻² d⁻¹) in the canyon axis (M2) were of the same order as those found in the western flank (M3) of the canyon. Both values were clearly higher than the value (1.95 g m⁻² d⁻¹) recorded at the eastern canyon wall (M4). The open slope (M5) mass flux (5.42 mg m⁻² d⁻¹) recorded by the sediment trap located outside the canyon system was three orders of magnitude lower than the other values registered by the inner canyon stations. The relevance of our data is that it explains how the transport pathway in the canyon occurs through its western flank, where a more active and persistent current toward the open ocean was recorded over the entire year of the experiment.Off-shelf sediment transport along the canyon axis showed clear differences during the period of the study, with some important events leading to strong intensifications of the current coupled with large transport of particle fluxes to the deepest parts of the canyon. Such events are primarily related to increases in river discharge and the occurrence of strong storms and cascading events during the winter.In summary, in this study it is shown that the dynamics of the water masses and the currents in the study area convert the sharp western flank of the Blanes Canyon in a more active region that favors erosion processes than the eastern flank, which has a smoother topography and where the absence of erosional conditions yields to steadier sedimentary processes.  相似文献   

太阳磁场理论外推研究进展     

郝娟  张枚 《天文研究与技术》2007,4(2):126-134

太阳磁场是研究太阳物理的关键。目前对太阳磁场的精确测量只限于光球层。对日冕磁场结构的了解,则多是以观测的光球磁场作为边界条件,在某种理论模型下进行外推。势场模型、线性无力场模型和非线性无力场模型是无力场假设下的三种理论外推模型。文章介绍了太阳磁场理论外推的基本方法和最新进展,和对三种模型中使用较多的外推方法,列举了它们在天文研究中的一些应用,同时也简略讨论了外推方法中存在的一些问题。  相似文献